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WorksheetsBiology finals practice sem 1
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 58mins
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells are bigger than animal cells
Animal cells are bigger than plant cells
Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Animal cells have chloroplasts; plant cells do not.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?
Oxygen is the food for respiration
Oxygen stores energy
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
Oxygen creates glucose
An active cell, that requires a huge amount of energy every second, like the ones in the wall of your heart, will have a lot of which organelle?
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Choose the correct gas released in photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What is the main function of photosynthesis?
To make proteins.
To make carbon dioxide and warm up the earth.
To make high-energy electrons.
To make the sun's energy available to the entire living world.
Which of the following is a function of mitosis?
Growth and repair
Sexual reproduction
Cellular respiration
Movement
What is ATP synthase?
A membrane protein that breaks down ATP to synthesize energy.
A channel protein located on the membrane that spins to synthesize ATP
A molecule that is present in the cytoplasm that breaks down ATP.
An electron carrier located in the electron transport chain.
Choose the correct difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight
Cellular respiration requires sunlight
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require sunlight
Photosynthesis happens in animal cells
New biosensors applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that are about to "hit the wall" because of the accumulation of a particular compound in the muscles of the athletes. What do you think is that compound?
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid
Ethyl alcohol
Which of the following is the energy currency of the cell?
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
ATP
Which of the following is the correct overall balanced equation for aerobic respiration?
CO₂ + H₂O + ATP → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
G1, S, and G2 together form which of the following stages of the cell cycle?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
Telophase
What is one function of the nucleus?
To make energy
To break down glucose
To carry the genetic material
To do photosynthesis
At which stage of cellular respiration is most of the ATP released?
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Lactic acid fermentation
Electron transport chain
Where do the two sets of chromosomes in a diploid cell come from?
Both sets from one parent
Due to the effect of UV radiation
1 set from each parent
from the DNA mutation
In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using a Punnett square as shown. Which box in the punnett square would represent NOT having freckles?
box 1
box 2
box 4
box 3
How do cancer cells bypass the Hayflick limit that defines the maximum number of times a normal cell can divide in its lifetime?
cancer cells lose chromosomes after dividing
cancer cells repair their telomere after every division
cancer cells lose telomere after every division
cancer cells can grow in size indefinitely
Which of the following cells will be the most efficient in transporting materials in and out of the cell?
cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 3:1
cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 1:3
cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 3:7
cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 1:4
Which of the following is true for active transport?
Active transport requires energy
Active transport does not require energy
Active transport happens along the concentration gradient
Active transport happens only in plant cells
Prolonged exposure to carcinogens can result in the accumulation of DNA mutations in genes of human cells. This has the potential to turn into cancerous growths. Which of the following events will expose you to a carcinogen?
drying your hair with a hairdryer
wearing sunscreen lotion on a sunny day
smoking cigarettes of any kind or vaping
eating organically grown carrots
What does the Germ Theory of Diseases imply?
diseases spread quickly from one organism to another
diseases can be prevented by personal hygiene
antibiotics can kill most of the germs
diseases are caused by microscopic organisms like bacteria
Karyotypes can be used to detect genetic abnormalities in a patient by mapping
chromosomes in decreasing order of size
chromosomes in increasing order of size
randomly scattered chromosomes
proteins in increasing order of structural complexity
What is the role of a receptor in maintaining homeostasis?
It receives messages sent by the control center.
It carries out a response to restore internal conditions.
It detects stimuli and sends information to the control center.
It compares current conditions with ideal values for those conditions.
Round seeds (R) are dominant in pea plants over wrinkled seeds (r). What is the only possible genotype of a wrinkled seed?
rr
RR
Rr
rR
Which of these is a part of the cell theory?
Most cells arise from existing cells.
All living things are made of one cell.
Cells are nonliving units that make up organisms.
Cells are the most basic units of life.
The mechanism by which cells self-destruct in case of irreparable damage is known as:
Chromosomes
Apoptosis
Photosynthesis
Mitosis
Meiosis creates which of the following?
Two diploid cells
Four diploid cells
Four haploid cells
Two haploid cells
Differentiated cells remain in a non-dividing phase for most of their lifetime. This phase is called the-
Cytokinesis
G-0
M-phase
G-1
An example of meiosis is -
Healing of an injury
Skin cells dividing
Eggs made in ovaries
Liver cells regenerating
DNA is replicated in which phase of the cell cycle?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
Prophase
What is the correct description of the structure of a cell membrane?
Protein molecules
Phospholipid bilayer
Carbohydrate chains
Nitrogenous bases
Chromosome number of frog is 26. What is the chromosome number in a sperm cell of frog?
26
52
13
28
In humans, being a tongue roller (R) is dominant over non-roller (r). Identify the genotype that will result in non-roller phenotype?
Rr
RR
TT
rr
A disadvantage of adult stem cells is that
The cells are partially differentiated so they can only differentiate into a limited variety of cells.
The stem cells cannot be cultured in vitro.
Stem cells are to be found in specific locations in the body like bone marrow.
Stem cells will contain DNA abnormalities because they are taken from cancerous tissue.
Choose the heterozygous genotype from the following.
HH
Hh
hh
TT
What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
3:1
1:2:1
9:3:3:1
1:2:2:1
Identify the hormone responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in humans.
Insulin
Estrogen
Adrenaline
Choose the correct location of cellular respiration in a cell -
Vacuoles
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What happens to cells after differentiation?
They gain the ability to build entire organisms.
They develop into haploid cells.
