Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. A good scientific question must be (a)   meaning it can be answered through investigation and data collection.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. A (a)   is a proposed explanation based on prior knowledge, research, and initial observations.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. The (a)   is the group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable and serves as a baseline for comparison.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. Scientists must carefully document procedures and data so their experiments can undergo (a)   by other scientists.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. When an experiment is repeated by a different scientist to confirm results, it is called (a)   .

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. An (a)   involves using the senses or tools to gather information about the world.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Word bank: peer review, testable, hypothesis, control group, replication, observation, variable. A (a)   is any factor in an experiment that can change or be manipulated.

Answer in 1–2 sentences. What does it mean when we say that scientific knowledge is tentative?

Answer in 1–2 sentences. Why is peer review important in the scientific process?

Answer in 1–2 sentences. What is the difference between an experiment and an investigation?

Read the scenario and answer the question. A scientist wants to test how the amount of sunlight affects plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one group gets full sunlight, and the other group gets no sunlight. She measures the height of the plants after 2 weeks. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Read the scenario and answer the question. A scientist wants to test how the amount of sunlight affects plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one group gets full sunlight, and the other group gets no sunlight. She measures the height of the plants after 2 weeks. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Read the scenario and answer the question. A scientist wants to test how the amount of sunlight affects plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one group gets full sunlight, and the other group gets no sunlight. She measures the height of the plants after 2 weeks. What would be an example of a controlled variable in this experiment?

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. Water’s (a)   is caused by the unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in slightly charged ends of the molecule.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. Because of (a)   , water molecules stick to each other, helping form droplets and allowing surface tension.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. (a)   occurs when water molecules stick to other substances, like glass or plant tissues.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. The tight bonding of water molecules at the surface creates (a)   , allowing small insects to walk on water.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. Water’s high (a)   allows it to absorb and store large amounts of heat without changing temperature quickly.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. Water’s role as a universal (a)   means it can dissolve many different substances due to its polarity.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank. Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: cohesion, polarity, solvent, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, capillary action. (a)   is the process that allows water to move up narrow tubes, like in plant roots and stems, due to cohesion and adhesion.

Part 4: Short Answer. Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences: Why are hydrogen bonds important to the properties of water?

Part 4: Short Answer. Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences: What role do cohesion and adhesion play in helping plants get water?

Part 4: Short Answer. Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences: How does water’s high specific heat benefit life on Earth?

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: Proteins are polymers made of individual subunits called (a)   , which differ from each other based on their R-group side chains.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: (a)   are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms and are the monomers that make up most lipid molecules.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: The smallest unit of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, are (a)   , which can combine to form more complex sugars.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: A (a)   consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base and is the basic structural unit of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: (a)   are made of one glycerol and three fatty acids and function as a long-term energy reserve in animals.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: In humans and animals, excess glucose is stored as (a)   in the liver and muscles for later use.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids made of elements including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, represented by the abbreviation (a)   .

Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences: What is the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences: Why are proteins considered essential for growth and repair?

Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences: How do phospholipids help cells function properly?

Read the example below and answer the question: A student compares two food labels. One food is rich in starch and sugars. The second contains mostly triglycerides. A third snack contains only protein. Which macromolecule is most abundant in the first food, and what is its function?

Read the example below and answer the question: A student compares two food labels. One food is rich in starch and sugars. The second contains mostly triglycerides. A third snack contains only protein. What is the primary function of the triglycerides in the second food?

Read the example below and answer the question: A student compares two food labels. One food is rich in starch and sugars. The second contains mostly triglycerides. A third snack contains only protein. What are the monomers of the macromolecule found in the third food, and what role does it play?

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. The (a)   simulated early Earth’s atmosphere and showed amino acids could form from simple gases.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. (a)   proposed that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. (a)   demonstrated that microbes come from the air, not from spontaneous generation.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. The (a)   explains how organelles like mitochondria originated from symbiosis between cells.

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. (a)   suggested that Earth’s early atmosphere supported the formation of organic compounds in a “primordial soup.”

Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. Molecules containing carbon that are essential to life are called (a)   .

The Theory of Biogenesis states that living things come only from other living things. Describe this theory.

Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences. What did Fox’s experiment demonstrate about the origin of proteins on early Earth?

Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences. How does the Endosymbiotic Theory explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences. Why was the discovery of stromatolites important to understanding Earth’s early life?

Read the example and answer the questions. A team of scientists recreates early Earth conditions in the lab by combining gases such as methane, ammonia, and water vapor, then passes electrical sparks through the mixture to simulate lightning and find that amino acids have formed. What historical experiment is this most similar to?

