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1st Semester Review Competition

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 3hrs 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a Punnett square used for in genetics?

a)

To measure plant growth

b)

To predict the probability of offspring traits

c)

To count chromosomes

d)

To study animal behavior

2.

Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Chromosome

d)

Allele

3.

In a monohybrid cross, how many boxes does a basic Punnett square have?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

4.

If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is called:

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous

c)

Dominant

d)

Recessive

5.

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

a)

BB

b)

Brown eyes

c)

Bb

d)

bb

6.

What do the letters inside the boxes of a Punnett square represent?

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Possible genotypes of offspring

c)

Number of offspring

d)

Types of cells

7.

If a parent has genotype BbBb , what alleles can they pass to their offspring?

a)

Only B

b)

Only b

c)

B or b

d)

BB

8.

Which of the following best describes a monohybrid cross?

a)

A cross involving two traits

b)

A cross involving one trait

c)

A cross involving three traits

d)

A cross with no traits

9.

If two heterozygous parents ( BbBb ) are crossed, what is the expected ratio of genotypes in the offspring?

a)

1:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

3:1

d)

2:2

10.

Using a Punnett square, what is the probability that offspring from parents with genotypes BBBB and bbbb will be heterozygous?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

11.

If a Punnett square shows the cross Bb×BbBb \times Bb , what is the probability of getting a homozygous recessive ( bbbb ) offspring?

a)

14\frac{1}{4}

b)

12\frac{1}{2}

c)

34\frac{3}{4}

d)

0

12.

Which genotype will show the dominant phenotype if B is dominant over b?

a)

bb

b)

Bb

c)

Both BB and Bb

d)

Only BB

13.

A Punnett square is set up for a cross between BbBb and bbbb . What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

a)

BB and Bb

b)

Bb and bb

c)

BB and bb

d)

Only bb

14.

If a plant with genotype BBBB is crossed with a plant with genotype BbBb , what percentage of the offspring will have the genotype BbBb ?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

15.

A parent with genotype bbbb can only pass which allele to its offspring?

a)

B

b)

b

c)

Both B and b

d)

None

16.

If two parents with genotype BbBb have four children, what is the expected number of children with the dominant phenotype?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

17.

A scientist crosses two pea plants, one with genotype BBBB and one with bbbb . Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and explain your reasoning.

a)

All offspring will be BbBb and show the dominant phenotype because each parent contributes one allele.

b)

Half will be BBBB and half will be bbbb , showing both phenotypes.

c)

All offspring will be bbbb and show the recessive phenotype.

d)

All offspring will be BBBB and show the dominant phenotype.

18.

Given a cross between BbBb and BbBb , what is the probability that two randomly selected offspring will both be homozygous recessive ( bbbb )? Show your reasoning.

a)

116\frac{1}{16}

b)

14\frac{1}{4}

c)

18\frac{1}{8}

d)

12\frac{1}{2}

19.

A Punnett square for a monohybrid cross shows the following genotypes: BBBB , BbBb , BbBb , bbbb . What is the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes? Explain your answer.

a)

1:1

b)

3:1

c)

2:2

d)

4:0

20.

If a parent with genotype BbBb is crossed with a parent with genotype bbbb , what is the probability that their child will be homozygous recessive? Justify your answer using a Punnett square.

a)

12\frac{1}{2}

b)

14\frac{1}{4}

c)

0

d)

1

21.

Many organisms are _____________—so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.

a)

microscopic

b)

gigantic

c)

small

d)

ordinary

22.

Even though they are both too small to see, cells are much ___________ than molecules.

a)

larger

b)

smaller

23.

Living things with ________ than normal helpful bacteria in their guts can become infected more easily because there is more food and space available for harmful bacteria.

a)

fewer

b)

more

24.

Is it possible for there to be bacteria or fungus to be growing on something without it being visible to the naked eye?

a)

Yes, bacteria and fungi are microscopic.

b)

No, we should see it if it is there.

25.

All living things are made of:

a)

nanometers

b)

cells

c)

skin

d)

DNA

26.

From the examples listed below, which are considered to be microscopic? Click all that apply.

a)

salt

b)

red blood cells

c)

bacteria

d)

marble

e)

skin cells

27.

Select all the statements that are true.

a)

All organisms are made of many cells.

b)

Cells come in different sizes and shapes.

c)

Some organisms are made of just one cell.

d)

All cells are the same size and shape.

e)

Most cells are too small to see with the naked eye.

28.

Harmful bacteria can cause ________.

a)

Sadness

b)

Infection

c)

Increased Energy

d)

Antibiotics

29.

What do bacteria do in a healthy gut microbiome? (click on all that apply)

a)

They help to break down food that your body couldn't digest otherwise.

b)

They help protect your body from infection.

c)

They cause food poisoning.

30.

All of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as the human body is called...

a)

organisms

b)

microscopic

c)

cell

d)

microbiome

31.

An organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

a)

organism

b)

microscopic

c)

cell

d)

microorganism

32.

