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Lesson 6.1 (Slide 1 of 2)

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Describe the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments.

a)

The extracellular fluid compartment consists of fluid outside cells, while the intracellular fluid compartment consists of fluid inside cells.

b)

The extracellular fluid compartment consists of fluid inside cells, while the intracellular fluid compartment consists of fluid outside cells.

c)

Both compartments contain only extracellular fluid.

d)

Both compartments contain only intracellular fluid.

2.

Describe the composition of the extracellular and intracellular body fluid compartments.

a)

The extracellular compartment contains mainly sodium and chloride, while the intracellular compartment contains mainly potassium and phosphate.

b)

Both compartments contain mainly potassium and phosphate.

c)

The extracellular compartment contains mainly potassium and phosphate, while the intracellular compartment contains mainly sodium and chloride.

d)

Both compartments contain mainly sodium and chloride.

3.

Fluid transport and fluid balance are maintained primarily by which of the following mechanisms?

a)

Osmosis and filtration

b)

Active transport and diffusion

c)

Endocytosis and exocytosis

d)

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

4.

Identify the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of fluid imbalances.

a)

Causes include dehydration and kidney issues; signs are edema and confusion; treatment involves fluid replacement and monitoring.

b)

Causes include only infections; signs are always fever; treatment is antibiotics only.

c)

Causes are limited to dietary choices; signs are only weight gain; treatment is exercise.

d)

Causes include only genetic factors; signs are always skin rashes; treatment is surgery.

5.

The major functions of the major electrolytes—sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride—include:

a)

Regulating fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance

b)

Providing energy for cellular metabolism

c)

Acting as structural components of cell membranes

d)

Serving as enzymes for metabolic reactions

6.

Identify the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of electrolyte imbalances.

a)

Electrolyte imbalances are caused by fluid loss, kidney dysfunction, or medications; signs include muscle weakness and confusion; treatment involves correcting the underlying cause and restoring electrolyte balance.

b)

Electrolyte imbalances are only caused by excessive exercise; signs include fever and rash; treatment is always surgery.

c)

Electrolyte imbalances are caused by eating too much sugar; signs include headache and sore throat; treatment is antibiotics.

d)

Electrolyte imbalances are caused by lack of sleep; signs include insomnia and anxiety; treatment is sleep therapy.

7.

LIST DATA TO BE COLLECTED FOR THE FOCUSED ASSESSMENT OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE STATUS.

a)

Vital signs, intake and output, laboratory values, physical assessment findings

b)

Patient's favorite foods, sleep patterns, hobbies, travel history

c)

Family medical history, vaccination records, employment status

d)

Height, weight, eye color, hair color

8.

Medical treatment and nursing management of persons with fluid and electrolyte imbalances include:

a)

Monitoring vital signs and administering IV fluids as prescribed.

b)

Ignoring changes in fluid balance.

c)

Restricting all fluid intake regardless of symptoms.

d)

Avoiding electrolyte replacement therapies.

9.

Older persons are at increased risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances because:

a)

they have decreased kidney function and reduced thirst sensation.

b)

they have increased muscle mass and higher metabolic rate.

c)

they have enhanced absorption of fluids and electrolytes.

d)

they have a stronger immune system.

10.

LIST THE FOUR TYPES OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCES.

a)

Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis

b)

Respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic dehydration, metabolic alkalosis

c)

Respiratory alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic dehydration, metabolic acidosis

d)

Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic dehydration, metabolic alkalosis

11.

IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CAUSES OF EACH ACID-BASE IMBALANCE.

a)

Respiratory and metabolic disturbances such as hypoventilation, hyperventilation, renal failure, and prolonged vomiting.

b)

Genetic mutations only.

c)

Physical trauma to limbs.

d)

Vitamin deficiency.

12.

Medical treatment and nursing management of acid-base imbalances include:

a)

Administering appropriate medications, monitoring blood gases, and providing supportive care.

b)

Ignoring symptoms and waiting for spontaneous recovery.

c)

Only using surgical intervention for all cases.

d)

Focusing solely on dietary changes without monitoring laboratory values.

13.

What is homeostasis?

a)

The process of cell division

b)

Maintaining relatively constant conditions as in fluid compartments

c)

The breakdown of nutrients

d)

The movement of muscles

14.

To maintain internal balance, the body must be able to regulate _______.

a)

fluids

b)

temperature

c)

oxygen

d)

nutrients

15.

