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FSS 203 Human Anatomy II Quarter Final Review

Total questions: 149

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which term describes an air-filled cavity within a bone?

a)

Fossa within compact bone

b)

Antrum or sinus space

c)

Foramen through cortical bone

d)

Condyle articular surface

2.

A tunnel-like passage or opening in a bone is called what?

a)

Foramen hole

b)

Septum wall

c)

Canal or meatus

d)

Fissure groove

3.

Which landmark is a smooth, curved articular surface on a bone?

a)

Tubercle raised bump

b)

Crest prominent ridge

c)

Condyle articular surface

d)

Head rounded projection

4.

Which term refers to a prominence located just above a condyle?

a)

Epicondyle above condyle

b)

Crest ridge feature

c)

Process bony outgrowth

d)

Fontanel infant gap

5.

A prominent ridge on a bone is best termed what?

a)

Head ball-like end

b)

Fossa shallow depression

c)

Septum dividing wall

d)

Crest bony ridge

6.

A narrow slit or groove in a bone is called a what?

a)

Fissure narrow groove

b)

Foramen circular hole

c)

Fontanel membranous gap

d)

Meatus tunnel opening

7.

Which definition matches fontanel?

a)

Unossified infant cranial area

b)

Ball-like articular projection

c)

Partition dividing a cavity

d)

Air-filled sinus in bone

8.

A hole in a bone is known as which landmark?

a)

Tuberosity raised bump

b)

Fossa bone depression

c)

Canal tunnel passage

d)

Foramen bony hole

9.

Which term specifies a depression in a bone?

a)

Crest elongated ridge

b)

Condyle smooth surface

c)

Fossa bone depression

d)

Meatus tunnel opening

10.

A ball-like articular projection on a bone is called the what?

a)

Head rounded projection

b)

Condyle curved surface

c)

Tubercle small elevation

d)

Process prominent outgrowth

11.

Which term denotes any prominent projection or outgrowth of bone?

a)

Septum dividing wall

b)

Head articular end

c)

Crest raised ridge

d)

Process bony projection

12.

A wall or partition that divides a body cavity is termed what?

a)

Foramen osseous hole

b)

Septum dividing partition

c)

Fissure narrow slit

d)

Fontanel infant membrane

13.

Which option correctly defines tubercle or tuberosity?

a)

Air-filled sinus cavity

b)

Smooth articular condyle

c)

Tunnel-like passageway

d)

Bump or elevation on bone

14.

Select all terms that are openings rather than projections.

a)

Foramen bony hole

b)

Head rounded end

c)

Fontanel cranial gap

d)

Canal or meatus tunnel

e)

Fossa shallow depression

15.

Which bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets?

a)

Temporal bone forms lower cranial sides

b)

Occipital bone forms cranial back

c)

Parietal bone forms upper cranial sides

d)

Frontal bone forms forehead and orbits

16.

The supraciliary arches are best described as which feature?

a)

Upper rims of the eye sockets

b)

Elevations above medial eyebrow ends

c)

Rounded eminences at upper forehead

d)

Prominence between the eyebrows

17.

Which pairing correctly matches a frontal bone landmark with its description?

a)

Frontal eminences—depressions near nasal bones

b)

Supraorbital margins—lower rims of the eye sockets

c)

Glabella—prominence between the eyebrows

d)

Frontal sinuses—air cavities within frontal bone

18.

Parietal bones primarily contribute to which region of the cranium?

a)

Posterior base and foramen magnum

b)

Floor of the cranial cavity

c)

Majority of upper sides and top

d)

Lower sides surrounding the ears

19.

Which temporal bone structure articulates with the condyles of the mandible?

a)

Mastoid process anchors tongue muscles

b)

Mandibular fossa receives mandibular condyles

c)

Squamous portion encloses the middle ear

d)

Zygomatic process joins the cheekbone

20.