What are the 3 molecules your cells need to function properly.

a)

glucose

b)

fiber

c)

protein

d)

amino acids

e)

oxygen

33.

The intestines break protein down into ____________.

a)

glucose

b)

starch

c)

amino acids

d)

oxygen

34.

The intestines break starch into ____________.

a)

oxygen

b)

amino acids

c)

protein

d)

glucose

35.

Which system takes oxygen into the body?

a)

circulatory

b)

respiratory

c)

digestive

d)

muscular

36.

Which system takes food into the body?

a)

muscular

b)

circulatory

c)

respiratory

d)

digestive

37.

Stella's respiratory system is not working well. Why is this a problem for her ability to exercise?

a)

Her respiratory system will not be able to break down molecules from air into oxygen.

b)

Her cells will not work well when they have low levels of oxygen.

c)

Her digestive system will have to work twice as hard to get the same amount of energy from glucose molecules.

d)

Her cells will not work because molecules from air will be too large for her body to use.

38.

What does the circulatory system do?

a)

Stores glucose for use at a later time.

b)

Breaks down starch.

c)

Breaks down protein.

d)

Carry the molecules to the cells and other body systems.

39.

Which molecules don't need to be broken down?

a)

starch

b)

oxygen

c)

protein

d)

amino acids

40.

Jaxson was tested to find out what molecules was inside his cells. His cells contained normal levels of oxygen, low levels of amino acid molecules, and low levels of glucose. Will Jaxson be able to exercise normally?

a)

Yes, as long as his cells have enough oxygen, he can exercise.

b)

No, his cells need glucose to react with oxygen to release enough energy to exercise.

c)

No, his cells need more amino acid molecules.

d)

No, his cells need glucose to react with amino acids.

41.

What still needs to be revised in the digestive system of this model?

a)

There should be water added

b)

The fiber should be replaced with amino acid

c)

The fiber should be replaced with glucose

d)

There should be oxygen added

42.

What should still be revised in the cell of this model?

a)

There should be protein added

b)

There should be glucose added

c)

There should be starch added

d)

There should be more oxygen added

43.

What needs to still be revised about the digestive system on this model?

a)

The arrow should be removed

b)

The arrow should be moved between starch and protein

c)

The arrow should be moved between starch and amino acid

d)

The arrow should be moved between starch and glucose

44.

Which molecules do we get from the air around us?

a)

carbon dioxide molecules

b)

oxygen molecules

c)

water molecules

d)

protein molecules

45.

Which list contains protein-rich foods:

a)

beans, fruits, and grains

b)

beans, meat, and eggs

c)

beans, meat, and vegetables

d)

meat, fruits, and grains

46.

Which list has foods that contain starch:

a)

fruit, beans, and eggs

b)

vegetables, meat, and grains

c)

fruits, vegetables, and grains

d)

grains, eggs, and fruit

47.

What does the cells use during cellular respiration?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

48.

Stella’s respiratory system is not working well. Why is this a problem for her ability to exercise?

a)

Her respiratory system will not be able to break down molecules from air into oxygen.

b)

Her cells will not work well when they have low levels of oxygen.

c)

Her digestive system will have to work twice as hard to get the same amount of energy from glucose molecules.

d)

Her cells will not work because molecules from air will be too large for her body to use.

49.

A patient has been eating healthy foods, but her respiratory system is not working as well as it usually does. Can this patient still exercise normally?

a)

Yes, her body can get everything it needs for energy from molecules in food.

b)

No, her respiratory system does not have enough oxygen to combine together to release energy.

c)

No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with glucose and release energy.

d)

No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with proteins to release energy.

50.

the chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose that releases energy into cells

a)

metabolism

b)

diabetes

c)

cellular respiration

d)

anemia

51.

Which molecules are necessary for cells to produce energy?

a)

only glucose

b)

only oxygen

c)

glucose and oxygen

d)

glucose and amino acids

52.

Select the three steps of what an athletes does when they are blood doping.

a)

She/he chills the blood and stores it.

b)

she adds the blood to the smoothie

c)

she drinks the blood

d)

She/he removes the blood from her body

e)

She/he puts the blood back into her body just before a competition

53.

What system is involved in helping the process of blood doping happened in our body?

a)

Circulatory System

b)

Respiratory System

c)

Digestive System

54.

What effect does more oxygen in your cells have on cellular respiration?

a)

It harms cellular respiration which decreases the energy cells create

b)

It harms cellular respiration which increases the energy cells create

c)

It improves cellular respiration which decreases the energy cells create

d)

It improves cellular respiration which increases the energy cells create

55.

The space exploration program has hired you for advice on how to keep astronauts healthy in the space shuttle. How can the program's doctors make sure the astronauts’ bodies work well enough to exercise in space?

a)

The doctors could make sure that the astronauts’ bodies can make enough energy by getting enough sleep.

b)

The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ stomachs are getting the molecules they need from food and air.

c)

The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ cells are getting the molecules they need from food and air.

d)

The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ cells are getting different types of molecules from food.

56.

