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Biology Fall Semester Review

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

a)

tRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

DNA

2.

Which RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

DNA

d)

tRNA

3.

Which RNA forms the structure of the ribosome?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

4.

What function do carbohydrates and lipids both share?

a)

Encoding genetic information

b)

Acting as enzymes

c)

Providing energy to organisms

d)

Catalyzing chemical reactions

5.

An organism has DNA enclosed in a nucleus. What type of cell is it?

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Viral

c)

Eukaryotic

d)

Bacterial

6.

Which structure is found in both plant and animal cells?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Large central vacuole

7.

Why can viruses not reproduce independently?

a)

They lack enzymes

b)

They do not have nucleic acids

c)

They cannot perform self-replication without a host cell

d)

They reproduce too quickly

8.

What do viruses and host cells have in common?

a)

Cell walls

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Organelles

d)

Nucleic acids

9.

Which process requires ATP?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

10.

Passive transport moves substances —

a)

Against the concentration gradient

b)

Using ATP

c)

From low to high concentration

d)

From high to low concentration

11.

What is conserved during photosynthesis?

a)

Energy

b)

Matter (atoms)

c)

Light

d)

Chlorophyll

12.

What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?

a)

It releases energy immediately

b)

It stores chemical energy

c)

It acts as a catalyst

d)

It absorbs sunlight

13.

Why did the enzyme in hot water stop working?

a)

The substrate was used up

b)

The enzyme changed products

c)

The enzyme was denatured

d)

The reaction finished early

14.

Why is the substance in tick saliva most likely an enzyme?

a)

It is used up during reactions

b)

It increases activation energy

c)

It binds specifically to substrates

d)

It destroys all bacteria equally

15.

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M

16.

What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?

a)

To speed up cell division

b)

To initiate mutations

c)

To allow correction of errors before division

d)

To stop mitosis permanently

17.

What characteristic is found only in cancer cells?

a)

Presence of mitochondria

b)

Regulated gene expression

c)

Response to signals

d)

Unregulated cell division

18.

What is most likely to occur if the p53 gene is mutated?

a)

Cells stop dividing permanently

b)

DNA will not replicate

c)

Cell growth becomes unregulated

d)

Fewer mutations occur

19.

What is the complementary DNA strand to 5’ ATCGCTAG 3’?

a)

5’ TAGCGATC 3’

b)

3’ TAGCGATC 5’

c)

3’ ATCGCTAG 5’

d)

5’ ATCGCTAG 3’

20.

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

a)

Uracil

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Thymine

21.

How does temperature affect grasshopper coloration?

a)

By changing chromosome number

b)

By causing mutations

c)

By affecting gene expression

d)

By altering DNA structure

22.

What controls how unspecialized cells differentiate?

a)

Cell size

b)

Nutrient availability

c)

Genes that are expressed

d)

Age of the organism

23.

Which type of mutation usually has the greatest impact on a protein?

a)

Substitution

b)

Silent mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation

d)

Point mutation

24.

Why do some mutations not affect protein function?

a)

Proteins repair themselves

b)

All amino acids are the same

c)

Different codons can code for the same amino acid

d)

Mutations only affect RNA

25.

Which process produces four genetically unique daughter cells?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Binary fission

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Meiosis

26.

How do crossing over and independent assortment increase genetic diversity?

a)

They reduce chromosome number

b)

They remove harmful alleles

c)

They create new allele combinations

d)

They copy DNA exactly

27.

What is the probability of cystic fibrosis (a recessive disease) if both parents are carriers?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

28.

How do viruses like cowpox cause disease?

a)

By competing for water

b)

By gaining energy from food

c)

By sexually reproducing

d)

By replicating inside host cells and lysing them

29.

What would you call the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during meiosis?

a)

nondisjunction

b)

anaphase I

c)

nondiploidy

d)

karyotype

30.

Which best describes nondisjunction?

a)

an inherited mutation carried in an egg or a sperm

b)

an error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate

c)

when chromosomes fuse together during mitosis

d)

when homologous chromosomes trade segments

31.

