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WorksheetsNutrition Exam Review
Total questions: 119
Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins
Which households are more likely to be food-insecure?
low income households
households w/ limited assets (ex: renters)
population groups facing systemic marginalization/discrimination
all of the above
The risk of food insecurity (FI) decreases over age 65
true
false
Food insecure households are:
able to become food secure by using food banks
more likely to eat ultra processed foods as a sole or main food source
more likely to go days without food or skip meals
all experiencing FI to the same degree- no variation in households
What form of food insecurity occurs when eating patterns are disrupted and food intakes in general are reduced?
(a)
Approximately how many Canadians experience some level of food insecurity?
1 in 5 Canadians
1 in 4 Canadians
1 in 3 Canadians
1 in 6 Canadians
'Shielded' individuals whose family members face FI do not have an increased likelihood of mental health conditions
true
false
Recently, rates of colorectal cancer incidence have _________ and death rates have ___________
decreased; increased
increased; increased
increased; decreased
decreased; decreased
Cancer cells are able to outcompete normal body cells or resources, increasing their growth
false
true
All of the following are genes implicated in cancer except:
oncogenes
DNA repair genes
proto-oncogenes
tumor suppression genes
What is the term for the intermediate (middle) cell type between a normal epithelial cell and an invasive cancer cell (tumor/malignant cell)
(a)
Which of the following are true about diet and cancer risk?
increased intake of leafy green veg = increased risk of cancer
increased red meat intake= increased risk of cancer
decreased fiber intake = increased risk of cancer
increased alcohol intake= increased risk of cancer
Taller height in individuals increases their risk of cancer
true
false
Obesity is linked w/ which of the following cancers:
post menopausal breast cancer
pre-menopausal breast cancer
endometrial cancer
liver cancer
Which component found in red meat is thought to increase cancer risks? More specifically, in the blood
(a)
Alcohol is associated with which of the following cancers?
mouth
esophagus
kidney
endometrial
Supplements should be used to prevent cancer
true
false
What term describes weight and muscle loss during cancer that is difficult to reverse?
(a)
Alkaline diets are useful in curing cancer
false
true
Soy may decrease cancer risk by:
decreasing testosterone expression
decreasing ghrelin expression
increasing leptin expression
decreasing estrogen expression
A 19 y/o woman has a BMI of 16 kg/m2. She believes she is 'still too fat' and fears weight gain. Over the last 3 months, she has strictly limited her dietary intake to salads and tea, and runs 10 KM every day. She denies binge eating episodes or self-induced vomiting. Which DSM-5 diagnosis BEST fits her presentation?
bullemia nervosa, non-purging type
anorexia nervosa, restricting type
binge eating disorder
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
A 17 yo girl w/ T1D deliberately omits insulin to lose weight. Which of the following statements is most accurate about this behavior?
weight loss occurs bc less insulin lowers appetite and food intake
weight loss occurs bc glucose cannot enter cells and is lost in urine
most of the excess energy is lost through feces due to impaired absorbtion
long-term consequences are limited to mild fatigue
Which statement is MOST accurate when comparing anorexia nervosa (AN), bulemia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED)?
only AN is associated w/ distorted body image, BN and BED are not
AN and BN occur in normal weight individuals; BED is limited to underweight individuals
mortality rates are highest in BED bc of obesity related complications
Individuals w/ BN always consume objectively extreme amnts of food during binges, whereas BED binges are defined only by subjective distress
BN and BED require recurrent binge episodes, but only BN includes regular compensatory behaviors
Which statement BEST reflects age-related changes in energy and macronutrient needs?
both total energy and protein requirements decrease w/ age bc of decreased lean body mass
total energy needs decrease, but the RDA for protein is the same, making the diet of older adults relatively more protein dense
the proportion of energy from fat should fall below 20% in older adults to prevent obesity
fiber recommendations increase w/ age bc constipation is more common among older adults
carbs should provide less than 45% of energy in older adults to compensate for lower energy levels
Which combination most accurately matches the age-related issues for the micronutrients listed?
Vit b12- RDA is increased bc food found b12 is better absorbed w/ age
folate- RDA decreases, and excess intake improves detection of b12 deficiency in older adults
Vit d- RDA increases after 70 yrs due to decreased skin synthesis, lower intake and reduced renal activation
Vit b6- RDA decreases because older adults have lower functional requirements
Calcium- RDA is unchanged, but intestinal absorbtion improves, reducing osteoporosis risk
To be classified as an eating disorder, abnormal eating must last for longer than:
6 months
4 months
3 months
5 months
Eating disorders are most common where food is _____ and the body is ideal is ________
scarce; thin
scarce; larger
abundant; thin
abundant; larger
Eating disorders are around ______ times higher in women than men
3
1.5x
2
4
People with anorexia acknowledge the seriousness of the weight they have lost
true
false
Which of the following is true about AN?
weight loss does not assure people w/ AN, so their symptoms and behaviors increase
it is the most dangerous eating disorder, mortality is 10x higher than healthy peers
people w/ AN are at a normal weight
AN only involves purging- no other subtype
All patients w/ anorexia nervosa are able to recover fully
false
true
The purging portion of bulimia nervosa is the most dangerous- this is bc it causes:
tooth decay
inflammation of the esophagus
changes in stomach capacity
broken blood vessels in the face from the force of vomiting
all of the above
Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder is explained by: a lack of food, cultural differences, body image disorder, another eating disorder, or another mental or medical disorder
true
false
What condition is characterized by persistent eating of non-food, non-nutritive substances more than 1x per month?
