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Matter and Energy Test 6

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

1. The type of heat transfer that occurs between a hot pad and a casserole dish resting on it is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

d)

Evaporation

2.

A lens that curves outward and bends light inward to converge on a point is called:

a)

Concave lens

b)

Convex lens

c)

Biconcave lens

d)

Plano-concave lens

3.

Which is the collective term for the three colors of pigments that can be combined to make most other colors?

a)

Primary colors

b)

Secondary colors

c)

Tertiary colors

d)

Complementary colors

4.

A triangular glass object that separates light into its component colors through refraction is called:

a)

Prism

b)

Lens

c)

Mirror

d)

Filter

5.

Particles of the medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion in which type of wave?

a)

Transverse wave

b)

Longitudinal wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

Electromagnetic wave

6.

The bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed is called:

a)

Reflection

b)

Diffraction

c)

Refraction

d)

Absorption

7.

7. Which type of ultraviolet radiation is mostly, but not completely, blocked by the atmospheric ozone layer?

a)

Ultraviolet A (UVA)

b)

Ultraviolet B (UVB)

c)

Ultraviolet C (UVC)

d)

Infrared radiation

8.

The use of lasers to transmit signals through narrow glass cables is called _________.

a)

fiber optics

b)

satellite communication

c)

microwave transmission

d)

radio waves

9.

Any change in velocity is called __?__.

a)

acceleration

b)

friction

c)

momentum

d)

force

10.

A semicircular arc of colored bands of light formed by refraction in falling raindrops is a(n) __?__.

a)

rainbow

b)

mirage

c)

halo

d)

aurora

11.

Light consists of tiny bundles or packets of energy called __?__.

a)

photons

b)

electrons

c)

neutrons

d)

protons

12.

When light rays from a distant object pass through heated air, they bend in such a way that the object appears nearby. The image produced is called a(n) __?__.

a)

mirage

b)

reflection

c)

shadow

d)

refraction

13.

A device designed to measure the heat involved in a physical or chemical change is a(n) __?__.

a)

calorimeter

b)

thermometer

c)

barometer

d)

hygrometer

14.

A three-dimensional image produced by laser light is a(n) __?__.

a)

hologram

b)

photograph

c)

x-ray

d)

blueprint

15.

The quantity that measures the amount of disorder in a system is __?__.

a)

entropy

b)

enthalpy

c)

energy

d)

temperature

16.

The ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers is capillarity.

a)

False. The correct word is compressibility.

b)

True. Capillarity is the correct term.

c)

False. The correct word is viscosity.

d)

False. The correct word is fluidity.

17.

A mirror with the reflecting surface on the inside of a spherical surface is a concave mirror.

a)

True.

b)

False.

c)

It is a convex mirror.

d)

It is a plane mirror.

18.

Each of the dark fringes formed as light interferes destructively from a narrow slit is a node.

a)

True.

b)

False.

c)

Sometimes.

d)

Only in double slit experiments.

19.

The process of a gas changing into a liquid is condensation.

a)

True.

b)

False.

c)

Evaporation.

d)

Sublimation.

20.

The transfer of heat without matter is convection.

a)

False. The correct word is radiation.

b)

True. The correct word is convection.

c)

False. The correct word is conduction.

d)

False. The correct word is insulation.

21.

The idea that gravity is a result of the geometry of space is part of the general theory of relativity.

a)

True.

b)

False.

c)

It is part of quantum mechanics.

d)

It is part of Newton's laws.

22.

What principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?

a)

Bernoulli’s principle

b)

Boyle’s principle

c)

Archimedes’ principle

d)

Pascal’s principle

23.

What is the most important component of a heat pump?

a)

refrigerant

b)

condenser

c)

evaporator

d)

compressor

24.

Who first demonstrated the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves?

a)

Sir Isaac Newton

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Heinrich Hertz

d)

James Clerk Maxwell

25.

What is the heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid?

a)

heat of vaporization

b)

boiling point elevation

c)

freezing point depression

d)

heat of fusion

26.

What is the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a given amount?

a)

specific heat

b)

heat capacity

c)

latent heat

d)

thermal equilibrium

27.

What law relates an object’s force, mass, and acceleration?

a)

second law of motion

b)

first law of motion

c)

third law of motion

d)

law of conservation of momentum

28.

What is the process in which colors are produced by interference of reflected light?

a)

refraction

b)

reflection

c)

diffraction

d)

iridescence

29.

What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?

a)

electromagnetic force

b)

weak nuclear force

c)

strong nuclear force

d)

gravitational force

30.

What is the process of dissipating the energy of sound waves in matter?

a)

echo ranging

b)

absorption

c)

reverberation

d)

acoustics

31.

Which type of wave makes communication possible between ships, airplanes, and cellphones?

a)

infrared waves

b)

microwaves

c)

radio waves

d)

visible light

32.

What type of heat transfer occurs when a fan blows air in a room?

a)

conduction

b)

contraction

c)

radiation

d)

convection

33.