Which of the following is involved in homeostasis?

a)

Only the heart

b)

Only the brain

c)

All organs and structures of the body

d)

Only the kidneys

16.

Which type of fluid is found inside cells?

a)

Extracellular fluid

b)

Intracellular fluid

c)

Plasma

d)

Interstitial fluid

17.

Which type of fluid is found outside cells?

a)

Intracellular fluid

b)

Extracellular fluid

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleus

18.

What is the largest portion of body weight according to the composition of body fluids?

a)

Water

b)

Solutes

c)

Electrolytes

d)

Nonelectrolytes

19.

The percentage of water in body fluids is affected by which of the following factors?

a)

A) Age

b)

B) Sex

c)

C) Body fat

d)

D) All of the above

20.

Fill in the blank: The solutes in body fluids include ______ and nonelectrolytes.

a)

electrolytes

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

d)

enzymes

21.

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte found in body fluids?

a)

Sodium (Na)

b)

Potassium (K)

c)

Chloride (Cl)

d)

Glucose

22.

Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for Calcium is ______.

a)

Ca

b)

Cl

c)

Cu

d)

Cs

23.

Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for Magnesium is ______.

a)

Mg²⁺

b)

Mg

c)

Mn

d)

Ma

24.

What type of membrane allows certain substances to pass while blocking others?

a)

Semipermeable membrane

b)

Impermeable membrane

c)

Permeable membrane

d)

Nonselective membrane

25.

Which of the following is NOT a transport process involved in the transport of water and electrolytes?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Active transport

c)

Filtration

d)

Photosynthesis

e)

Osmosis

26.

Fill in the blank: ________ is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Evaporation

d)

Condensation

27.

Fill in the blank: ________ is the process that requires energy to move substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient.

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

c)

Diffusion

d)

Osmosis

28.

Fill in the blank: ________ is the process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Active transport

d)

Filtration

29.

What is the term for the process that separates particles from a solution by passing it through a membrane?

a)

Filtration

b)

Evaporation

c)

Distillation

d)

Crystallization

30.

Osmolality is defined as the concentration of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles per kilogram of water.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

What is the normal range of osmolality in mOsm/kg for water?

a)

280-294 mOsm/kg

b)

200-220 mOsm/kg

c)

320-340 mOsm/kg

d)

150-170 mOsm/kg

32.

What are the main regulators of fluid balance in the body?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Liver

c)

Lungs

d)

Heart

33.

How do kidneys control extracellular fluid?

a)

By adjusting the concentration of specific electrolytes, osmolality of body fluids, the volume of extracellular fluid, blood volume, and pH.

b)

By producing hormones that directly regulate heart rate.

c)

By increasing the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.

d)

By controlling the release of digestive enzymes in the stomach.

34.

What is the primary activity of kidneys?

a)

Filtration

b)

Digestion

c)

Respiration

d)

Movement

35.

What does the glomerulus filtrate when blood plasma enters the kidneys?

a)

Blood plasma

b)

Red blood cells

c)

Platelets

d)

White blood cells

36.

Which process in the kidneys involves the reabsorption of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood?

a)

Tubular reabsorption

b)

Glomerular filtration

c)

Tubular secretion

d)

Excretion

37.

Which process in the kidneys involves the secretion of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid?

a)

Tubular secretion

b)

Glomerular filtration

c)

Reabsorption

d)

Excretion

38.

Which hormone system is triggered by low blood pressure and/or low blood volume?

a)

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

b)

Thyroid Hormone System

c)

Insulin-Glucagon System

d)

Growth Hormone System

39.

Activation of which hormone results in reabsorption of water?

a)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Adrenaline

40.

Which hormone's activation results in increased excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys by decreasing renin synthesis, thus reducing blood volume and blood pressure?

a)

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

d)

Cortisol

41.

What does the thirst mechanism regulate?

a)

Blood pressure

b)

Fluid intake

c)

Heart rate

d)

Body temperature

42.

Increased plasma osmolality stimulates osmoreceptors in the brain, leading to what sensation?

a)

Hunger

b)

Thirst

c)

Sleepiness

d)

Pain

43.

Fill in the blank: More Na+ and less H2O in the body leads to _______.

a)

thirst

b)

dehydration

c)

fatigue

d)

sweating

44.

Fill in the blank: Kidneys conserve water until plasma osmolality returns to _______.

a)

normal

b)

high

c)

low

d)

zero

45.