The external auditory meatus is best characterized as what?

a)

Air cavity within ethmoid bone

b)

Tunnel from external ear to middle ear

c)

Thin plate forming nasal septum

d)

Large opening for spinal cord passage

21.

Which feature projects behind the ear on the temporal bone?

a)

Zygomatic process forward projection

b)

Mastoid process posterior projection

c)

Mandibular fossa medial depression

d)

Squamous portion superior flat part

22.

Which structure is the large opening connecting the spinal cord to the brain?

a)

Cribriform plate perforated surface

b)

External occipital protuberance tubercle

c)

Foramen magnum large opening

d)

Occipital condyles articulation points

23.

Occipital condyles articulate with which adjacent structures?

a)

Temporal bone mandibular fossa

b)

Ethmoid perpendicular plate

c)

Zygomatic bone of the face

d)

Top vertebrae at the atlas

24.

Which statement about the external occipital protuberance is accurate?

a)

Vertical projection called rooster’s comb

b)

Depression articulating with the mandible

c)

Flat superior surface with small holes

d)

Prominent tubercle on posterior surface

25.

What term refers to the top, dome-like skullcap?

a)

Ramus vertical posterior mandible

b)

Angle turn of mandibular body

c)

Calvaria dome-like skullcap

d)

Orbit eye socket of seven bones

26.

Which bones contribute portions to the orbit along with the ethmoid?

a)

Frontal, lacrimal, zygomatic

b)

Maxillary, palatine, sphenoid

c)

Parietal, occipital, temporal

d)

Mandible, hyoid, nasal

27.

Which description accurately identifies the mandibular body?

a)

Tip of the chin prominence

b)

Point where body turns upward

c)

Vertical posterior ramus portion

d)

Main horizontal anterior portion

28.

The mental eminence is commonly known as which feature?

a)

Upper rims of eye sockets

b)

Articulation with temporal bone

c)

Area where teeth are embedded

d)

Tip of the chin prominence

29.

Where are teeth embedded along the mandible?

a)

Ramus posterior vertical segment

b)

Alveolar process tooth sockets

c)

Angle turning point of body

d)

Mandibular condyle articulation area

30.

Which statement about the mandibular condyle is correct?

a)

Forms the tip of the chin prominence

b)

Articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal

c)

Thin plate forming the nasal septum

d)

Large opening linking spinal cord and brain

31.

Which property makes the hyoid bone unique among skull-associated bones?

a)

Does not directly articulate with other bones

b)

Forms the lower back of the cranium

c)

Contains perforations for olfactory nerves

d)

Articulates with the mandibular fossa

32.

Which structure is immediately inferior to the L5 vertebra and articulates with the iliac bones to form the pelvis?

a)

Sacrum formed by five vertebrae

b)

Coccyx formed by small vertebrae

c)

Manubrium of the sternum

d)

Acetabulum of the os coxae

33.

Which description best identifies the coccyx?

a)

Superior segment with jugular notch

b)

Most inferior vertebrae fused as tail bone

c)

Middle segment of the sternum body

d)

Socket of the hip joint acetabulum

34.

Which sternum segment contains the suprasternal (jugular) notch and articulates with the clavicles?

a)

Xiphoid process inferior

b)

Body middle segment

c)

Sternal angle joint area

d)

Manubrium superior segment

35.

How are true ribs distinguished from false ribs?

a)

True ribs attach directly to sternum

b)

False ribs are upper seven pairs

c)

False ribs attach to sternum body

d)

True ribs lack anterior cartilage

36.

Which statement about ribs 11–12 is accurate?

a)

They are floating ribs without anterior cartilage

b)

They form the suprasternal notch

c)

They articulate directly with the sternum

d)

They attach to cartilage of rib above

37.

Which bone is the collar bone with a medial end articulating with the manubrium and a lateral end joining the scapula?

a)

Clavicle paired bone

b)

Humerus long bone

c)

Ulna medial bone

d)

Radius lateral bone

38.

