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Immunology and Host Defenses Quiz

Total questions: 138

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the study of the body's second and third lines of defense called?

a)

Pathology

b)

Hematology

c)

Immunology

d)

Microbiology

2.

Which of the following is a nonspecific defense present at birth?

a)

Adaptive immunity

b)

Innate natural defenses

c)

Acquired immunity

d)

Cell-mediated immunity

3.

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

a)

Exposure to foreign substances

b)

Inflammation and phagocytosis

c)

Barriers that block invasion at the portal of entry

d)

Protective antibodies and memory cells

4.

Which of the following is NOT a physical or anatomical barrier in the first line of defense?

a)

Nasal hair

b)

Blinking and tears

c)

HCl in the stomach

d)

Skin flushing with sweat

5.

What enzyme hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls?

a)

Lysozyme

b)

Interferon

c)

Defensins

d)

Hemoglobin

6.

Which genetic trait provides resistance to malaria?

a)

Gene for cystic fibrosis

b)

Gene for sickle-cell

c)

Gene for hemophilia

d)

Gene for Tay-Sachs disease

7.

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

a)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b)

Staphylococcus aureus

c)

Escherichia coli

d)

Treponema pallidum

8.

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by large chancres?

a)

Primary stage

b)

Secondary stage

c)

Late stage

d)

Incubation stage

9.

What is the treatment for syphilis?

a)

Antiviral medication

b)

No treatment available

c)

Injection of penicillin G

d)

Oral antibiotics

10.

What are molecules shared by microorganisms that are recognized by the immune system called?

a)

Cytokines

b)

Antibodies

c)

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

d)

Pathogen recognition receptors

11.

What is the function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)?

a)

Production of blood cells

b)

Interconnection of cells and tissues

c)

Transport of oxygen

d)

Regulation of body temperature

12.

What are undifferentiated cells that serve as precursors for new blood cells called?

a)

Platelets

b)

Stem cells

c)

Leukocytes

d)

Erythrocytes

13.

Which type of white blood cells have a lobed nucleus?

a)

Lymphocytes

b)

Monocytes

c)

Granulocytes

d)

Agranulocytes

14.

Which cells are responsible for humoral immunity?

a)

B cells

b)

Macrophages

c)

T cells

d)

Dendritic cells

15.

What is the primary function of the spleen?

a)

Regulation of body temperature

b)

Filtering circulating blood to remove worn-out RBCs and pathogens

c)

Storage of iron

d)

Production of lymphocytes

16.

Which of the following is NOT a major inflammatory event?

a)

Antibody production

b)

Vascular reactions

c)

Scar formation

d)

Edema and pus formation

17.

What is the migration of cells out of blood vessels into tissues called?

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Diapedesis

d)

Chemotaxis

18.

What is the role of pyrogens in the immune response?

a)

Destroy bacterial cell walls

b)

Stimulate antibody production

c)

Reset the hypothalamus to increase body temperature

d)

Activate complement proteins

19.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of fever?

a)

Impedes nutrition of bacteria by reducing available iron

b)

Inhibits multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms

c)

Destroys all pathogens directly

d)

Increases metabolism and stimulates immune reactions

20.

What is the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

a)

Activate complement proteins

b)

Produce antibodies

c)

Stimulate fever

d)

Detect foreign molecules and signal macrophages

21.

What is formed when lysosomes fuse with a phagosome?

a)

Phagolysosome

b)

Pseudopod

c)

Exudate

d)

Membrane attack complex

22.

What is the role of complement proteins in the immune system?

a)

Activate T cells

b)

Stimulate fever

c)

Produce cytokines

d)

Destroy bacteria and viruses

23.

Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in _ _ _ _

a)

a) trapping microbes entering our body.

b)

b) Destroying microbes

c)

c) inhibiting the growth of microbes

d)

d) interfere the microbial growth

24.
What is the role of antibodies?
a)
Kills pathogens
b)
Helps activate other immune cells
c)
Produces antibodies
d)
Binds to antigens and neutralizes pathogen
25.

Which statement provides a possible explanation for what is happening here?

a)

antibiotics break down substances through digestion

b)

some specialized cells mark and engulf microbes during immune responses

c)

embryonic development of essential organs occurs during pregnancy

d)

cloning removes abnormal cells produced during differentation

26.

Which structure is made by the human immune system to fight a pathogen?

a)

1--the antibody

b)

2--the antigen

c)

3--the pathogen

27.

Identify the given structure

a)

antigen

b)

antibody

c)

hormone

d)

MHC

28.

