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WorksheetsFOH Ch 3: Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 36mins
Which statement best defines health in this context?
Ability to perform vigorous physical activity
Balanced nutrition without stress exposure
Absence of any diagnosable disease only
A dynamic state of complete well-being
Globally, morbidity primarily measures which aspect of a disease?
How severe symptoms become
How frequently a disease occurs
How long recovery usually takes
How many deaths are recorded
Which factor most directly shapes an individual’s personal definition of health?
Genetic testing availability
Hospital accreditation standards
Insurance reimbursement rules
Personal values and beliefs
Select the statement that best distinguishes wellness from disease.
Temporary reduction in daily functioning
Presence of pathologic structural change
Active lifestyle promoting overall health
Unique personal response to illness
Illness is best described as which of the following?
A deficit in social determinants only
A lab-confirmed structural abnormality
A pathogen entering the bloodstream
An abnormal process altering functioning
Which scenario most exemplifies an acute illness?
Rapid onset appendicitis resolving quickly
Gradual joint stiffness over many years
Intermittent remission of chronic asthma
Long-term support for irreversible damage
Which pattern is characteristic of chronic illness?
Slow onset with remission and exacerbation
Sudden onset with brief symptom duration
Immediate resolution without support needs
Single episode with full structural recovery
Which public health metric directly quantifies deaths caused by a disease?
Mortality rate for the condition
Incidence of new diagnoses
Prevalence within a community
Average symptom duration
Which condition is an example of an acute illness?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoporosis disease
Diabetes mellitus
Pneumonia infection
Which stage begins when a person first notices bodily changes and interprets them as signs of being unwell?
Assuming a dependent role
Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Assuming the sick role
Experiencing symptoms
During which stage does an individual formally acknowledge illness and temporarily step away from usual responsibilities?
Assuming a dependent role
Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Experiencing symptoms
Assuming the sick role
A patient follows treatment plans and relies on caregivers for support. Which stage of illness behavior is this?
Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Assuming the sick role
Experiencing symptoms
Assuming a dependent role
Which stage focuses on regaining function and returning to previous levels of independence after treatment?
Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Experiencing symptoms
Assuming the sick role
Assuming a dependent role
A person with fever and a productive cough takes a sick day, self-identifies as ill, and considers making a doctor appointment. Which stage of illness behavior is most consistent with this scenario?
Stage 3: assuming the dependent role
Stage 4: recovery and rehabilitation
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 1: symptom experience
Which statement best defines health equity in healthcare contexts?
Attainment of the highest level of health for all people
Equal distribution of hospital resources to all regions
Providing identical treatments regardless of patient context
Eliminating all differences in health outcomes completely
A health disparity is most accurately described as which of the following?
Outcome differences caused only by biological genetics
Any variation in health outcomes across populations
Temporary fluctuation in disease rates over seasons
Difference in health linked to social or economic disadvantage
Which factor is a social determinant of health rather than a clinical variable?
Laboratory biomarkers indicating organ function
Specific antibiotic selected for an infection
Conditions in environments where people live and work
Blood pressure measured during a clinic visit
Which list best represents influences contributing to health disparities?
Race, poverty, insurance, access to care
BMI, diet, exercise, sleep hygiene
Genetic polymorphisms, microbiome, epigenetics
Hospital bed count, nurse staffing ratios
Which statement reflects the core idea of diversity in healthcare teams?
Welcoming individuals across race, religion, culture, and identity
Providing identical training modules to all employees
Ensuring every unit follows uniform procedures and protocols
Selecting staff solely based on standardized test performance
Inclusion within clinical environments primarily aims to achieve which outcome?
Giving everyone a sense of purpose and belonging
Guaranteeing promotions occur on a fixed schedule
Separating teams to minimize interpersonal conflicts
Assigning tasks strictly based on seniority and rank
Equity differs from equality in healthcare by focusing on what?
Balancing budgets evenly across all departments
Ensuring everyone has access to conditions they need to thrive
Providing the same quantity of services to all patients
Delivering standardized care pathways without exceptions
Which example best illustrates implicit bias affecting patient care?
Publicly stated discrimination by leadership in hiring practices
Unconscious attitudes influencing clinical decisions without awareness
A transparent protocol mandating differential triage categories
A policy intentionally denying treatment to certain groups
Which item best represents the physical dimension of health?
Coping style and mood regulation
Economic status and family roles
Genetic inheritance and developmental level
Spiritual beliefs and personal values
Which example best illustrates the emotional dimension affecting health?
Mood influencing immune and endocrine function
Cognitive skills and educational background
Housing quality and sanitation access
Cultural norms shaping dietary patterns
Which factor is primarily included in the environmental dimension?
Family dynamics and lifestyle
Race and gender characteristics
Air, food, and water pollution
Problem‑solving and memory
Self‑concept most directly influences health by shaping which aspect?