A piece of one chromosome detaches and reattaches to a different chromosome

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

32.

The chromosomal mutation shown in the image is a

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

33.

The chromosomal mutation shown in the image is a

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

34.

The chromosomal mutation shown in the image is a

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

35.

The chromosomal mutation shown in the image is a

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

36.

During cell division, the DNA condenses into densely coiled sections called...

a)

chronographs

b)

homeostasis

c)

genes

d)

chromosomes

37.
Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Interphase
38.
Cell division occurs to allow for 
a)
Growth
b)
Reproduction
c)
Repair
d)
All of the above
39.
The cytoplasm is divided between the cells splitting the cell into two. Name that Stage!
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
40.
The sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated (come apart) and move to opposite ends of the cell. Name that Stage!
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
41.
How many chromosomes do human body cells have?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
92
d)
None of these
42.
What type(s) of cells undergo mitosis?
a)
sex cells
b)
gametes
c)
body cells
d)
sperm and egg cells
43.
What do the cells look like at the end of mitosis?
a)
different from original cell
b)
similar to the original cell
c)
identical to the original cell
d)
none of these
44.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
45.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid cells
b)
Diploid Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
46.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
47.
If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is
a)
18
b)
9
c)
27
d)
36
48.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
49.
When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.
a)
tetrad (pair of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad)
b)
triad
c)
diploid
d)
quad (group of 4 replicated chromosomes, 2 from mom and 2 from dad)
50.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a)
It is carried out in all tissues theat require cell replacement
b)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of an organism
c)
It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord
d)
It is the first stage of mitosis
51.
products of meiosis are genetically
a)
different
b)
identical
52.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
53.
How many daughter cells does Meiosis create?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
1
54.
The fertilized egg is termed a/an _____.
a)
gamete
b)
allele
c)
homolog
d)
zygote
55.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
Stores energy
b)
Stores genetic information
c)
Movement
d)
Physical structure
56.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the elements that make up______?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic acid
57.
Which 2 molecules contains the elements C-H-O and function pertains to energy?
a)
Lipids and Protein
b)
Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
c)
Protein and Carbohydrates
d)
Carbohydrates and Lipids
58.
What elements are common to all 4 biomolecules?
a)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
b)
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
59.
What are the four biological molecules?
a)
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
b)
A, T, C, G
c)
water, air, earth, and fire
d)
Joe, Nick, and Kevin Jonas
60.

What type of cell is this?

a)

Eukaryotic Cell

b)

Prokaryotic Cell

c)

Animal Cell

d)

Plant Cell

61.

Select ALL of the following organelles that are in BOTH plant and animal cells.

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Golgi Apparatus

62.

Which organelle is pictured?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Centriole

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Cell Membrane

63.

What is the function of the Golgi Appartus?

a)

Makes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances

b)

Packages and delivers lipids and proteins

c)

Stores genetic material

d)

Makes protein

64.

Which of the following do NOT contain membrane-bound organelles?

a)

Animal Cell

b)

Plant Cell

c)

Bacterial Cell

65.

What is the function of the mitochondia?

a)

Make energy (ATP)

b)

Make proteins

c)

Make lipids

d)

Make DNA

66.

What is the main difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?

a)

Eukaryotic cells do NOT have a nucleus and Prokaryotic cells DO have a nucleus.

b)

Eukaryotic cells do NOT have membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells DO have membrane-bound organelles.

c)

There is no difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

d)

Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus and Prokaryotic cells do NOT have a nucleus.

67.

What is the basic unit of an organism?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Organ

c)

Organelles

d)

Cell

68.

What are two structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

a)

Mitochondria and Cell Membrane

b)

Chloroplasts and Cell Wall

c)

Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

d)

Lysosomes and Vacuoles

69.

Creates Proteins

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

70.

Creates lipids

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

71.

The "brain of the cell" that contains it's genetic material

a)

Nucleus

b)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

c)

Golgi Body

d)

Mitochondrion

72.

I make proteins for the cell. What am I?

a)

ribosome

b)

cell membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

chloroplast

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