Which structure is made by the human immune system to fight a pathogen?

a)

the antibody

b)

the antigen

c)

the pathogen

29.

immune system (antibodies)

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

30.
What is phagocytosis?
a)
WBCs
b)
When cells eat other cells
c)
When a cell collapses
d)
When a cell releases nutrients
31.
Which best describes the relationship between antibodies and antigens?
a)
Antibodies are specific to one antigen
b)
Antigens are produced in response to antibodies
c)
One antibody can affect several different antigens
d)
Immunity develops when an antigen destroys an antibody.
32.

When activated B cells multiply, what do they produce?

a)

Plasma cells

b)

Antigens

c)

Histamines

d)

T lymphocytes

33.
What is a primary antibody?
a)
the second antibody used to detect foreign particle
b)
particle produced by the antigen
c)
the first antibody used to detect foreign particle
d)
second cell produced by the macrophage
34.

What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

a)

To produce hormones

b)

To identify and fight pathogens

c)

To regulate body temperature

d)

To support cell division

35.

An inflammation reaction involves the

a)

release of histamines.

b)

agglutination of bacteria.

c)

production of immunoglobulin.

d)

vaseconstriction of blood vessels.

36.

What is the main purpose of a vaccine?

a)

To cure diseases

b)

To diagnose diseases

c)

To prevent diseases

d)

To treat symptoms

37.
In the serum of the blood and react with the antigen on the red blood cell
a)
antibodies
b)
antigens
c)
agglutination
d)
still anti browns
38.

What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

a)

To remember and quickly respond to pathogens the body has previously encountered

b)

To store information about the body's cells

c)

To produce antibodies continuously

d)

To memorize the genetic code of pathogens

39.
Produced by B cells and designed to mark antigens to be destroyed.
a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
40.

Antibodies are

a)

immunoglobulins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

41.
Proteins that recognize specific harmful agents and targets them for removal
a)
antibodies
b)
immunity
c)
lymph nodes
d)
lymphocytes
42.

Specific immune response refers to the body going after only one type of antigen(pathogen)

a)

true

b)

False

43.

How can vaccines prevent outbreaks of diseases?

a)

By treating all symptoms of the disease

b)

By providing immunity to the entire population

c)

By creating herd immunity when a large portion of the population is vaccinated

d)

By killing all pathogens in the environment

44.
a protein produced by a b cell of the immune system that destroys a pathogen and attack antigen
a)
B Cell
b)
T Cell
c)
Vaccination
d)
Antibody
45.

What does an antibody attach to?

a)

antigen on the germ

b)

white blood cells in the blood

c)

nerve cells in the brain

d)

tubes in the lungs

46.

How do vaccines work to protect the body from disease?

a)

By weakening the immune system

b)

By killing pathogens in the body

c)

By creating an IMMUNE RESPONSE to a specific pathogen

d)

By preventing the production of antibodies

47.

What does the immune system use to fight the invading germs?

a)

Pathogens

b)

Antigens

c)

Antibodies

d)

Catalysts

48.

What name is given to the molecules that bind to foreign proteins that enter the bloodstream?

a)

Antigens

b)

Antibodies

c)

Antibiotics

d)

Allergens

49.

Which of the following would be considered part of one's specific defense?

a)

mucus

b)

T-cells

c)

hairs in nose

d)

stomach acids

50.

Which of the following is NOT a part of one's specific defense immune system?

a)

skin

b)

Antibodies

c)

T-cells

d)

B- cells

51.

Which is an example of specific immunity?

a)

inflammation

b)

Sneezing

c)

Fever

d)

Memory Cells

52.

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

a)

The immune system ignores foreign invaders

b)

The immune system attacks the body's own cells

c)

The immune system is overly active against pathogens

d)

The immune system produces too many antibodies

53.

Specialized proteins that attach to specific antigens

a)

Innate Immunity

b)

Antigen

c)

Antibodies

d)

Leukocytes

54.

Some cancerous cells can cause immune responses in the human body because they contain:

a)

   Antigens

b)

Vaccines

c)

   Antibiotics

d)

   Probiotics

55.

Part of the body's defense against pathogens in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen is called:

a)

Protective Barrier

b)

Inflammatory Response

c)

Immune Response

d)

Stomach acid

56.
What are antibodies made of?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Protein
c)
Polysacchiaride
d)
Lipid
57.

Which one of the following statements about antibodies is correct?

a)

Antibodies are polypeptides.

b)

Antibodies are produced by the bone marrow.

c)

Antibodies are pathogenic foreign substances.

d)

Antibodies kill bacteria but not viruses.