Read the example and answer the questions. A team of scientists recreates early Earth conditions in the lab by combining gases such as methane, ammonia, and water vapor, then passes electrical sparks through the mixture to simulate lightning and find that amino acids have formed. Why did the scientists include electrical sparks in their experiment?

Read the example and answer the questions. A team of scientists recreates early Earth conditions in the lab by combining gases such as methane, ammonia, and water vapor, then passes electrical sparks through the mixture to simulate lightning and find that amino acids have formed. What does the formation of amino acids in this experiment suggest about early Earth?

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. A (a)   is the smallest unit of life.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. A (a)   is a well-supported explanation based on many experiments and observations.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. Organisms made of only one cell are called (a)   .

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. A (a)   is commonly used in classrooms and uses light to view thin specimens.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. Data from experiments and observations that support conclusions is called (a)   .

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. Animals and plants are examples of (a)   organisms.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks found in the statements below. Use each word only once. Word bank: unicellular, multicellular, cell, evidence, scientific theory, scanning electron microscope, compound microscope. A (a)   creates detailed 3D images of a specimen's surface.

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences. What contribution did Rudolph Virchow make to the Cell Theory?

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences. What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer the following question in 1–2 sentences. Why do scientists use electron microscopes instead of light microscopes to view some specimens?

Part 5: Application — Read the example and answer the questions. A student is observing a thin slice of onion under a microscope. She notices rectangular cells with dark spots in the middle but no 3D structure. What type of microscope is she most likely using?

Part 5: Application — Read the example and answer the questions. A student is observing a thin slice of onion under a microscope. She notices rectangular cells with dark spots in the middle but no 3D structure. What feature of the microscope allowed her to see the details inside the onion cells?

Part 5: Application — Read the example and answer the questions. A student is observing a thin slice of onion under a microscope. She notices rectangular cells with dark spots in the middle but no 3D structure. Would she be able to see individual cells in a dissection microscope? Why or why not?

Fill in the blank using the word bank (Eukaryotic; prokaryotic; organelles; DNA; nucleus; cytoplasm; ribosomes): All cells contain genetic instructions in the form of (a)   .

Fill in the blank using the word bank (Eukaryotic; prokaryotic; organelles; DNA; nucleus; cytoplasm; ribosomes): A (a)   is present only in eukaryotic cells and contains the cell’s genetic material.

Fill in the blank using the word bank (Eukaryotic; prokaryotic; organelles; DNA; nucleus; cytoplasm; ribosomes): The (a)   is the jellylike fluid that fills the inside of all cells.

Fill in the blank using the word bank (Eukaryotic; prokaryotic; organelles; DNA; nucleus; cytoplasm; ribosomes): (a)   cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.

Fill in the blank: (a)   cells contain a variety of specialized structures called organelles.

Fill in the blank: (a)   are responsible for making proteins and are found in all cells.

Fill in the blank: Structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions are called (a)   .

Answer in 1–2 sentences: What are two main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer in 1–2 sentences: Which cell type is larger and more complex, and why?

Answer in 1–2 sentences: Why are ribosomes considered essential in both types of cells?

Application — Read the example and answer: A scientist is studying a cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Is this cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Application — Read the example and answer: A scientist is studying a cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Which type of organism does this cell most likely come from?

Application — Read the example and answer: A scientist is studying a cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Would you expect to find mitochondria in this cell? Why or why not?

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. A cell membrane is (a)   , meaning it only lets certain substances pass through.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. A (a)   has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. In an (a)   solution, water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. (a)   is a type of endocytosis where the cell "eats" large particles.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. A (a)   helps move substances across the membrane using energy.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. In (a)   , molecules move through a channel protein without energy.

Part 3: Fill in the Blank — Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blank. Use each word only once. Word bank: phospholipid, isotonic, endocytosis, protein pump, facilitated diffusion, selectively permeable, phagocytosis. (a)   is the process of bringing large molecules into the cell using vesicles.

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer in 1–2 sentences. What does it mean that the cell membrane is "selectively permeable"?

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer in 1–2 sentences. How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the cell membrane?

Part 4: Short Answer — Answer in 1–2 sentences. What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Part 5: Application — Read the scenario and answer in 1–2 sentences. A student places red blood cells in three different solutions: Solution A: cells swell and burst; Solution B: cells remain the same; Solution C: cells shrink. What is happening to the water in Solution A?

Fill in the Blank—Use the terms in the word bank to complete the statement: The pigment (a)   absorbs sunlight energy for photosynthesis.

Fill in the Blank—Use the terms in the word bank to complete the statement: Photosynthesis takes place in the (a)   of plant cells.

Fill in the Blank—Use the terms in the word bank to complete the statement: Cellular respiration takes place in the (a)   of eukaryotic cells.