Study of the use cost-effectiveness of drug treatments

The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.

The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical process by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.

Type of Drug Class that once present, can alter the biochemical and physiologic activities of the cell.

Dobutamine which is an α – receptor agonist is a type of ________.

What type of Thyroid Hormone is used commercially as a replenisher to alleviate hypothyroidism.

Antibiotics is a type of ________.

Effect of Drugs in the Body

Fate and Disposition - LADME

Study of preparing and dispensing drugs

Study of poison usually produced by plant or animal

Filipinos are considered as _______, hence they experience _____ as SE of INH

Refers to a drug that have almost exclusively harmful effects.

Toxin from pufferfish

Toxin from shellfish

Toxin from molds of peanuts

An odorless, tasteless, colorless, nonirritating gas formed by hydrocarbon combustion which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood leading to ______.

Antiparasitic drug that leads to worm segmentation

A farmer was rushed to the ER because he had burns and irritations due to poison ivy exposure. That area is related to study his case?

Lipophilicity, Degree of Ionization, and Molecular weight are examples of _____.

The intensity and quality of effect.

First proposed that drug actions were mediated by chemical receptors.

Refers to any molecule which attaches selectively to particular receptors or sites. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

It is the component of a cell or organism that interacts with a drug and initiates the chain of events leading to drug’s observed effects.

In the lock and key concept, the lock serves as the _______, while the key serves as the _______.

Capacity of a drug to form the complex with its receptor.

The ability of a drug to trigger the pharmacological response after making the drug-receptor complex.

Activates a receptor to produce a submaximal effect.

Has an intrinsic activity of less than zero.

Has both high affinity and high intrinsic activity.

C is a type of ________ ligand. Refer to the graph showing response versus drug concentration with curves labeled A, B, C, and D; curve C is a flat line indicating no change in response.

A patient was rushed to the ER because her symptoms of schizophrenia were not alleviated even after taking her medicines. The pharmacist checked the patient medication profile and found she was taking Phenylephrine and Aripiprazole at the same time. Phenylephrine has an activation ability of 1 while Aripiprazole has an activation ability of more than 0 but less than 1. Which among the drugs is a Full Agonist?

A patient was rushed to the ER because her symptoms of schizophrenia were not alleviated even after taking her medicines. The pharmacist checked the patient medication profile and found she was taking Phenylephrine and Aripiprazole at the same time. Phenylephrine has an activation ability of 1 while Aripiprazole has an activation ability of more than 0 but less than 1. Which among the drugs is a Partial Agonist?

A patient was rushed to the ER because her symptoms of schizophrenia were not alleviated even after taking her medicines. The pharmacist checked the patient medication profile and found she was taking Phenylephrine and Aripiprazole at the same time. Phenylephrine has an activation ability of 1 while Aripiprazole has an activation ability of more than 0 but less than 1. Which among the drugs have a mixed agonist–antagonist action?

A patient was rushed to the ER because her symptoms of schizophrenia were not alleviated even after taking her medicines. The pharmacist checked the patient medication profile and found she was taking Phenylephrine and Aripiprazole at the same time. Phenylephrine has an activation ability of 1 while Aripiprazole has an activation ability of more than 0 but less than 1. Which among the drugs have higher binding activity?

A patient was rushed to the ER because her symptoms of schizophrenia were not alleviated even after taking her medicines. The pharmacist checked the patient medication profile and found she was taking Phenylephrine and Aripiprazole at the same time. Phenylephrine has an activation ability of 1 while Aripiprazole has an activation ability of more than 0 but less than 1. Which drug will not be able to bind at the α-receptor and not be able to elicit its effects?

MOA antagonism where two ligands act on different targets producing opposite effects.

MOA antagonism where two ligands act on the same targets producing opposite effects.

Antagonism based on duration of interaction where weak forces are formed such as Van der Waals and hydrogen bonding.

Antagonism based on duration of interaction where strong forces are formed such as covalent bonds.

Case scenario: Histamine is an autacoid responsible for stimulating acid secretion by binding to histamine receptors found in the parietal cells of the stomach. Omeprazole is a drug responsible for inhibiting acid secretion by binding to proton pump receptors found in parietal cells of the stomach. What is the type of antagonism shown in the scenario?

Case scenario: Histamine is an autacoid responsible for stimulating acid secretion by binding to histamine receptors found in the parietal cells of the stomach. Omeprazole is a drug responsible for inhibiting acid secretion by binding to proton pump receptors found in parietal cells of the stomach. What will happen if the two drugs are taken together by the patient?

Case scenario: Ropinirole is a dopamine receptor agonist used as a first-line treatment for restless legs syndrome. Haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for schizophrenia. What is the type of antagonism shown in the scenario?

Case scenario: A patient was rushed to the ER due to malathion ingestion and inhalation. Malathion is a pesticide which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine. If the incident happened within 24 hours, atropine is given. If the poisoning happened after 24 hours, pralidoxime is given. Pralidoxime is given when the antagonism’s duration of action is ________.

Case scenario: A patient was rushed to the ER due to malathion ingestion and inhalation. Malathion is a pesticide which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine. If the incident happened within 24 hours, atropine is given. If the poisoning happened after 24 hours, pralidoxime is given. Atropine is given when the antagonism’s duration of action is ________.

It is usually the desired effect that leads to its therapeutic use. Which combination best describes this effect?

It is the unintended effect.

Alter cell function by drug–receptor interactions.

Alter the cell environment by physical or chemical processes.

Type of regulatory protein that conduct changes in ion channels.

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic blocking sodium channels. What is its effect on VGIC?

Minoxidil is an arterial vasodilator acting on potassium channels through activation. What is its effect on VGIC?

NAP, NCX, and PPI are ______ type of regulatory proteins.

Case scenario: A patient experiencing heart failure was given digoxin. After a few minutes, the contraction of the patient’s heart stabilized. How will digoxin alleviate heart failure?

Case scenario: A patient experiencing heart failure was given digoxin. After a few minutes, the contraction of the patient’s heart stabilized. What effect does digoxin give?

All are proton pump inhibitors, EXCEPT.

Biological catalysts that hasten catalytic reactions.

Moclobemide is a ______ selective inhibitor. That is why it is given to ______.

Selegiline is a ______ selective inhibitor. That is why it is given to ______.