Which landmarks are found on the inferior end of the humerus forming part of the elbow joint?

a)

Condyles curved articular surfaces

b)

Head ball-like superior end

c)

Acetabulum hip socket

d)

Tibial crest anterior ridge

39.

What is the significance of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

a)

Creates inside ankle bone

b)

Articulates with tibia

c)

Forms shoulder joint

d)

Protects the ulnar nerve

40.

Which forearm bone is medial and features the olecranon process forming the point of the elbow?

a)

Radius lateral forearm

b)

Ulna medial forearm

c)

Tibia medial leg

d)

Fibula lateral leg

41.

Which components fuse to form each os coxae in the pelvic girdle?

a)

Femur, tibia, patella

b)

Clavicle, manubrium, radius

c)

Sacrum, coccyx, ilium

d)

Ilium, ischium, pubis

42.

Where do the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet to form the hip joint socket?

a)

Acetabulum of the hip

b)

Manubrium of sternum

c)

Olecranon of ulna

d)

Malleolus of tibia

43.

Which bone is the longest and strongest in the body and articulates at the knee via medial and lateral condyles?

a)

Radius forearm

b)

Humerus upper arm

c)

Tibia lower leg

d)

Femur upper leg

44.

Which structure supports the femoral head and is a common site for fractures?

a)

Xiphoid process of sternum

b)

Medial malleolus distal tibia

c)

Tibial crest on anterior margin

d)

Femoral neck between head and shaft

45.

What type of bone is the patella and where is it formed?

a)

Short within wrist

b)

Flat within pelvis

c)

Sesamoid within tendon

d)

Irregular within vertebra

46.

Which feature is a pronounced ridge on the anterior margin of the tibia, commonly called the shin?

a)

Medial malleolus projection

b)

Femoral condyle surface

c)

Olecranon process tip

d)

Tibial crest prominent ridge

47.

Which distal projection of the tibia is often called the inside ankle bone?

a)

Acetabulum hip socket

b)

Xiphoid process inferior sternum

c)

Lateral epicondyle humerus

d)

Medial malleolus distal tibia

48.

Select ALL correct statements about rib classifications.

a)

True ribs are upper seven pairs

b)

False ribs are lower five pairs

c)

Pairs 11–12 lack anterior cartilage

d)

Pairs 8–10 attach to rib above

49.

Which statement best defines an articulation (joint) in the human body?

a)

A cavity where synovial fluid is produced

b)

A space where muscles attach to skeletal bones

c)

A point of union between bones or cartilage

d)

A movable hinge between any two soft tissues

50.

Which joints are correctly matched with mobility and examples?

a)

Amphiarthroses—slightly movable—pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

b)

Synarthroses—immovable—cranial sutures, sternocostal joints

c)

Synarthroses—freely movable—sacroiliac articulation

d)

Diarthroses—freely movable—shoulder, elbow, wrist

51.

Which feature characterizes amphiarthroses?

a)

Permit significant motion in a joint capsule

b)

Movement is not intended at these joints

c)

Fuse cranial bones during infancy

d)

Allow slight movement, often with cartilage

52.

Which description accurately distinguishes diarthroses from synarthroses?

a)

Diarthroses are immovable, synarthroses are freely movable

b)

Diarthroses are slightly movable, synarthroses are immovable

c)

Diarthroses fuse bones, synarthroses separate bones with cartilage

d)

Diarthroses allow significant movement within a capsule, synarthroses are immovable

53.

Which pairing of joint type and example is incorrect?

a)

Synarthrosis—cranial suture

b)

Amphiarthrosis—pubic symphysis

c)

Diarthrosis—elbow hinge

d)

Synarthrosis—shoulder ball-and-socket

54.

What are cranial sutures?

a)

Membrane-filled spaces in infant skulls

b)

The points where cranial bones fuse

c)

Freely movable joints between skull bones

d)

Cartilage pads between parietal bones

55.