Fluid gain is primarily achieved by _________

a)

drinking and eating

b)

sleeping

c)

breathing

d)

exercising

46.

Which of the following is NOT a way fluid is lost from the body?

a)

A) Kidneys

b)

B) Skin

c)

C) Drinking

d)

D) Lungs

e)

E) GI tract

47.

The typical urine volume is ________ per day or ________ per hour.

a)

1-2L/day or 1mL/kg per hour

b)

2-3L/day or 0.5mL/kg per hour

c)

0.5-1L/day or 2mL/kg per hour

d)

3-4L/day or 3mL/kg per hour

48.

Fluid can be lost through perspiration via the ________.

a)

skin

b)

lungs

c)

kidneys

d)

intestines

49.

Evaporation via ________ is a method of fluid loss.

a)

respirations

b)

digestion

c)

absorption

d)

filtration

50.

Which of the following is a clinical sign to monitor for age-related changes?

a)

Disorientation or confusion

b)

Fever

c)

Rash

d)

Cough

51.

Which of the following is a clinical sign to monitor for age-related changes?

a)

Constipation

b)

Headache

c)

Nausea

d)

Sore throat

52.

Which of the following is a clinical sign to monitor for age-related changes?

a)

Falls from postural hypotension

b)

High blood pressure

c)

Skin dryness

d)

Joint pain

53.

Which of the following is a clinical sign to monitor for age-related changes?

a)

A) Changes in mental status

b)

B) Muscle cramps

c)

C) Blurred vision

d)

D) Chest pain

54.

Which of the following is a clinical sign to monitor for age-related changes?

a)

Recent weight changes

b)

Persistent cough

c)

Swelling in legs

d)

Dizziness

55.

Which of the following is a chronic condition that is a risk factor in older adults?

a)

Heart failure

b)

Renal insufficiency

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

56.

Which medications are considered risk factors in older adults?

a)

Antihypertensives

b)

Diuretics

c)

Antacids

d)

All of the above

57.

Reduced mobility or cognitive impairment in older adults can lead to decreased _______ intake.

a)

fluid

b)

protein

c)

calorie

d)

vitamin

58.

Which of the following are acute contributors to risk factors in older adults?

a)

Trauma

b)

Infection

c)

Fever

d)

All of the above

59.

Fill in the blank: Aging kidney is slower to adjust to changes in ________, fluid, and electrolyte balances.

a)

acid-base

b)

glucose

c)

pressure

d)

temperature

60.

Fill in the blank: Older adult often has a reduced sense of ________ and therefore may be in a state of chronic dehydration.

a)

thirst

b)

hunger

c)

pain

d)

hearing

61.

Fill in the blank: Total body water declines with age; greatest loss from the ________ fluid compartment.

a)

intracellular

b)

extracellular

c)

interstitial

d)

vascular

62.

Fill in the blank: Older person has limited reserves to maintain fluid balance when ________ losses occur.

a)

abnormal

b)

normal

c)

minor

d)

temporary

63.

Fill in the blank: Antihypertensives, diuretics, and ________ can also contribute to imbalances.

a)

antacids

b)

antibiotics

c)

analgesics

d)

antivirals

64.

Which of the following conditions may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance?

a)

Vomiting

b)

Diarrhea

c)

Burns

d)

Kidney disease

e)

DM (Diabetes Mellitus)

65.

Which medication listed may affect fluid/electrolyte balance?

a)

Diuretics

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Analgesics

d)

Antidepressants

66.

Which medical treatment/procedure may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance?

a)

Gastric suctioning

b)

Blood transfusion

c)

Physical therapy

d)

Vaccination

67.

Fill in the blank: _______ is a condition that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance.

a)

Any of the listed conditions (Vomiting, Diarrhea, Kidney disease, DM, Burns, CHF, Ulcerative colitis)

b)

Seasonal allergies

c)

Mild headache

d)

Normal aging process

68.

Diuretics are medications that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance.

a)

True

b)

False

69.

Gastric suctioning is a medical procedure that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a condition that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance?

a)

Vomiting

b)

Diarrhea

c)

Kidney disease

d)

Hypertension

71.

Fill in the blank: _______ is a medical treatment/procedure that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance.

a)

Gastric suctioning

b)

Physical therapy

c)

Eye examination

d)

Dental cleaning

72.

Fill in the blank: _______ is a medication that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance.

a)

Diuretics

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Analgesics

d)

Antidepressants

73.