58.
A protein molecule released by a B cell that binds to specific antigens.
a)
antigen
b)
antibody
c)
allergy
d)
prion
59.

Typically, antibodies are located on the outer surfaces of bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

a)

True

b)

False

60.
Vaccines contain weakened or dead parts of antigens. 
a)
True
b)
False
61.

Select all the answers that are characteristics of antibodies.

a)

This molecule is produced by white blood cells

b)

These molecules give the body immunity

c)

A vaccine causes the body to produce these

d)

These are part of the pathogen

e)

This molecule triggers an immune response

62.

The external defense systems, includes your skin, tears, mucus, saliva,

stomach acid, cilia (small hairs) and helpful bacteria.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific defenses ________.

a)

do not distinguish between one threat and another.

b)

are always present at birth.

c)

protect against threats on an individual basis.

d)

deny the entry of pathogens to the body.

64.

Specific immune defenses are triggered by molecules called antibodies.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

What is an antibody?

a)

A type of white blood cell

b)

A chemical substance produced by the body to fight off infection

c)

A virus that causes disease

d)

A type of bacteria

66.

What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

a)

They remember past infections

b)

They help build up defenses to fight future infections

c)

They directly block infections at barriers

d)

They instruct other cells on their roles

67.

What type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

a)

Neutrophils

b)

Eosinophils

c)

B cells

d)

T cells

68.

Antibodies are made to fit on a/an (a)   like a puzzle piece. (one word)

69.

Another name for an antibody is

a)

immunoglobulin

b)

mast cell

c)

complex protein

d)

stem cell

70.

During a biology class, Ava, Charlotte, and Benjamin were discussing the immune system. Benjamin asked, 'What are antibodies?'

a)

Cells that regulate the release of hormones

b)

Pathogens that can cause disease or infection

c)

Receptor proteins made by white blood cells

d)

Substances secreted from glands

71.
Part of the immune system. Binds to bacteria to identify them as foreign to the body.
a)
Hormones
b)
Enzymes
c)
Antibodies
d)
Nitrogen Base
72.

Antibody

a)

a substance produced by the body that attaches to a pathogen and aids in its destruction

b)

An organism that tlives and feeds off another organism

c)

ability of the body to defend itself against disease

d)

a microorganism that can cause disease

73.

Antibody

a)

a substance produced by the body that attaches to a pathogen and aids in its destruction

b)

An organism that tlives and feeds off another organism

c)

ability of the body to defend itself against disease

d)

a microorganism that can cause disease

74.

A protein produced by B cells of the immune system that destroys pathogens is called:

a)

Antigens

b)

Antibodies

c)

T-cells

d)

Lymphocytes

75.

A protein produced by B cells of the immune system that destroys pathogens is called:

a)

Antigens

b)

Antibodies

c)

T-cells

d)

Lymphocytes

76.

What is the name of the protein that attacks non-self proteins/particles

(a)  

77.

How do antibodies help in the immune response?

a)

They directly kill pathogens.

b)

They mark pathogens for destruction.

c)

They produce antigens.

d)

They transform into white blood cells.

78.

Which of the following best describes an antigen?

a)

A type of white blood cell

b)

A protein that neutralizes pathogens

c)

A foreign substance that induces an immune response

d)

A type of vaccine

79.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the effector phase of the immune response?

a)

Pathogen recognition

b)

Antibody production

c)

Pathogen destruction

d)

Memory cell formation

80.
What is the main purpose of the immune system?
a)
support the body through bones and muscles
b)
get rid of waste from the body
c)
protect the body from pathogens
d)
move blood through the body
81.
Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?
a)
Fever
b)
Stomach Acid digesting
c)
White Blood Cells fighing
d)
All of these are correct
82.
Which of the following illness is caused by pathogens?
a)
Bruise
b)
Blood Clot
c)
Diabetes
d)
Influenza
83.
What system protects the body from disease?
a)
Lymphatic System
b)
Endocrine System
c)
Immune System
d)
Urinary System
84.

The flu is caused by a ______________.

a)

bacteria

b)

virus

c)

fungi

85.

What is the specific response targeting a specific pathogen?

a)

Immune response

b)

Antigen

c)

Memory T and B cells

d)

Antibodies

86.

_______ can give you athlete's foot.

a)

Fungi

b)

Bacteria

c)

Viruses

87.

White blood cells...

a)

Transport oxygen

b)

Carry nutrients to cells

c)

Carry carbon dioxide to the lungs

d)

Help fight infection

88.