Which statement about fontanelles is accurate?

a)

They are unfused, membrane-filled spaces in infants

b)

They are synovial sacs around diarthroses

c)

They are adult fusion lines between cranial bones

d)

They are cartilaginous pads of amphiarthroses

56.

Where is the anterior fontanelle located?

a)

Between occipital and temporal bones

b)

Between sphenoid and maxilla bones

c)

Between parietal and mandible bones

d)

Between frontal and parietal bones

57.

Which primary action is correctly paired with the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

a)

Flexes and adducts the wrist

b)

Rotates head to opposite side; flexes neck

c)

Extends the thigh; restores erect posture

d)

Flexes and supinates the forearm

58.

Intercostal muscles primarily perform which role in the thorax?

a)

Adduct the thigh powerfully

b)

Supinate the forearm

c)

Extend the shoulder joint

d)

Form and move the chest wall

59.

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

a)

Major muscle of breathing

b)

Primary supinator of the forearm

c)

Powerful hip adductor

d)

Anatomical guide for neck vessels

60.

Which statement best describes the gluteus maximus?

a)

Forms and moves the chest wall

b)

Extends the thigh; causes body to regain erect position

c)

Flexes and adducts the wrist

d)

Flexes and supinates the forearm

61.

Where is the sartorius located relative to the femoral triangle?

a)

Lateral border of the femoral triangle

b)

Medial wall of the femoral triangle

c)

Posterior floor of the femoral triangle

d)

Anterior apex of the femoral triangle

62.

Which pair of origin and insertion is correct for biceps brachii?

a)

Scapula (two heads) to upper forearm

b)

Lumbar vertebrae to femur

c)

Medial epicondyle to base of 2nd metacarpal

d)

Medial and lateral condyles to calcaneus

63.

Which muscles are directly involved in breathing mechanics?

a)

Diaphragm

b)

Intercostals

c)

Gluteus maximus

d)

Sternocleidomastoid

64.

Which feature correctly characterizes the sternocleidomastoid?

a)

Forms a common tendon with soleus

b)

Latin for two-headed muscle of the arm

c)

Accessory muscle of respiration; neck vessel guide

d)

Large triangular muscle on medial thigh

65.

Which muscle pair primarily acts on the wrist joint?

a)

Teres major and biceps brachii

b)

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

c)

Gastrocnemius and sartorius

d)

Adductor longus and adductor magnus

66.

Which description best matches adductor magnus?

a)

Flexes and supinates the forearm

b)

Forms and moves the chest wall

c)

Powerful adductor; also a rotator and hip extender

d)

Extends the thigh; restores erect posture

67.

Gastrocnemius inserts into which structure and is primarily involved in which activities?

a)

Upper forearm; elbow supination

b)

Calcaneus via Achilles; running and jumping

c)

Femur; leg movement

d)

Base of 2nd metacarpal; wrist flexion

68.

Which field specifically studies the blood vascular and lymphatic systems?

a)

Neurology and endocrinology

b)

Immunology and serology

c)

Angiology and lymphology

d)

Cardiology and hematology

69.

Which component primarily transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide?

a)

Erythrocytes via hemoglobin

b)

Leukocytes in plasma

c)

Platelets via clotting factors

d)

Plasma proteins binding gases

70.

Which items are carried by plasma to cells?

a)

Minerals and hormones

b)

Nitrogenous wastes

c)

Proteins and vitamins

d)

Carbohydrates and fats

71.

Which route best describes removal of metabolic wastes?

a)

To lungs for exhalation

b)

To kidneys for excretion

c)

To spleen for storage

d)

To liver for oxygenation

72.

Which mechanisms contribute to regulation by the circulatory system?

a)

Controlling body temperature

b)

Initiating nerve impulses

c)

Balancing fluid and salts

d)

Buffering blood pH

73.