(a)
What condition is characterized by repeated regurgitation more than 1x per month- food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed or spit out
(a)
Which of the following are macrovascular issues associated with diabulimia?
cardiovascular disease
nerve damage
amputations
kidney disease
blindness
Which of the following is NOT part of the female athlete triad?
amenorrhea
menses
disordered eating
osteogenesis
osteoporosis
Eating disorders have a genetic component
true
false
What term describes the maximum age a member of species can live?
(a)
What term describes the average length of time a person is expected to live?
(a)
What term describes shortening the length of time a person spends living w/ illness and disability at the end of their life?
(a)
What term describes the additional capacity an organ has beyond the minimum needed to sustain life?
(a)
All older adults are capable of the same level of physical activity?
true
false
Energy needs decrease in older age because of:
decreased basal metabolic rate
decreased thermic effect of food
decreased physical activity
all of the above
The amount of fiber _______ with increased age
increases
stays the same
decreases
doubles
Which of the following is not a micronutrient whose needs increase w/ old age:
calcium
magnesium
phosphate
vitamin K
In older age, calcium intake must increase to 1200 mg/day. This occurs when women are greater than _____, and men are greater than ________
75 yo; 50 yo
65 yo; 65 yo;
50 yo; 65yo
50 yo; 70 yo
After menopause, the RDA for iron for women is less than half the RDA for menstruating women
true
false
Excess folate (Vit B9) masks deficiency of what vitamin?
b7
b8
b1
b12
What term describes the age related progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength?
(a)
The amount of kcal/kg/day for newborns is ______ times higher than the amount for adults?
4x
5x
2x
3x
Human milk provides all essential AAs
true
false
What is the most common deficiency in infant nutrition?
iron
vit E
vit K
fluorine
Which of the following vitamins must be injected into the body before it is naturally produced by colonic bacteria?
vit E
vit A
Vit C
vit K
Vit D supplements are not recommended for infants to ensure they have an adequate intake
true
false
If a child is in the 3rd percentile, what does it mean?
the child is among the top 3% of babies (way to go)
97% of children weigh more than that child
the child is a normal weight
none of the above
What term describes solid or liquid foods other than breast milk that are given to an infant?
(a)
Babies should be fed the foods that cause allergies most commonly when they are _______ old, and if they are not allergic, they should eat these foods ________/wk
4 months; 3x
6 months; 1x
6 months; 2-3x
5 months; 4x
Allergy symptoms develop:
within seconds
within minutes
within minutes, but they may also occur for up to 2 hours after food is eaten
within minutes, but they may also occur for up to 3 hours after food is eaten
Those with vegetarian diets should focus on adequate intake of:
iron
zinc
vit C
vit b12
calcium
What term describes the time between conception and birth, which lasts about 40 wks in humans?
(a)
An infant is considered premature if they are born:
before 36 weeks of pregnancy
before 34 weeks of pregnancy
before 37 weeks of pregnancy
before 35 weeks of pregnancy
Which of the following is the ideal weight for a baby (ideal birth weight)?
less than 5.5lbs
less than 3.3lbs
8.8lbs or greater
greater than 5.5lbs and less than 8.8lbs
Folate is a nutrient of extreme importance in pregnancy because:
it is needed for the successful implantation of the zygote
it is needed for the mother's health
it is needed to ensure the neural tube of the baby closes properly (this gives rise to brain and s.c.)
it is needed to ensure that the child's organs are functioning properly
Which of the following are hormones involved in milk production?
leptin
oxytocin
vasopressin
prolactin
Weight before and during a pregnancy can impact birth outcomes and the mother's health
true
false
Obesity is considered a chronic condition?
true
false
Around how many calories are there in a pound of fat?
4000
3700
3500
3250
Which of the following is not true of liquid meal replacement diets
they can be done without medical supervision
they are relatively inexpensive
they allow for easy portion control
they allow people to make minimal decisions about food
What term describes cycles of little to no intake w/ regular eating to help weight loss?
(a)
Which of the following is not true about Ozempic?
its function mimics GLP-1, a hormone that tells you when you're full
function is to slow gastric emptying
can increase the risk of muscle loss
does not increase risk of osteoporosis
Which surgical procedure for weight loss involves placing an adjustable band around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the volume that the stomach can hold?
(a)
What surgical procedure for weight loss involves bypassing a portion of the small intestine, with the goal of reducing stomach size and treating morbid obesity?
(a)
What term describes the amount of energy consumed compared to energy expended over time?
(a)
What term describes the rate of energy used under resting conditions?