Perceived identity and personal worth
Neighborhood climate and sanitation
Spiritual doctrines and rituals
Inherited traits and age-related changes
Which set of elements correctly matches the sociocultural dimension?
Economic level, lifestyle, family, culture
Age, race, gender, genetic background
Beliefs, meaning, and moral values
Climate, housing, sanitation, pollution
A nurse plans interventions to reduce risk factors for illness. Which action targets a modifiable risk?
Changing a person’s biological sex assignment
Improving sanitation and safe water access
Eliminating all air pollution citywide
Preventing genetic transmission in offspring
Which scenario best shows interaction among dimensions: a college student with high stress develops sleep problems and poorer immunity?
Emotional affecting physical function
Environmental causing spiritual conflict
Intellectual overriding sociocultural norms
Only physical dimension is involved
Which action best exemplifies the sociocultural human dimension rather than the emotional dimension?
Scheduling therapy to process grief
Keeping in touch with neighbors to build community
Practicing mindfulness to reduce anxiety
Journaling feelings after stressful shifts
Which set correctly lists all six human dimensions depicted in the diagram that compose a holistic view of a person?
Physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual
Physical, financial, intellectual, ecological, cultural, spiritual
Physiologic, emotional, cognitive, environmental, social, religious
Physical, psychological, academic, ecological, societal, spiritual
A student improves sleep and nutrition while neglecting community relationships. According to the diagram’s concept of interconnected dimensions, which two dimensions are being strengthened and neglected?
Strengthened: sociocultural; Neglected: physical
Strengthened: environmental; Neglected: emotional
Strengthened: intellectual; Neglected: spiritual
Strengthened: physical; Neglected: sociocultural
A health plan adds mindfulness practice, reduces indoor toxins, and weekly seminars to challenge thinking. Which combination of dimensions does this most directly target?
Intellectual, physical, spiritual
Physical, environmental, sociocultural
Emotional, physical, sociocultural
Spiritual, environmental, intellectual
Which statement best defines a modifiable risk factor in health?
A genetic trait inherited from parents
A behavior or condition a person can change
A characteristic a person cannot change
An environmental exposure beyond control
Which item is a nonmodifiable risk factor for illness?
Dietary sodium intake patterns
Occupational noise exposure levels
Daily physical activity routines
Age across the lifespan stages
Which list correctly names the six major areas of risk in health?
Physiology, pathogens, habits, lifestyle, income, culture
Genetics, immunity, habits, sleep, lifestyle, toxins
Age, nutrition, infection, habits, stress, community
Age, genetics, physiology, habits, lifestyle, environment
A patient has a family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease. Which risk factor category does this primarily represent?
Lifestyle influenced by social choices
Genetic factors not directly modifiable
Environmental exposures fully controllable
Physiologic factors easily modifiable
You are designing a wellness plan for a community. Which component targets modifiable risk factors most directly?
Mapping unavoidable environmental hazards
Improving health habits and lifestyle
Adjusting age-based care protocols
Screening for inherited gene variants
Which activity best represents primary prevention in health promotion?
Holding immunization clinics for communities
Scheduling annual mammography for early detection
Teaching foot care to patients with diabetes
Providing cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction
What is the core focus of secondary prevention?
Screening to find disease early
Restoring maximal patient function
Preventing disease before it occurs
Providing accident-prevention education
A nurse encourages regular medical, dental, and vision examinations. Which prevention level is this?
Tertiary prevention level
Secondary prevention level
Quaternary prevention level
Primary prevention level
Which intervention aligns with tertiary prevention?
Vision screening in school-aged children
Family planning services counseling
Poison-control education for parents
Physical therapy to prevent contractures
A woman is referred to a support group after mastectomy for cancer. What is the prevention level?
Population-level intervention
Tertiary level intervention
Secondary level intervention
Primary level intervention
Choose the best match: prevention level to example.
Primary—rehabilitation after stroke
Primary—assessing child growth and development
Secondary—immunization clinics
Tertiary—teaching diabetes complication recognition
What is an example of a nursing activity that promotes secondary prevention as a level of preventive care?
Performing range-of-motion exercises on a bedridden patient
Promoting safer sex practices in school settings
Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall
Conducting a smoking cessation class
Which statement best explains why blood pressure screening is classified as secondary prevention?
It restores function after chronic illness is diagnosed
It educates communities about general wellness behaviors
It detects disease early to enable timely treatment
It prevents disease before any risk factors exist
Which model focuses on how personal beliefs about susceptibility and benefits influence health behaviors?
Agent–host–environment
Health–illness continuum
Health promotion model
Health belief model
Which model emphasizes empowering individuals to enhance well-being through strengths and resources?