Which statement about body temperature management is most accurate?

a)

Skin stores heat long term

b)

Heat produced in liver is trapped

c)

Heat from muscles is dispersed

d)

Kidneys generate cooling

74.

Which protective roles are correctly attributed to blood?

a)

Plasma dissolves pathogens

b)

Erythrocytes neutralize toxins

c)

Leukocytes combat infection

d)

Clotting limits blood loss

75.

Which description matches normal blood pH?

a)

6.8 to 7.0, strongly acidic

b)

7.0 exactly, neutral

c)

7.35 to 7.45, slightly alkaline

d)

7.8 to 8.2, highly alkaline

76.

How does blood viscosity compare to water?

a)

Ten times that of water

b)

Equal to water

c)

4.5 to 5.5 times water

d)

Two times that of water

77.

Which set correctly lists typical adult blood properties?

a)

Temperature near 38°C

b)

Volume about 5–6 quarts

c)

pH between 6.5 and 7.0

d)

Specific gravity around 1.041–1.067

78.

Which statement best describes erythrocytes?

a)

Cytoplasmic fragments sealing vessel breaks

b)

Nucleated spheres transporting antibodies

c)

Bi-concave discs without nuclei

d)

Granule-rich cells releasing heparin

79.

Which formed element primarily defends against infection?

a)

Erythrocytes transporting gases

b)

Leukocytes with nuclei

c)

Thrombocytes forming plugs

d)

Plasma proteins only

80.

Platelets are best described as:

a)

Irregular cytoplasmic fragments

b)

Nucleated immune cells

c)

Whole cells with mitochondria

d)

Biconcave oxygen carriers

81.

Which process allows leukocytes to leave blood vessels?

a)

Pinocytosis of plasma fluids

b)

Diapedesis through vessel walls

c)

Endocytosis of antigens

d)

Hemolysis through membrane rupture

82.

Which pair correctly matches granulocyte subtype with a function?

a)

Eosinophils—antibody synthesis

b)

Basophils—produce heparin

c)

Lymphocytes—intravasacular clotting

d)

Neutrophils—oxygen transport

83.

Which leukocyte subtype is an agranulocyte?

a)

Eosinophil phagocyte

b)

Neutrophil phagocyte

c)

Lymphocyte immunity cell

d)

Basophil heparin cell

84.

What percentage of blood is typically plasma?

a)

About twenty percent

b)

Around fifty-five percent

c)

Near five percent

d)

Approximately ninety percent

85.

Which is most numerous among blood cells?

a)

Stem cells in marrow

b)

Erythrocytes transporting gases

c)

Thrombocytes forming clots

d)

Leukocytes defending tissues

86.

Arrange the first three steps of coagulation in correct order.

a)

Fibrin formation, platelet plug, vessel contraction

b)

Vessel contraction, platelet plug, fibrin formation

c)

Platelet plug, fibrinolysis, vessel contraction

d)

Platelet plug, vessel contraction, fibrin formation

87.

Which pathway is triggered by chemicals from damaged tissues?

a)

Intrinsic pathway activation

b)

Extrinsic pathway initiation

c)

Common pathway termination

d)

Fibrinolytic pathway start

88.

Fibrinolysis primarily involves:

a)

Heparin forming fibrin strands

b)

Globulins aggregating platelets

c)

Plasmin breaking down fibrin

d)

Albumin sealing vessel walls

89.

Which anticoagulants are naturally present in blood under normal conditions?

a)

Albumin and globulin

b)

Glucose and bicarbonate

c)

Fibrinogen and plasmin

d)

Antithrombin and heparin

90.

Which component is removed to produce serum from plasma?

a)

Cellular fragments

b)

Water and gases

c)

Clotting factors

d)

Inorganic salts

91.

Which list best represents dissolved substances in plasma?

a)

Gases, wastes, other molecules

b)

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

c)

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies

d)

Proteins, inorganic salts, nutrients

92.