Which of the following is found on the surface of pathogens causing an immune response

a)

Antibody

b)

Antigen-binding site

c)

Prostaglandin

d)

Antigen

89.

The diagram below represents an event that occurs in the blood.

Which statement best describes this event?

a)

Cell A is a white blood cell releasing antigens to destroy bacteria.

b)

Cell A is a cancer cell produced by the immune system and it is helping to prevent disease

c)

Cell A is a white blood cell engulfing disease causing organisms.

d)

Cell A is protecting bacteria so they can reproduce without being destroyed by predators.

90.
Mary feels sick for a week and decides to go to the doctor. The doctor tells her that she has a viral infection and does not prescribe antibiotics to treat her illness. Within a couple of days Mary is feeling better. Which statement best describes Mary's path to recovery?
a)
Mary was already feeling better and didn't need to go to the doctor's office.
b)
Antibiotics produced by Mary's body stimulated her immune system to produce enough antibodies against the virus and destroy the viral infection.
c)
The nonspecific immune response destroyed the virus through inflammation two weeks after Mary went to the doctor's office
d)
The specific immune response produced antibodies that rid her body of the viral infection after it learned the properties of the viral molecule.
91.
What is the main purpose of the immune system?
a)
Support the body through bones and muscles
b)
Get rid of waste from the body
c)
Protect the body from pathogens
d)
Move blood through the body
92.
If a pathogen penetrates the skin barrier, which immune response would occur first?
a)
Mucus would be produced to prevent further infection.
b)
Antibodies would develop to make a vaccine.
c)
The temperature would increase at the infection site.
d)
Platelets would increase the flow of blood from the wound.
93.

What part of blood is responsible for blood clotting?

a)
Red Blood Cells
b)
White Blood Cells
c)
Platelets
d)
Plasma
94.

Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?

a)

Fever

b)

Stomach Acid digesting

c)

White Blood Cells fighing

d)

All of these are correct

95.

What attaches to antigens and tags the pathogen for destruction?

a)

Pathogen

b)

Antibodies

c)

B-cells

d)

Lymphocyte

96.

This image shows

a)

that the second time you are exposed you make more antibodies

b)

the communication between macrophage and Helper T

c)

that an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions

d)

The bike route Mr. Coyne does at lunch

97.

What is immunity?

a)
Immunity is the process of converting food into energy
b)

Immunity is the ability to not get sick from a pathogen by the action of specific antibodies

c)
Immunity is the study of celestial bodies and their movements
d)
Immunity is the ability to change colors based on surroundings
98.

Which pandemic was contained worldwide thanks to vaccination?

a)

malaria

b)

strep throat

c)

fungi

d)

Covid-19

99.

Malaria is caused by a…

a)

bacteria

b)

parasite

c)

fungi

d)

virus

100.
 Like all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis.  Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?  
a)
it protects other organs and tissues from infection and disease
b)
it breaks down food to provide cells with nutrients
c)
it gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systems
d)
 it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
101.
What part of blood is responsible for fighting infections?
a)
Red Blood Cells
b)
White Blood Cells
c)
Platelets
d)
Plasma
102.

This sticky fluid traps any pathogens that try and get in our body

a)

Mucous Lining

b)

Blood

c)

Stomach Acid

d)

Skin

103.
This system is the body's defense against attack.
a)
endocrine
b)
excretory
c)
muscular
d)
immune
104.
What is the first barrier against disease?
a)
White blood cells
b)
Red blood cells
c)
the skin
d)
leucocytes 
105.

What is the body's first line (non-specific) of defense against infection by foreign organisms?

a)

antibodies

b)

lymph nodes

c)

white blood cells

d)

the skin

106.
T cells are made in the___________
a)
bone marrow
b)
spleen
c)
thymus
d)
tonsiles
107.
T cells are made in the___________
a)
bone marrow
b)
spleen
c)
thymus
d)
tonsiles
108.
How do germs enter the body?
a)
From touching a mucous membrane
b)
From not washing your hands
c)
a.  From touching your face
d)
All of the above
109.
All foreign materials that cause a response from the immune system are called _____________________.
a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
110.
The system that recognizes and attacks foreign substances is known as the 
a)
integumentary system 
b)
immune system 
c)
digestive system 
d)
nervous system 
111.