Health promotion model
Stages of Change model
Health belief model
Agent–host–environment
A framework that positions wellness and illness as points along a line is best described as which model?
Stages of Change model
Health promotion model
Agent–host–environment
Health–illness continuum
Which model explains disease occurrence through the interaction of the microorganism, the person, and surroundings?
Health–illness continuum
Agent–host–environment
Stages of Change model
Health belief model
A patient plans to quit smoking by moving from contemplation to preparation. Which model best guides this process?
Health belief model
Agent–host–environment
Health promotion model
Stages of Change model
Which model views health as a changing state along a scale with wellness and death at opposite ends?
Agent–host–environment model
Health–illness continuum
Health promotion model
Health belief model
Which component of the Health Belief Model refers to a person’s judgment about how likely they are to acquire a disease?
Behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs
Perceived seriousness of a disease
Perceived benefits of action
Perceived susceptibility to a disease
In the Health Belief Model, which set best represents modifying factors that shape health perceptions?
Cognitive, behavioral, motivational
Demographic, sociopsychological, structural
Biologic, psychological, sociocultural
Environmental, policy, economic
Identify the trio of individual perceptions that form the core of the Health Belief Model.
Risk appraisal, intention, norms
Knowledge, attitudes, practices
Barriers, self-efficacy, cues
Susceptibility, seriousness, benefits
The Health Promotion Model was developed primarily to explain how people do what as they pursue health?
Evaluate treatment outcomes
Interact with their environment
Follow provider instructions
Perceive disease threats
Which statement best captures what the Health Promotion Model incorporates to motivate behavior?
Individual characteristics and experiences
Genetic predisposition profiles
Clinical protocols and guidelines
Population-level surveillance data
According to the Health Promotion Model, which cluster of factors predicts certain health-related habits?
Personal, biologic, psychological, sociocultural
Cognitive, motivational, perceptual, affective
Demographic, environmental, cultural, fiscal
Structural, policy, economic, legal
Which variable was added in the revised Health Promotion Model to capture feelings linked to the behavior itself?
Commitment to a plan of action
Immediate competing demands
Perceived seriousness
Activity-related affect
In the revised Health Promotion Model, immediate competing demands and preferences most directly threaten which process?
Perceived susceptibility appraisal
Cognitive evaluation of benefits
Environmental interaction patterns
Commitment to a plan of action
Which statement best defines the health–illness continuum concept?
A linear measure independent of environment
A static scale separating illness from wellness
A dynamic range from death to high-level wellness
A fixed diagnostic list of disease categories
On the illustrated continuum, which position lies immediately between illness and good health?
High-level wellness
Death
Normal health
Acute disease
A student experiences major life stress but maintains exercise, sleep, and social support. Where would their status most likely move on the continuum?
Toward illness regardless of coping
Remain fixed at normal health always
Toward death due to stress exposure
Toward good health through adaptation
Which factor most directly explains why a person’s health state shifts along the continuum over time?
Permanent effects of childhood vaccinations
The continuum’s fixed positions for all individuals
Dynamic adaptation to internal and external environments
Genetic code remaining unchanged
Which component in the Agent–Host–Environment Model refers to the factor that directly causes disease?
External agent factor
Behavioral lifestyle factor
Environmental context
Susceptible host factor
Which statement best describes a limitation of the Agent–Host–Environment Model?
It excludes the role of hosts
It applies poorly to noninfectious diseases
It neglects environmental influences
It ignores agent–host interactions
A foodborne pathogen circulates in a community with poor refrigeration practices. Using the Agent–Host–Environment Model, which interaction most increases illness risk?
Virulent agent and safe storage
Susceptible hosts and warm storage
Mild agent and strong immunity
Resistant hosts and clean kitchens
Which concept captures the model’s core idea about disease causation?
Constant interaction among three factors
Single-factor exposure explains illness
Environment has no measurable impact
Host genetics solely determines risk
Which stage best describes a person who does not yet see their behavior as problematic and has no intention to change within the next six months?
Action stage with plan implementation
Determination stage with firm commitment
Contemplation stage with active weighing
Precontemplation stage with little awareness
A client has decided to quit smoking next month and is building a plan. Which stage of change does this represent?
Determination with commitment to action
Contemplation with reflective ambivalence
Action with executing the plan
Precontemplation with minimal concern
You are counseling for weight loss. Arrange the first four stages in the typical forward progression when change is successful.
Precontemplation → Contemplation → Determination → Action
Contemplation → Action → Determination → Precontemplation
Determination → Precontemplation → Action → Contemplation
Action → Determination → Contemplation → Precontemplation
A patient is following a structured exercise program and tracking behaviors weekly. Which stage is most consistent with this scenario?
Precontemplation with no change efforts
Action with implementing the plan
Contemplation with thinking about options
Determination with planning intentions