Blood grouping relies on the presence or absence of which molecules on erythrocyte surfaces?

a)

Agglutinogens acting as antigens

b)

Antibodies binding fibrin

c)

Heparins preventing clots

d)

Globulins transporting gases

93.

Which layer of the heart is primarily responsible for contraction and pumping blood?

a)

Pericardium fibrous protective sac

b)

Epicardium outer serous membrane

c)

Myocardium middle muscular layer

d)

Endocardium inner endothelial layer

94.

Where is the heart located within the body?

a)

In the abdominal cavity near liver

b)

In the cranial cavity beneath skull

c)

In the pelvic cavity behind bladder

d)

In the thoracic cavity within mediastinum

95.

Which statement correctly distinguishes atria from ventricles?

a)

Atria are superior receiving chambers

b)

Ventricles are chambers that receive from lungs

c)

Atria are inferior pumping chambers

d)

Ventricles are superior receiving chambers

96.

Which septum separates the atria from the ventricles?

a)

Intercostal septum

b)

Atrial septum

c)

Atrio-ventricular septum

d)

Ventricular septum

97.

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

a)

At exit of right ventricle into pulmonary trunk

b)

Between left atrium and left ventricle

c)

Between right atrium and right ventricle

d)

At exit of left ventricle into aorta

98.

Which valve prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle?

a)

Pulmonary semilunar valve at trunk

b)

Aortic semilunar valve at aorta

c)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve two cusps

d)

Tricuspid valve with three cusps

99.

Chordae tendineae attached to papillary muscles serve which function for AV valves?

a)

Anchor valve leaflets to prevent inversion

b)

Open semilunar cusps during systole

c)

Delay impulse at AV node transmission

d)

Increase ventricular ejection pressure

100.

Which set correctly matches circulation type and primary pathway?

a)

Pulmonary: right ventricle to lungs

b)

Pulmonary: left ventricle to body

c)

Systemic: right ventricle to lungs

d)

Systemic: left ventricle to body

101.

During the cardiac cycle, what initiates atrial systole?

a)

Contraction of ventricular walls

b)

Closure of semilunar valves

c)

Signal at atrio-ventricular node

d)

Impulse from sino-atrial node

102.

What is the role of the atrio-ventricular (AV) node in conduction?

a)

Sends impulse down ventricular walls

b)

Starts impulse in right atrium

c)

Controls semilunar valve opening

d)

Spreads signal to both atria

103.

Which statement best describes ventricular systole?

a)

Phase only in left ventricle contraction

b)

Phase initiated by SA node firing

c)

Phase when both ventricles contract

d)

Phase of ventricular relaxation

104.

Which heart layer lines the interior chambers with endothelium?

a)

Endocardium inner endothelial lining

b)

Myocardium thick muscular layer

c)

Pericardium tough fibrous covering

d)

Epicardium serous outer lining

105.

Which valves are classified as semilunar?

a)

Tricuspid valve between right chambers

b)

Mitral valve between left chambers

c)

Aortic valve at left ventricular exit

d)

Pulmonary valve at right ventricular exit

106.

Which pairing of chamber and function is correct?

a)

Left ventricle: pumps to body

b)

Right atrium: receives systemic return

c)

Left atrium: receives pulmonary return

d)

Right ventricle: pumps to lungs

107.

Which structural feature divides the two ventricles?

a)

Ventricular septum between ventricles

b)

Atrio-ventricular septum wall

c)

Chordae tendineae cords

d)

Atrial septum between atria

108.

Which structure receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus?

a)

Left ventricle chamber

b)

Right ventricle chamber

c)

Right atrium chamber

d)

Left atrium chamber

109.

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through which valve?

a)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

b)

Aortic semilunar valve

c)

Tricuspid valve

d)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

110.