2. Some types of syrup are almost entirely made of glucose molecules. If a person ate some syrup like this, what would happen to her ability to exercise?

a)

It would be harder for her to exercise because her digestive system would need to use more enzymes to combine the glucose molecules together.

b)

It would be easier for her to exercise because glucose moves through the circulatory system faster than other food molecules usually do.

c)

Nothing would happen to her ability to exercise, but her respiratory system would not work as hard, since glucose has more energy than oxygen molecules.

d)

Nothing would happen to her ability to exercise, but her digestive system would not work as hard, since glucose is already small enough to get to her cells.

57.

Doctors tested a patient and found that his cells contained normal levels of oxygen and glucose molecules, and no starch molecules. Will this patient be able to exercise normally?

a)

Yes, the glucose and oxygen molecules can react together to release energy for the body to function.

b)

No, his digestive system is not breaking down food molecules; his cells need starch molecules to react with glucose, which releases energy.

c)

No, his body systems are working, but he needs to eat different food; in cells, only amino acids can react with oxygen to release energy.

d)

Yes, as long as his cells have glucose, they don’t need anything else to release energy for the body to function.

58.

4. Some problems with the digestive system make it very difficult for the body to digest enough food. Why would it be harder to exercise when you have a digestion problem like this?

a)

You would not be able to sleep, which would make you too tired to exercise.

b)

Your cells would have molecules from air, but would not get enough molecules from food.

c)

You would need to breathe in a lot more air because your body would have fewer molecules from food.

d)

You would not get any of the molecules your cells need to exercise.

59.

5. The test report above shows the level of molecules in different parts of the patient’s body. How would you expect this patient to do on an exercise test?

a)

Well; his body is working properly.

b)

Poorly; his digestive system is not combining glucose molecules together for the cells to use.

c)

Poorly; his digestive system is not breaking down molecules from food into glucose.

d)

Poorly; his respiratory system is not breaking down oxygen molecules into glucose.

60.

12. A patient has been eating healthy foods, but her respiratory system is not working as well as it usually does. Can this patient still exercise normally?

a)

Yes, her body can get everything it needs for energy from molecules in food.

b)

No, her respiratory system does not have enough oxygen to combine together to release energy.

c)

No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with glucose and release energy.

d)

No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with proteins to release energy.

61.

11. Jamal ate a meal of rice before seeing his doctor. Rice is made of mostly starch molecules. Jamal has been feeling tired a lot, so his doctor gave him a test that found that Jamal’s cells contained normal levels of oxygen and low levels of glucose. Does this explain why Jamal has been feeling tired?

a)

Yes, Jamal's respiratory system is working, but his digestive system is not turning the oxygen into glucose.

b)

Yes, Jamal's respiratory system is working, but his digestive system is not breaking down starch molecules into glucose for his cells.

c)

Yes, Jamal's digestive system is working, but his respiratory system has too much oxygen, so his body stopped making energy.

d)

No, something else must be wrong with Jamal because his cells have all the molecules they need.

62.

any difference in traits between individual organisms

a)

reasoning

b)

trait

c)

variation

d)

structure

63.

a specific form of a gene that provides instructions for making a particular protein molecule

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

allele

d)

chromosome

64.

a proposed answer to a question about the natural world

a)

chromosome

b)

inherit

c)

gene

d)

claim

65.

a long piece of DNA that contains many genes

a)

chromosome

b)

allele

c)

scientific argumentation

d)

reasoning

66.

a type of molecule that genes and chromosomes are made of

a)

fertilization

b)

genes

c)

DNA

d)

feature

67.

information about the natural world that is used to support or go against (refute) a claim

a)

scientific argument

b)

evidence

c)

reasoning

d)

claim

68.

when a male and a female reproductive cell combine to create an offspring

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

fertilization

c)

allele

d)

heterozygous

69.

an instruction for making a protein molecule

a)

reasoning

b)

trait

c)

allele

d)

gene

70.

having gene versions that are different

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

trait

d)

gene

71.

having gene versions that are the same

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

trait

d)

gene

72.

to receive genes from a parent

a)

claim

b)

reasoning

c)

inherit

d)

evidence

73.

a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait

a)

chromosome

b)

mutation

c)

trait

d)

allele

74.

the part of a cell where genes are found

a)

nucleus

b)

allele

c)

offspring

d)

ribosome

75.

an organism produced as a result of reproduction

a)

heterozygous

b)

offspring

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

reasoning

76.

a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside organisms

a)

allele

b)

chromosome

c)

ribosome

d)

protein molecule

77.

the parts of the cell that build protein molecules based on instructions from genes

a)

trait

b)

chromsome

c)

allele

d)

ribosomes

78.

the process in which two parents pass on their genes to create offspring

a)

offspring

b)

trait

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

feauture

79.

a specific characteristic of an individual organism

a)

trait

b)

feature

c)

structure

d)

gene

80.

What is the proper spelling of DNA?

a)

Deoxyribonucleusacid

b)

Dioxidizednucleusacids

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Dioxiribonucleic acid

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