What is the apparent slowdown in time for an object traveling at nearly the speed of light?

a)

time dilation

b)

volume expansion

c)

mass increase

d)

Lorentz contraction

34.

When a whetstone is used to sharpen a knife, the stone performs work on the knife to remove excess metal. Water or mineral oil must be applied to the stone; otherwise, the blade will become too hot and warp. What scientific principle explains why the blade gets hot?

a)

law of convection

b)

first law of thermodynamics

c)

second law of thermodynamics

d)

law of conduction

35.

What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

changes unpredictably

d)

stays the same

36.

What is the term for a beam of light containing waves that are aligned in the same direction?

a)

stimulated

b)

monochromatic

c)

derandomized

d)

polarized

37.

Which of the following is an SI unit for mass?

a)

meter

b)

kilogram

c)

pound

d)

milliliter

38.

What is the product of an object's mass and velocity?

a)

power

b)

momentum

c)

friction

d)

force

39.

What form of energy is associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it?

a)

mechanical energy

b)

potential energy

c)

nonmechanical energy

d)

kinetic energy

40.

What are the additive primary colors?

a)

red, yellow, blue

b)

red, cyan, magenta

c)

cyan, magenta, yellow

d)

red, green, blue

41.

What is the ability for other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments to test the same hypothesis?

a)

testability

b)

repeatability

c)

reproducibility

d)

falsifiability

42.

How many significant digits are in 0.02063?

a)

5

b)

4

c)

6

d)

3

43.

Which of the following can be considered a mixture of all the colors of light?

a)

gray

b)

black

c)

cyan

d)

white

44.

What is the phenomenon in which a liquid in thin tubes rises above or falls beneath its own level?

a)

capillarity

b)

adhesion

c)

surface tension

d)

cohesion

45.

In 3.0 s, 480 waves pass through a certain point. What is the frequency of the waves?

a)

720 Hz

b)

160 Hz

c)

1400 Hz

d)

80. Hz

46.

What is the fluid friction that tends to slow an object as it moves through a fluid?

a)

lift

b)

streamlining

c)

angle of attack

d)

drag

47.

What is stimulated emission?

a)

An atom releases an electron when it is struck by a photon.

b)

An excited atom releases two photons after a collision.

c)

An excited atom spontaneously releases two photons.

d)

An atom becomes excited when it is struck by a photon.

48.

What is the output distance of a screw?

a)

radius of the screw

b)

circumference of the screw head

c)

pitch of the screw

d)

length of the screw

49.

Why is laser light extremely intense compared to normal light?

a)

The beam is concentrated narrowly and coherently.

b)

The beam is a mixture of frequencies and wavelengths traveling in different directions.

c)

The beam absorbs ultraviolet photons and immediately emits visible-light photons.

d)

The beam is produced by spontaneous emission of radiation.

50.

How would you expect the speed of light measured in a stationary laboratory to compare to the speed of light measured by a satellite orbiting Earth at 11,100 km/h?

a)

The measured speed would be the same in both places.

b)

The measured speed would be greater at the satellite.

c)

More information is needed to answer.

d)

The measured speed would be greater in the laboratory.

51.

Which of the following is the phenomenon in which light above a certain frequency knocks electrons loose from the atoms of certain metals?

a)

photoelectric effect

b)

diffraction grating

c)

iridescence

d)

stimulated emission

52.

Which of the following fallacies occurs when a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a single argument?

a)

equivocation

b)

post hoc

c)

ad hominem

d)

circular reasoning

53.

Ken and Tom are in a footrace. Ken’s magnitude of momentum is 99.6 kg • m/s, and he has 99.6 J of kinetic energy. Tom’s magnitude of momentum is 158 kg • m/s, and he has 198 J of kinetic energy. Why do Ken’s momentum and kinetic energy have the same numerical value (the number without the units) but Tom’s momentum and kinetic energy do not?

a)

Momentum is inversely proportional to mass, but kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass.

b)

Momentum is a vector, but kinetic energy is a scalar.

c)

Momentum cannot be changed by external forces, but kinetic energy can be changed by external forces.

d)

Momentum is proportional to the velocity, but kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity.

54.

A scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the speed of sound. After heating the air, his results showed that sound travels faster at high temperature. What increases at higher temperature to cause this observation?

a)

collisions of particles

b)

reflection of sound waves

c)

diffraction of sound waves

d)

displacement of particles

55.

Peter is starting a campfire using a glass lens on a sunny day. What type of lens should he use to start the fire? Why?

a)

concave lens to focus the sunlight to a point

b)

convex lens to spread the sunlight

c)

convex lens to focus the sunlight to a point

d)

concave lens to spread the sunlight

56.

An interstellar spaceship traveling 75% the speed of light is flying past a space station. The space station is moving much slower at 0.001% the speed of light. How does the spaceship appear to an observer on the space station?

a)

The spaceship will appear to be longer.

b)

The spaceship will appear to be shorter and wider.

c)

The spaceship will appear to be shorter.

d)

The spaceship will appear to be longer and wider.