What is the immediate destination of blood pumped by the right ventricle during systole?

a)

Coronary arteries

b)

Left atrium chamber

c)

Aorta to body tissues

d)

Pulmonary trunk to lungs

111.

Which vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

a)

Bronchial veins

b)

Coronary veins

c)

Pulmonary arteries

d)

Pulmonary veins

112.

Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle through which valve?

a)

Aortic semilunar valve

b)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

c)

Tricuspid valve

d)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

113.

Which valve opens as the left ventricle ejects blood into systemic circulation?

a)

Aortic semilunar valve

b)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

c)

Tricuspid valve leaflet

d)

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

114.

Which combination of tunics forms the wall of an artery?

a)

Media and adventitia only

b)

Intima, media, adventitia

c)

Intima and media layers

d)

Intima only layers

115.

What feature is characteristic of veins compared to arteries?

a)

Thicker muscular walls

b)

Nourished by vasa vasorum

c)

Contain valves sometimes

d)

Carry blood away

116.

Which vessels are the primary site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange?

a)

Venules conduits

b)

Elastic arteries

c)

Capillaries networks

d)

Arterioles branches

117.

What term describes the union of distal ends of two arteries providing alternative pathways?

a)

Collateral circulation

b)

Anastomosis

c)

Portal system

d)

Vasa vasorum

118.

Which statement best defines collateral circulation?

a)

Arteries feeding only muscles

b)

Veins draining into portal

c)

Two or more vessels supplying

d)

Single vessel supplying tissue

119.

Which arteries branch from the ascending aorta to supply the myocardium?

a)

Common carotids pair

b)

Subclavian arteries pair

c)

Brachiocephalic trunk

d)

Coronary arteries pair

120.

Which three branches arise from the arch of the aorta?

a)

Brachiocephalic trunk

b)

Left common carotid artery

c)

Left subclavian artery

d)

Right coronary artery

e)

Inferior phrenic artery

121.

Which are parietal branches of the descending thoracic aorta?

a)

Bronchial arteries

b)

Esophageal arteries

c)

Pericardial arteries

d)

Posterior intercostals

e)

Superior phrenics

122.

Which unpaired visceral branches originate from the abdominal aorta?

a)

Celiac trunk

b)

Renal arteries

c)

Inferior mesenteric artery

d)

Gonadal arteries

e)

Superior mesenteric artery

123.

Which organ group is primarily supplied by the celiac trunk?

a)

Kidneys and adrenals

b)

Stomach and liver

c)

Posterior thorax

d)

Pelvic viscera

124.

Which paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta supply paired abdominal organs?

a)

Gonadal arteries

b)

Renal arteries

c)

Common iliacs

d)

Suprarenal arteries

e)

Inferior mesenteric

125.

Which arteries directly supply the brain via the carotid bifurcation?

a)

Basilar artery trunk

b)

External carotid trunks

c)

Internal carotid trunks

d)

Vertebral artery pair

126.

Which vessels form the Circle of Willis at the brain base?

a)

Right and left external carotids

b)

Right and left vertebral arteries

c)

Subclavian artery branches

d)

Right and left internal carotids

e)

Basilar artery branches

127.

Identify the correct arterial path to the hand in the upper limb.

a)

Subclavian to axillary

b)

Axillary to brachial

c)

All of the above path

d)

Brachial to radial/ulnar

128.

Which artery sequence leads blood to the foot from the abdomen?

a)

External iliac to femoral

b)

Common iliac to femoral

c)

Popliteal to tibial arteries

d)

Femoral to popliteal

129.

Which structure drains the thoracic walls into venous circulation?

a)

Azygous system

b)

Portal system

c)

Hepatic veins

d)

Lumbar veins

130.

Which veins unite to form the superior vena cava?

a)

Hepatic portal vein

b)

Renal veins pair

c)

Brachiocephalic veins

d)

Common iliac veins

131.