They become stem cells.
They become specialized to do one function.
Which of the following organelles is a site for protein synthesis?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Water requires specialized protein channels to cross the cell membrane. Identify the proteins that make up these channels.
ATP synthase
Aquaporin
Proton pump
Phospholipid bilayer
Placing a cell in which of the following solutions will cause equal amounts of water to move in and out and hence result in a no shape change?
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
supersonic
Which of the following is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?
Body temperature
Blood pressure
Child birth
Blood glucose
Green plants have openings in their leaves through which gases enter and exit. What are these openings/pores called?
Tomato
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Stomata
What does DNA store?
hereditary information
fat
carbohydrates
energy
Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?
Happens faster
Yields a lot more ATP
Has less number of steps
Happens during the daytime
Which of the following does homeostasis most directly relate to?
interacting systems
evolution
stability
scale and structure
In corn, normal kernels are dominant to waxy kernels. If you crossed a waxy kernel plant to a homozygous normal kernel plant, what is the probability of offspring having normal kernels?
100%
25%
75%
50%
In humans brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. What is the probability of getting a blue eyed offspring if a heterozygous brown eyed man has a child with a heterozygous brown eyed woman?
25%
50%
75%
100%
In garden peas, round peas are dominant to wrinkled peas. If you cross a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive what would be the percentage of round peas in the offspring?
75%
25%
50%
100%
A widow's peak hairline is dominant to a straight hairline. In a marriage between a heterozygous widow's peak hairline person to a straight hairline person, what is the probability of their children having straight hairline?
100%
25%
75%
50%
Why were pea plants a good choice for Mendel's series of experiments on the heredity of traits?
They take a long time to grow
They displayed contrasting pairs of characters
It is unethical to grow pea plants
Pea plants are colorful and pretty
Choose the correct similarity between mitosis and meiosis.
Both are modes of cell division
Both have at least one interphase
Both happen only in eukaryotes
All of the above
Which Mendelian principle states that alleles separate during gamete formation?
Law of independent assortment
Law of dominance
Law of segregation
Law of gametogenesis
A plant that has purple flowers is crossed with one that has white flowers. The offspring were half white and half purple. What were the genotypes of the parents?
Pp x pp
Pp x Pp
Why are alleles paired in diploid organisms?
There are two sets of chromosomes
Alleles are duplicated during cell division
There is one set of chromosomes
Alleles are formed as a result of gene mutation
Which of the following is a representation of homozygous recessive genotype?
AA
Aa
aa
WW
Which of the following is the phenotype for Tt if tall (T) is dominant and dwarf (t) is the recessive allele?
Green
Yellow
Dwarf
Tall
What is the genotype ratio when a heterozygous purple flower (Pp) is crossed with another heterozygous purple flower (Pp)?
PP Pp pp 1 : 2 : 1
PP pp 3 : 1
Pp PP pp 1 : 2 : 1
Pp pp 1 : 1
Identify one source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Mitotic division
Random fertilization
Cell cycle controls
Gametogenesis
One speciality of meiosis absent in mitosis is -
Genetic variation
DNA duplication
Spindle fibers
Daughter cells
Independent assortment of chromosomes occur in which meiotic phase?
Prophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 1
Metaphase 2
Which of the following can result from uneven crossing over?
Gene duplication
Gene deletion
Both gene deletion and duplication
Pyrimidine dimer
Identify the stage of meiosis in the diagram below:
Metaphase 2
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 2
Anaphase 1
Genes can be called 'linked' if they:
do not code for life-supporting proteins
are located far away from each other on sister chromatids
are located close to each other on the same chromatid
are duplicated on non-sister chromatids
What can you conclude about the karyotype given below?
This is a normal female karyotype
There is an extra sex chromosome
There is an extra autosome
This is a normal male karyotype
Which hypothesis about cells was later found to be wrong by scientists?
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
All organisms are made of cells and cell products.
Cells are formed spontaneously by free-cell formation.
Plant cells and animal cells share basic structural similarities.
Which of these best explains the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes have simpler cells and can only be unicellular.
Eukaryotes have simpler cells and can be either unicellular or multicellular.
Eukaryotes have more complicated cells and can only be multicellular.
Eukaryotes have more complex cells and can be either unicellular or multicellular.
Which phrase best describes the process of crossing over?
Pairs of sister chromatids become linked.
Pairs of sister chromatids exchange segments.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes become linked.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments.
Why can the chromosomes given below be considered homologous?
They have the same genes at the same loci
They are of the same color
They are both chromosomes with genes on them
They both duplicate during S-phase
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in animal cells?
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
What is the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
Production of gametes
Growth and tissue repair
Energy production
Photosynthesis
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell?
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Ribosome
What is the function of stem cells in multicellular organisms?
Transport oxygen
Store genetic information
Differentiate into specialized cell types
Produce hormones
Which process allows water to move across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Osmosis
Active transport
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to the middle of the chromosomes
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
What pulls the chromosomes apart?
Spinner wheels
Spiral windows
Spindle fibers
Spiral fibers
B is:
C is:
B: centromere
C: chromosome
B: chromatid
C: centromere
B: centromere
C: chromatid
B: chromosome
C: chromatid
How many nuclei can you see in this picture?
10
2
8
15
A HAPLOID Human cell has...
1 set of chromosomes
2 sets of chromosomes
3 sets of chromosomes
4 sets of chromosomes
The diagram shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms.
What is the name of this process?
meiosis
mitosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
What phase of the cell cycle is this cell in?
(a)
