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DNA Structure, Replication, Protein Synthesis, Meiosis

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

2.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

3.

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?

a)

because DNA can't leave the nucleus

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

4.

How many codons equals 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

5.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

6.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

a)

AUGCAAUGA

b)

ATGCAATGA

c)

AUGGATUGA

d)

TACGTTACT

7.

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA? (Choose all that are correct.)

a)

DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses ribose sugar

b)

DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

c)

DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

d)

DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

8.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

9.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

10.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
11.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
12.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
13.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
14.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
15.
How many base pairs would be needed to chain together 3 amino acids?
a)
3
b)
6
c)
9
d)
12
16.

In human gametes, the haploid number of chromosomes is


(a)  
Choose from the below words
23
46
69
92
17.

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes)

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

18.

In Metaphase II, _________ line up on equatorial plane.

a)

homologous pairs of chromosomes

b)

single chromosomes (made up of 2 sister chromatids)

c)

tetrads

d)

centrosomes

19.

Meiosis results in?

a)

2 identical daughter cells

known as somatic cells

b)

3 daughter cells and 1 egg cell

c)

4 different daughter cells known as gametes

d)

8 identical gametes

20.

Which of the following are CORRECT observations about the differences between MITOSIS and MEIOSIS? (Check all that apply.)

a)

Mitosis produces cells that are identical to the parent cell.

b)

Meiosis produces cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

c)

All cells go through INTERPHASE as part of the cell cycle, whether it goes to mitosis or meiosis next.

d)

In both types of cell division, the chromosomes are only duplicated once.

e)

Only in Mitosis, do you see chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad.

21.
Which of the following is NOT a part of mitosis?
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
interphase
22.
The end of meiosis results in  ____ to each other.
a)
2 cells that are identical
b)
4 cells that are identical
c)
2 cells that are not identical
d)
4 cells that are not identical
23.
When does the genetic material get replicated?
a)
G2
b)
metaphase
c)
S phase
d)
anaphase
24.

Match the following:

a)

sperm

1.

male gamete

b)

egg

2.

female gamete

c)

zygote

3.

diploid

d)

gamete

4.

haploid

e)

meiosis

5.

formation of gametes

25.

In this diagram homologous chromosomes are moving to opposite poles of the cell. What phase is  shown in the diagram?

a)

anaphase 1

b)

anaphase 2

c)

metaphase 1

d)

telophase 1

26.
What phase is shown here?
a)

Prophase II

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Metaphase II

d)

Anaphase I

27.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase I
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
 Metaphase I
28.

What stage of meiosis is this?

a)

Prophase 1

b)

prophase 2

c)

Metaphase 1

d)

Metaphase 2

29.

In mitosis, one parent cell produces ​ (a)   ​ (b)   diploid daughter cells while in meiosis, one parent cell produces ​ (c)   ​ (d)   haploid daughter cells.

Choose from the below words
two
identical
four
different
30.

Mitosis takes place in ​​​​​ (a)   cells while meiosis takes place in reproductive organs and produces ​ ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
somatic
gametes
somatic and gametes
31.

What stage of meiosis is depicted?

a)

prophase 1

b)

anaphase 1

c)

anaphase 2

d)

telophase 2

32.

Which of the following is an important part of Interphase?

a)

Growth and DNA replication

b)

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

c)

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

d)

Cytoplasm divides

33.

Which of the following are matched correctly?

a)

Somatic cells are haploid and Gamete cells are diploid

b)

Somatic cells are haploid and Gamete cells are haploid

c)

Somatic cells are diploid and Gamete cells are haploid

d)

Somatic cells are diploid and Gamete cells are diploid

34.

What phase of meiosis is this?

a)

prophase 1

b)

Metaphase 2

c)

telophase 2

d)

anaphase 1

35.

Why is crossing-over important?

a)

It starts the process of Mitosis

b)

It allows for identical copies of chromosomes

c)

It allows for genetically diverse chromosomes

d)

Meiosis results in 4 identical daughter cells

36.

There are three different types of RNA.

The function of mRNA is to...

a)

read the DNA code

b)

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

c)

assemble the amino acids into proteins

37.

There are three different types of RNA.

The function of tRNA is to...

a)

read the DNA code

b)

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

c)

assemble the amino acids into proteins

38.

There are three different types of RNA.

The function of rRNA is to...

a)

read the DNA code.

b)

bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

c)

assemble the amino acids into proteins.

39.

When and why does DNA need to replicate?

a)

DNA replicates before protein synthesis can happen.

b)

DNA only replicates in order to mutate.

c)

It replicates before mitosis and meiosis so all cells can have the correct amount of DNA for their ultimate function.

d)

none of the above

40.

What is a nucleotide made of?

a)

one glycerol and three fatty acids molecules

b)

an amino group and a carboxyl group

c)

monosaccharides and disaccharides

d)

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

41.
What is a gene?
a)
A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
b)
A chromosome
c)
A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
d)
Your genome
42.