Which statement correctly describes the hepatic portal system?

a)

Formed by jugular veins

b)

Carries blood to kidneys

c)

Unites digestive organ veins

d)

Directly drains to IVC

132.

Which venous structure drains the brain and leads to the internal jugular vein?

a)

Dural venous sinuses

b)

Superior sagittal artery

c)

External jugular vein

d)

Azygous vein trunk

133.

Which statement best describes lymph formation in tissues?

a)

Red blood cells leak from arterioles to form lymph

b)

Interstitial fluid enters lymphatic vessels as lymph

c)

Blood plasma enters venules to form lymph

d)

Capillary endothelial cells secrete lymph actively

134.

Excess accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial space is called what?

a)

Ischemia

b)

Ascites

c)

Effusion

d)

Edema

135.

Which body region is primarily drained by the right lymphatic duct?

a)

Superior left quadrant of the body

b)

Both inferior quadrants of the body

c)

Inferior left quadrant of the body

d)

Superior right quadrant of the body

136.

The thoracic duct begins at which structure before ascending to drain most of the body?

a)

Cisterna chyli

b)

Carotid sinus

c)

Aortic hiatus

d)

Hepatic portal

137.

Select the regions predominantly drained by the thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct).

a)

Inferior right quadrant

b)

Superior left quadrant

c)

Superior right quadrant

d)

Inferior left quadrant

138.

Which statement about lymph nodes is accurate?

a)

They produce insulin for glucose regulation

b)

They filter lymph and cluster in axilla, groin, neck

c)

They store bile and attach to the duodenum

d)

They generate chyle in the small intestine

139.

Lacteals in the small intestine primarily function to absorb what, producing a milky fluid called chyle?

a)

Proteins

b)

Minerals

c)

Fats

d)

Simple sugars

140.

Which lymphoid organ is located behind the sternum and is essential for lymphocyte development?

a)

Spleen

b)

Tonsils

c)

Pancreas

d)

Thymus gland

141.

Which sequence correctly orders early human development from ovulation to implantation?

a)

Fertilization, ovulation, cleavage, blastocyst, implantation

b)

Ovulation, fertilization, morula, blastocyst, zygote

c)

Ovulation, fertilization, cleavage, morula, implantation

d)

Ovulation, zygote, cleavage, morula, implantation

142.

During fertilization, what structure is formed when a single sperm unites with an ovum?

a)

Blastocyst

b)

Morula

c)

Zygote

d)

Embryo

143.

Cleavage in early development most accurately describes which process?

a)

Transformation of morula into blastocyst

b)

Attachment of blastocyst to endometrium

c)

Rapid cell divisions forming a morula

d)

Release of the ovum from an ovary

144.

Implantation typically occurs how many days after fertilization?

a)

3–5 days after fertilization

b)

10–14 days after fertilization

c)

15–20 days after fertilization

d)

7–9 days after fertilization

145.

Which primary germ layer predominantly gives rise to nerve tissue including brain and spinal cord?

a)

Ectoderm (outer)

b)

Mesoderm (middle)

c)

Endoderm (inner)

d)

Trophoblast (outer)

146.

Which derivatives are chiefly formed from the mesoderm?

a)

Connective tissue and muscle tissue

b)

Epidermis and nasal epithelium

c)

Blood vessels epithelium and body cavities

d)

Alimentary canal epithelium and bladder

147.

Which structures primarily arise from the endoderm germ layer?

a)

Epidermis of the skin

b)

Alimentary canal epithelium

c)

Ureters epithelium

d)

Respiratory system epithelium

148.

For what period is the developing human termed an embryo?

a)

From conception until birth

b)

First two lunar months only

c)

First trimester exclusively

d)

Third lunar month onward

149.

Which statement best distinguishes an embryo from a fetus in human development?

a)

Fetus only during implantation

b)

Embryo first two lunar months

c)

Fetus before two lunar months

d)

Embryo after third lunar month