Which of the following is a condition that may disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance?

a)

Ulcerative colitis

b)

Asthma

c)

Migraine

d)

Arthritis

74.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________.

a)

Vital signs

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Gravity

d)

Erosion

75.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________

a)

Intake and output

b)

Blood transfusion

c)

Medication administration

d)

Surgical procedure

76.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________.

a)

Body weight

b)

Color of shoes

c)

Favorite food

d)

Type of music

77.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________.

a)

Skin

b)

Engine

c)

Algorithm

d)

Keyboard

78.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________

a)

Mucous membranes

b)

Engine oil

c)

Wallpaper

d)

Bluetooth

79.

Fill in the blank: One component of physical assessment is _________

a)

Veins

b)

Temperature

c)

Pulse

d)

Respiration

80.

What is fluid volume deficit? Fill in the blank: Fluid volume deficit is when ________ is less than normal in the body.

a)

water

b)

oxygen

c)

protein

d)

sugar

81.

What are the two types of fluid volume deficit?

a)

Hypovolemia (isotonic extracellular fluid deficit) and dehydration (hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit)

b)

Hypervolemia and dehydration

c)

Hypovolemia and hypervolemia

d)

Dehydration and overhydration

82.

Hypovolemia is also known as:

a)

Isotonic extracellular fluid deficit

b)

Hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit

c)

Hypotonic fluid excess

d)

Isotonic fluid excess

83.

Dehydration is also known as:

a)

Isotonic extracellular fluid deficit

b)

Hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit

c)

Hypotonic fluid excess

d)

Isotonic fluid excess

84.

What is fluid volume excess? Fill in the blank: Fluid volume excess is when there is ________ water in the body.

a)

increased

b)

decreased

c)

no

d)

normal

85.

What are the two types of fluid volume excess?

a)

Extracellular fluid excess (isotonic fluid excess) and intracellular water excess (hypotonic fluid excess)

b)

Interstitial fluid excess and plasma volume excess

c)

Hypertonic fluid excess and hypotonic fluid excess

d)

Vascular fluid excess and tissue fluid excess

86.

What is the definition of Isotonic Extracellular Fluid Deficit (Hypovolemia)?

a)

Deficiency of water without electrolyte deficiency

b)

Deficiency of both water and relative electrolytes

c)

Excessive fluid intake

d)

Increased water loss related to high blood glucose

87.

What is the definition of Hypertonic Extracellular Fluid Deficit (Dehydration)?

a)

Deficiency of both water and relative electrolytes

b)

Deficiency of water without electrolyte deficiency

c)

Excessive fluid loss related to vomiting

d)

Shifting of fluid into interstitial space

88.

Name one etiology of Isotonic Extracellular Fluid Deficit (Hypovolemia) as described in the table.

a)

Decreased fluid intake related to inability to obtain or ingest fluids

b)

Excessive sodium intake

c)

Increased capillary permeability

d)

Overhydration due to renal failure

89.

Name one etiology of Hypertonic Extracellular Fluid Deficit (Dehydration) as described in the table.

a)

Increased water loss related to high blood glucose as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, inadequate ADH production or renal response to ADH, high fever, excessive sweating

b)

Excessive sodium intake from diet

c)

Chronic liver disease

d)

Overhydration due to excessive IV fluids

90.

What is the blood pressure finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Hypotension

b)

Hypertension

c)

Normal

d)

Prehypertension

91.

What is the pulse finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Weak, rapid

b)

Strong, slow

c)

Irregular, thready

d)

Bounding, regular

92.

What is the respiration finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Rapid

b)

Shallow

c)

Labored

d)

Irregular

93.

What is the temperature finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Decreased

b)

Increased

c)

Normal

d)

Fluctuating

94.

What is the weight finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Loss

b)

Gain

c)

Stable

d)

Fluctuating

95.

What is the tissue turgor finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Normal or edema

b)

Dry and flaky

c)

Firm and non-pitting

d)

Decreased elasticity

96.

What is the mucous membranes finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Moist

b)

Dry

c)

Pale

d)

Bluish

97.

What is the blood cells finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Hgb, Hct, RBCs increased

b)

Hgb, Hct, RBCs decreased

c)

WBCs increased

d)

Platelets decreased

98.

What is the urine output finding in the Focused Assessment Findings table?

a)

Decreased

b)

Increased

c)

Normal

d)

Absent

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