(a)
Lean body mass includes which of the following:
bone
muscle
organs
fats
What term describes the feeling of fullness from food consumption that determines the length of a meal?
(a)
What hormone's function is to stimulate eating?
GLP-1
insulin
ghrelin
glucagon
The amount of insulin circulating in the body is proportional to the amount of body fat
true
false
Which of the following is true about visceral fat?
it is deposited around abdominal organs
it is deposited around the hips and lower body
results in higher incidence of cardiac disease and diabetes
results in lower incidence of cardiac disease
What term describes the desire to consume foods that is independent of hunger?
(a)
Minerals are organic elements essential for body functioning
true
false
Which of the following is an electrolyte:
sodium
magnesium
calcium
phosphate
all of the above
What term describes the outer layer of bones that is compact?
(a)
___________ bone tends to lose more mass than _______ bone
trabecular; cortical
cortical; trabecular
A T score less than ______ means someone has osteoporosis
-1 SD
btwn -1 SD and -2.5 SD
below -2.5 SD
Blood Ca+2 levels are a good indicator of bone health
true
false
Which of the following is a major function of calcium?
bone and tooth structure
nerve transmission
muscle contraction
blood pressure and blood clotting
all of the above
Which of the following is not a major function of phosphorus?
bone and teeth structure
ATP and DNA - forms pt of it
serves as an enzyme for reactions
acid-base balance
What form of iron is readily absorbed?
(a)
Iron is stored where in the body?
in the liver
in muscle tissue
in the spleen
in RBC
The presence of free iron in the bloodstream is okay- no negative effects of that
false
true
What type of anemia is characterized by small and pale red blood cells being produced?
pernicious anemia
folate deficiency anemia
iron deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
Which of the following are fat soluble vitamins?
vit B
vit C
vit D
vit A
Which of the following vitamins must be bound to protein in the stomach before being absorbed?
vitamin b1
vit b9
vit b6
vit b12
What term describes the inactive form of a vitamin?
(a)
What term describes molecules that act as carriers of electrons or atoms in metabolic reactions?
(a)
What condition occurs due to a deficiency of riboflavin (vit b2) and involves inflammation of the mouth and tongue, and cracks at mouth corners?
(a)
Which of the following is true about folate?
it is involved in DNA synthesis and amino acid digestion
deficiency of folate causes macrocytic anemia
it is involved in fatty acid metabolism and nerve function
deficiency causes pernicious anemia
Excess vitamin b9 (folate) can mask deficiency of vit b12, causing:
anemia to develop
anemia to not develop, leading to delayed diagnosis of deficiency
no severe symptoms to occur
irreversible nerve damage
What term describes damage caused by reactive oxygen molecules (free radicals) that steal electrons from other compounds, damaging their structure and function?
(a)
What condition is characterized by poor wound healing, reopening of old wounds, bone and joint aches, bone fractures and improperly formed/loose teeth?
(a)
Which of the following vitamins serves as a coenzyme for the synthesis of blood clotting proteins?
vit A
vit K
vit D
vit E
Which vitamin's function involves absorption of calcium and phosphate and plays a role in bone maintenance?
vit B
vit A
vit D
vit C
Which vitamin is produced in skin by exposure to UV light from cholesterol?
vit A
vit B
vit C
vit d
vit K
Both food intolerances and food allergies involve an immune response?
true
false
%DV in nutrition facts tables are meant to add up to 100%
true
false
For nutrients to limit, %DV should be ________, and for nutrients to increase, %DV should be _________
<5%; %DV > 15
>15% DV; <5%DV
<10%; >20%DV
<15%; >25%
For something to be considered an excellent source of a vitamin or mineral, it must contain ______ or more of the daily value
15%
25%
20%
30%
For something to be considered a high source of fiber, it must have __________/serving
2g of fiber
3g of fiber
4g of fiber
6g of fiber
For something to be considered an excellent source of protein, it must have a protein rating:
greater than 20
greater than 20, but less than 40
greater than 40
greater than 50
Nutrient function claims can be used on foods that contain at least 10% of the DV of a nutrient?
true
false
By which process can nonessential amino acids be created in the body?
(a)
Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid??
histidine
tyrosine
tryptophan
threonine
leucine
What condition is characterized by a lack of adequate protein intake, but adequate energy intake, leading to swelling and reduced growth in height and weight, and muscle and fat wasting?
kwashiorkor
edema
embolism
marasmus
What term describes a protein that provides all essential aas in amounts that can support the human body?
(a)
Which of the following is not a nutrient at risk with a vegan diet?
vit A
vit b12
iron
zinc
omega 3 fa
What term describes anything designed to increase physical work/improve exercise performance?
(a)
Which of the following is not true about factors affecting blood alcohol level?
the more someone weighs, the more dilute the alcohol is in their body
if someone drinks multiple drinks in a short amount of time, the alcohol is metabolized faster
men will have a lower blood alcohol level compared to women drinking the same amount of alcohol
drinks with mixers are absorbed more quickly than drinks w/ just alcohol
All cancers form tumors
true
false
