WorksheetsUnit 4: Molecular Genetics Exam
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
Which statement correctly distinguishes DNA and RNA?
DNA contains uracil and RNA does not.
DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not.
RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA does not.
RNA is arranged in a double helix and DNA is not.
Which of these BEST describes the primary goal of meiosis?
The nucleus is divided without mutation.
A single cell divides into two daughter cells.
All chromosomes are replicated and passed on to the daughter cells.
Four cells are produced with only half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Which statement correctly describes the structure of DNA?
It is a single-stranded molecule.
It is made of amino acids.
It is a single helix.
It is a double helix.
In nucleotides, the letters A, G, C, T represent:
phosphate groups
deoxyribose sugars
nitrogenous bases
ribose sugars
Which of these is a segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a protein?
a phosphate
a gene
a mutation
an enzyme
The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?
DNA opens up and RNA copies it.
DNA opens up and completely unwinds to make two new molecules.
DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for making a new strand.
RNA opens up the DNA and uses each strand as a template for a new strand.
During the process of DNA replication, in order to separate the two strands of DNA, the enzyme ______ “unzips” the bonds holding the nucleotides together.
ligase
primase
helicase
nitrogenous base
Which process MUST occur before mitosis and meiosis can occur?
DNA transcription
DNA translation
DNA replication
DNA conjugation
The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the fact that DNA determines an organism’s traits. Which of the following represents the central dogma?
proteins → RNA → DNA
DNA → proteins → RNA
enzymes → traits → organisms
DNA → RNA → proteins
A normal human body cell, or somatic cell, contains how many chromosomes?
36 total, 18 pairs
46 total, 23 pairs
23 total, 12.5 pairs
72 total, 36 pairs
All organisms undergo protein synthesis. The first step of protein synthesis, in which a DNA strand is used to make a complementary mRNA strand, is called ____.
messaging
replication
transcription
translation
The image to the right represents which biological process?
DNA replication
transcription
translation
meiosis
Where does the process of transcription take place?
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
mitochondria
Messenger RNA carries a(n) _____ of the DNA’s instructions out of the nucleus to the _____.
exact copy; ribosome
transcript; ribosome
exact copy; mitochondria
transcript; mitochondria
Use the codon wheel to determine the amino acid sequence for the codons GUU AAA. (Use the codon chart above.)
valine – lysine
leucine – lysine
valine – arginine
leucine – arginine
Which of the following codons could code for the amino acid proline? (Use the codon chart above.)
UUU
GAC
CCC
AAA
Josh is assigned a project in class to make a strand of mRNA from DNA. The DNA code that he has been assigned is CGG TCG AGT GAT. What would be the correct mRNA code for Josh to use in his transcription?
GCC AGC TCA CTA
GCC AGG TGA CTA
GCC UGC TCA CTU
GCC AGC UCA CUA
Changes in the DNA sequence that affect the expression of genetic information are called:
infiltrations
mutations
replications
transformations
What type of RNA acts like a delivery truck, delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis, and then leaves empty again, to go collect another amino acid?
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
mitochondrial RNA
In normal humans, sex cells contain the ______ number of chromosomes.
diploid
haploid
multiploid
tetraploid
A normal strand of DNA is shown below, followed by the same strand of DNA after a mutation has occurred. Normal strand: GTC CAT CTG ATT ACG GCA Mutated strand: GTC CAT CGA TTA CGG CA Identify the mutation and the effect it would have on protein synthesis.
This mutation is a deletion mutation.
This mutation is an insertion mutation.
This mutation is a substitution mutation.
This is not a mutation.
The previous example can also be described as:
a point mutation
a frameshift
a silent mutation
a loud mutation
If a substitution mutation occurs, but the codon still codes for the same amino acid, what type of mutation is this?
nonsense
silent
missense
frameshift
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in which A (adenine) is replaced by T (thymine). This causes a different amino acid to be coded for that codon. What type of mutation causes different amino acids to be added?
nonsense
silent
missense
special mutations
Which form of biotechnology is most likely to be used in forensics?
Animal cloning
DNA fingerprinting
Genetic engineering
Selective breeding
Forensic technicians found pollen in the nose of a murder victim. The police believe that the victim had been moved from the murder site and dumped. The forensic team analyzed the DNA of the pollen found in the victim’s nose (sample A) and then compared it to the pollen found in trees in the yards of three suspects. Does the pollen match any of the three suspected sites?
No. The pollen DNA (A) is not a match for any of the three suspects.
Yes. The pollen DNA (A) matches the pollen found at site B.
Yes. The pollen DNA (A) matches the pollen found at site C.
Yes. The pollen DNA (A) matches the pollen found at site D.
Many farmers now grow insect-resistant varieties of cotton. The gene for the favorable trait, in this case, insect resistance, is transferred to the cotton’s DNA using __________.
DNA fingerprinting
tissue culture
recombinant DNA
in vitro fertilization
Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from that organism. In every gamete, this combination is:
the same because it is created from the same DNA
the same because chromosomes are copied prior to meiosis
different due to DNA replication prior to mitosis
different due to independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis I
A segment of a DNA strand is shown: 3’ AGGTCAGGT 5’. Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?
5’ AGGTCAGGT 3’
5’ ACCUGAGGU 3’
5’ TGGACTGGA 3’
5’ TCCAGTCCA 3’
Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?
Step 1: DNA Polymerase matches uracil to thymine and cytosine to guanine. Step 2: Two identical DNA double helices are produced.
Step 1: DNA Polymerase matches cytosine to thymine and uracil to guanine. Step 2: Two separate but complementary single DNA strands are produced.
Step 1: DNA Polymerase matches adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine. Step 2: Two identical DNA double helices are produced.
Step 1: DNA Polymerase matches uracil to thymine and adenine to guanine. Step 2: Two separate but complementary single DNA strands are produced.
In meiosis I, crossing over and independent assortment results in _____.
genetic diversity
a male gamete
a female gamete
an identical copy of the original parent cell
At the end of meiosis II, how does the DNA in each of the four new cells compare to the DNA from the original cell?
half as much and genetically the same as the original
twice as much and genetically the same as the original
half as much and genetically different from the original
twice as much and genetically different from the original
What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly?
the type of sugar building blocks
the sequence of nucleotides
the strength of hydrogen bonds
the strength of covalent bonds
Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?
DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins.
DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins.
DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins.
DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids.
The following image shows one of the stages of meiosis; specifically, the stage where the sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell. Which stage of meiosis is being represented in the image above?
prophase I
prophase II
metaphase I
metaphase II