A vaccine triggers your body to produce _____________ which help fight infections.

a)

antibiotics

b)

antibodies

c)

antigens

112.
First recognizes foreign body and eats it and displays it to the other cells
a)
Macrophage
b)
T Cells
c)
B Cells
113.
What body system is attacked by the HIV virus?
a)
The reproductive system
b)
The respiratory system
c)
The endocrine system
d)
The immune system
114.
The part of foreign materials that cause a response from the immune system are called _____________________.
a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
115.
What is the job of the immune system?
a)
Makes red blood cells
b)
Allows humans to reproduce
c)
Protects body from foreign invaders like germs.
d)
Helps the body digest food
116.

As part of the immune system, white blood cells fight germs. Another name for white blood cells is...

a)

Rhinovirus

b)

Leukocytes

c)

Glands

d)

Nodes

117.
What is a non-living organism that contains genetic material and hijacks cells?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Acne
c)
Virus
d)
Allergen
118.
What is the function of a white blood cell?
a)
find and destroy disease-causing organisms
b)
deliver oxygen to body cells
c)
helps clot blood (stops bleeding)
d)
helps the blood components flow throughout the body
119.

6.) ________ have surface _________ where _________ attach.

a)

a.) antibodies, pathogens, antigens

b)

b.) antigens, antibodies, pathogens

c)

c.) pathogens, antibodies, antigens

d)

d.) pathogens, antigens, antibodies

120.

The first line of defense helps to

a)

prevent pathogens from entering body

b)

fight pathogens once they have entered the body

c)

remember pathogens that have previously invaded

121.

______________ is response of the body's immune system to a specific substance

a)

Allergy

b)

Virus

c)

Fungi

d)

Protozoa

122.
How does immune system fight viruses?
a)
Immune system guards our body and when red blood cells which are the part of our immune system detect viruses in our body they kill the antigen or viruses by antibodies.
b)
Immune system guards our body and when 
white blood cells which are the part of our immune system detect viruses in our body they kill the antigen or viruses by antibodies.
c)
Immune system guards our body and when 
antibiotics which are the part of our immune system detect viruses in our body they kill the antigen.
d)
None of above 
123.
First recognizes foreign body and eats it and displays it to the other cells
a)
Macraphage
b)
T Cells
c)
B Cells
124.
All of these are part of the innate immune response except: 
a)
B cells
b)
mast cells
c)
natural killer cells
d)
macrophages
125.

Which function is associated with phagocytes in the blood?

a)

initiating blood clots

b)

transporting dissolved nutrients

c)

producing hormones

d)

engulfing bacteria

126.

The bodies immune system has

a)

3 lines of defense

b)

2 lines of defense

c)

1 line of defense

127.
  1. ____ is the study of how antibodies are released in response to a pathogen.
a)

pathology

b)

immunology

c)

vaccinology

d)

parasitology

128.

A secondary immune response occurs when an antigen is encountered on a second occasion, due to exposure to a pathogen that previously caused infection. Which property of some viruses explains the lack of a secondary immune response?

a)

Viruses fail to induce a primary response.

b)

Viruses can have a high mutation rate.

c)

B cells do not interact with viruses.

d)

Antibodies cannot interact with viruses.

129.

The main role of antibodies is

a)

increase the production of viral proteins

b)

destroy pathogens

c)

tag antigens for destruction by immune cells.

d)

inhabit the production of viral proteins

130.
Body system that includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow
a)
Endocrine
b)
Integumentary
c)
Immune
d)
Urinary
131.

It is a non-selective type of immunity that prevents and destroys pathogens.

a)

Adaptive immunity

b)

Innate Immunity

c)

Immune System

132.

Which type of white blood cells are involved in the specific immune response?

a)

Phagocytes

b)

Lymphocytes

133.
Antibodies are specific (acts on) one
a)
Antigen
b)
white blood cell
c)
 red blood cells
d)
 virus
134.

Which system helps you fight infection?

a)

Muscular

b)

Immune

c)

Nervous

d)

Respiratory

135.
Which term means "cell eating?"
a)
pinocytosis
b)
phagocytosis
136.

When the white blood cells of the body find a foreign organism, they surround, _____, and digest it.

a)

bumble

b)

null and void

c)

pry

d)

engulf

137.
Health-care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens?
a)
Muscular and vascular
b)
Digestive and excretory
c)
Circulatory and immune
d)
Endocrine and reproductive
138.

Vaccines are the best way to prevent viral infections because they cause your body to build its own antibodies as a response. What do vaccines contain that causes this response?

a)

part of a pathogen or a pathogen that has been incapacitated (no longer works)

b)

water and sodium chloride

c)

a fully working virus

d)

adjuvants that cause autism

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