57.

What type of heat transfer occurs between a hot pad and a casserole dish resting on it?

a)

conduction

b)

radiation

c)

convection

d)

evaporation

58.

What type of lens curves outward and bends light inward to converge on a point?

a)

convex lens

b)

concave lens

c)

biconcave lens

d)

planar lens

59.

Which is the collective term for the three colors of pigments that can be combined to make most other colors?

a)

subtractive primary colors

b)

additive primary colors

c)

secondary colors

d)

complementary colors

60.

What is a triangular glass object that separates light into its component colors through refraction?

a)

prism

b)

lens

c)

mirror

d)

cube

61.

In which type of wave do particles of the medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion?

a)

longitudinal wave

b)

transverse wave

c)

surface wave

d)

electromagnetic wave

62.

6. The bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed is called:

a)

Reflection

b)

Diffraction

c)

Refraction

d)

Absorption

63.

7. Which type of ultraviolet radiation is mostly, but not completely, blocked by the atmospheric ozone layer?

a)

Ultraviolet A (UVA)

b)

Ultraviolet B (UVB)

c)

Ultraviolet C (UVC)

d)

Infrared radiation

64.

The use of lasers to transmit signals through narrow glass cables is called _________

a)

fiber optics

b)

satellite communication

c)

microwave transmission

d)

infrared transmission

65.

Any change in velocity is called _________?

a)

acceleration

b)

momentum

c)

force

d)

distance

66.

A semicircular arc of colored bands of light formed by refraction in falling raindrops is a(n) _________?

a)

rainbow

b)

mirage

c)

halo

d)

aurora

67.

15. Light consists of tiny bundles or packets of energy called _________?

a)

photons

b)

electrons

c)

neutrons

d)

protons

68.

When light rays from a distant object pass through heated air, they bend in such a way that the object appears nearby. The image produced is called a(n) _________?

a)

mirage

b)

reflection

c)

shadow

d)

refraction

69.

A device designed to measure the heat involved in a physical or chemical change is a(n) _________

a)

calorimeter

b)

barometer

c)

ammeter

d)

hygrometer

70.

A three-dimensional image produced by laser light is a(n) _________

a)

hologram

b)

photograph

c)

x-ray

d)

blueprint

71.

The quantity that measures the amount of disorder in a system is _________

a)

entropy

b)

energy

c)

temperature

d)

pressure

72.

The ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers is capillarity.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

A mirror with the reflecting surface on the inside of a spherical surface is a concave mirror.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Each of the dark fringes formed as light interferes destructively from a narrow slit is a node.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

The process of a gas changing into a liquid is condensation.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

The transfer of heat without matter is convection.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

The idea that gravity is a result of the geometry of space is part of the general theory of relativity.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

What principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?

a)

Pascal's principle

b)

Bernoulli's principle

c)

Archimedes' principle

d)

Boyle's law

79.

What is the most important component of a heat pump?

a)

refrigerant

b)

compressor

c)

condenser

d)

evaporator

80.

Who first demonstrated the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves?

a)

James Clerk Maxwell

b)

Albert Einstein

c)

Heinrich Hertz

d)

Michael Faraday

81.

What is the heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid?

a)

heat capacity

b)

specific heat

c)

latent heat

d)

heat of fusion

82.

What is the amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature by a given amount?

a)

latent heat

b)

heat capacity

c)

heat of fusion

d)

specific heat

83.

What law relates an object's force, mass, and acceleration?

a)

second law of motion

b)

first law of motion

c)

third law of motion

d)

law of inertia

84.

What is the process in which colors are produced by interference of reflected light?

a)

refraction

b)

diffraction

c)

polarization

d)

iridescence

85.

What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?

4 lines
86.

What is the process of dissipating the energy of sound waves in matter?

(a)  

87.

A gas with a pressure of 40.0 kPa and a volume of 600. mL is contained in a cylinder. A piston reduces the volume of the gas to 200. mL. What is the new pressure of the gas?

(a)  

88.

Which type of wave makes communication possible between ships, airplanes, and cellphones?

(a)  

89.

What type of heat transfer occurs when a fan blows air in a room?

a)

conduction

b)

radiation

c)

convection

90.

What is the apparent slowdown in time for an object traveling at nearly the speed of light?

(a)  

91.

When a whetstone is used to sharpen a knife, the stone performs work on the knife to remove excess metal. Water or mineral oil must be applied to the stone; otherwise, the blade will become too hot and warp. What scientific principle explains why the blade gets hot?

4 lines
92.

What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

(a)  

93.

Which device is used to focus light and form an image by refraction?

a)

Lens

b)

Prism

c)

Filter

d)

Mirror

94.

What is the term for the spreading of light into its spectrum of colors?

a)

Dispersion

b)

Reflection

c)

Absorption

d)

Diffraction

95.

Which scientist is known for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation?

a)

James Clerk Maxwell

b)

Sir Isaac Newton

c)

Heinrich Hertz

d)

Robert Hooke

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