The original DNA is: A G A G A G A G

Which answer choices shows a SUBSTITUTION mutation in the original DNA?

a)

A G T G A G A G

b)

A G A G G A G

c)

A G A A G A G A G

d)

A G A G A G A G

43.

The original and mutated DNA have been transcribed below. What kind of mutation is shown?


Original: ACU AUG

Mutated: ACC AUG

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

d)

Bifurcation

44.

A mutation can only be passed down if it is in what kind of cell?

a)

Body

b)

Somatic

c)

Sex

d)

Stem

45.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
46.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
47.

What is the order for Protein Synthesis?

a)

Transcription -> Translation -> Protein

b)

Translation - > Transcription -> Protein

c)

Protein -> Transcription -> Translation

d)

Translation -> Protein -> Transcription

48.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
49.

Where does transcription take place?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ribosome

50.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

51.

Chromosome mutation involving loss of a section of chromosome/genes.

a)

Deletion

b)

Inversion

c)

Translocation

d)

Removal

52.

Why can the genes of one species be spliced into another species and create a working protein?

a)

All organisms are made of cells

b)

All organisms have the same sequence of nucleotides

c)

All organisms use the same carbohydrates

d)

All organisms share the same DNA nucleotides

53.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
54.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
55.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
56.

Original section of DNA: ACC GCC AAT TTC GGA

Mutated section of DNA: ACC GCC ATT TCG GA

What type of mutation is this?

a)

Translocation

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Substitution

57.

Match the following images with their function

a)
1.

Directly related to the coding of genetic information

b)
2.

The backbone or supporting portion of the double helix

c)
3.

The monomer of a nucleic acid.

58.

Match the following cell types.

a)

Somatic cells

1.

all body cells except for sperm and egg

b)

Gamete cells

2.

sperm and egg

c)

prokaryotes

3.

NO nucleus

d)

eukaryotes

4.

Nucleus

59.

A specific protein in created based on the ________ of the nucleotide.

a)

sequence

b)

size

c)

color

d)

synthesis

60.

What is the product of Transcription?

a)

polypeptide bonds

b)

transcribed lysosomes

c)

mRNA

d)

a perforated nucleus

61.

Organelle that helps with Translation

a)

Golgi bodies

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Nucleus

62.

What is the product of Translation?

a)

Polysaccharide bonds

b)

Enclosed DNA

c)

Sunlight

d)

Proteins

63.

These amino acids (monomers) will come together to build which biomolecule?

a)

Carbs

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

64.

Based on this sequence

AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC

What is the sequence of amino acids these codons would create?

a)

Gly

Ser

The

Ala

b)

Met

Asp

Phe

Ala

Arg

c)

Met

Val

Lys

Arg

d)

Ala

Lys

Asp

Gly

65.

What is a substitution mutation?

a)

When one base is changed to a different base

b)

When a single extra base is added into the code

c)

When a single base is removed from the code

d)

all of the above

66.

An insertion mutation is when a single extra base is added to the code.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

What is a deletion mutation?

a)

When one base is changed to a different base

b)

When a single extra base is added to the code

c)

when a single base is removed from the code

68.

Match the biomolecules with their elements.

a)

C H O

1:2:1 Ratio

1.

Carbs

b)

C H O

2.

Lipids

c)

C H O N

3.

Proteins

d)

C H O N P

4.

Nucleic Acids

69.

What step of Protein Synthesis is identified by this star?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Duplication

d)

Translation

70.

What step of Protein Synthesis is identified by this star?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Duplication

d)

Translation

71.

What is this 3 letter sequence?

a)

uniform sequence

b)

polysaccharide

c)

codon

d)

anti-codon

72.

Match the complimentary nitrogen bases in DNA.

a)

A

1.

T

b)

T

2.

A

c)

G

3.

C

d)

C

4.

G

73.

Match the following processes with their location?

a)

Replication

1.

Nucleus

DNA -> DNA

b)

Transcription

2.

Nucleus

DNA -> RNA

c)

Translation

3.

Cytoplasm

74.

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Substitution

b)

Multiplication

c)

Insertion

d)

Deletion

75.

ATT-TGA-GCC- Original

ATT-GAG-CC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion - Frameshift

b)

Substitution

c)

Deletion - Frameshift

d)

None of the above

76.

What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-

AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG

Mutant-

AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

a)

deletion frameshift

b)

insertion frameshift

c)

substitution

d)

nonsense

77.

A change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

a)

mutation

b)

fitness

c)

transformation

78.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
79.
Which of the following is the site of transcription?
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
80.
Which of the following is the site of translation?
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
81.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

82.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

83.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

84.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Cytosine-

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

85.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

86.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

87.

The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.

a)

Anti-directional

b)

Parallel

c)

Anti-parallel

d)

Anti-uniform

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