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PSY 113 Final Review

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Define: Psychology

a)

The scientific study of mental processes

b)

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

c)

The scientific study of behavior

2.

Who was nicknamed the "Father of Psychology"?

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

Sir Francis Bacon

3.

Which early psychological perspective believed that the mind can be broken up into separate parts like emotions and sensations?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

4.

Who is credited with coming up with structuralism?

a)

Sir Francis Bacon

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

5.

Who came up with the idea of functionalism, which means that the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play?

a)

Sir Francis Bacon

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

6.

Who was the first woman to earn her PhD in psychology?

a)

Margaret Washburn

b)

Mary Whiton Calkins

7.

This type of psychology says that "The whole is more than the sum of its parts."

a)

Gestalt

b)

Structuralism

c)

Functionalism

d)

Psychodynamic

8.
The first modern psychologist who was interested in the uncounsious minds was
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Francis Galton
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
Ivan Pavlov
9.

Sigmund Freud was the founder of which approach in psychology?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Cognitive

d)

Humanistic

10.

Which area of psychology is focused on free will and self-actualization?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Cognitive

d)

Humanistic

11.

Which area of psychology is focused on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language, and learning?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Cognitive

d)

Humanistic

12.

Which area of psychology is focused on the study of groups, social roles, and rules of social actions and relationships?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Humanistic

c)

Social

d)

Cultural

13.

Which area of psychology is focused on the study of cultural norms, values, and expectations?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Humanistic

c)

Social

d)

Cultural

14.

A psychologist who analyzes observable behavior & studies conditioning & reinforcement is a...

a)
behaviorist
b)
functionalist
c)
structuralist
d)
psychoanalyst
15.

What is the psychological perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and activity of the nervous system?

a)

behavioral

b)

evolutionary

c)

psychodynamic

d)

biopsychological

16.

Which area of psychology focuses on behavior as having an adaptive or survival value?

a)

Biopsychological

b)

Behaviorism

c)

Evolutionary

d)

Cultural

17.
The idea that tension is created when a person senses inconsistencies. They feel bad when they perceive they are behaving in a manner that contradicts their beliefs, for instance.
a)
Mere Exposure Effect
b)
Central Route of Persuasion
c)
Norms of Reciprocity
d)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
e)
Foot in the door Phenomenon
18.
Starting with a small request and building to something bigger. The hope is that the person will agree to the bigger request because they’ve already agreed to the smaller one.
a)
stereotype
b)
Prejudice
c)
Norms of Reciprocity
d)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
e)
Foot in the door Phenomenon
19.
An action based on a prejudice.
a)
Prejudice
b)
Discrimination
c)
stereotype
d)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
e)
mere exposure effect
20.
adjusting our behavior or thinking to go along with group standards
a)
social norms
b)
prejudice
c)
conformity
d)
in-group
e)
cognitive dissonance theory
21.
a form of social influence given in response to a direct order or command
a)
social norms
b)
obedience
c)
conformity
d)

prejudice

e)
cognitive dissonance theory
22.
when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation
a)
social norms
b)
in-group
c)
bystander effect
d)
obedience
e)
cognitive dissonance theory
23.

Which psychologist developed an experiment based on obedience to authority based on people's willingness to shock test subjects?

a)

Zimbardo

b)

Asch

c)

Milgram

d)

Freud

24.
What did the electric shock experiment show? 
a)
Most people will obey orders, even when it harms others. 
b)
Morality is more important to people than being obedient 
c)
Most people prefer social acceptance than to be correct. 
d)
Conformity can lead to obedience 
25.
What term refers to the phenomenon in which a group of people are less likely to help out in an emergency than an individual? 
a)
Bystander Effect
b)
Diffusion of Responsibility 
c)
Conformity
d)
Assumption of Responsibility
26.
The mental stress or discomfort caused ban individual experiencing inconsistency between thoughts and actions. 
a)
Cognitive Dissonance
b)
Groupthink
c)
Deindividuation
d)
Attitude
27.
An experiment in which "participants" unanimously choose the wrong line. It is clear to you that they are wrong, but they have all given the same answer.
a)
Stanley Milgram Shock Experiment
b)
Leon Festinger Cognitive Dissonance Experiment
c)
Solomon Asch Line Experiment
d)
Philip Zimbardo Prison Experiment
28.

Who studied unconscious and conscious behavior?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

John B. Watson

29.

Which perspective believed psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts?

a)

Humanistic

b)

Behaviorism

c)

Functionalism

d)

Structuralism

30.

Which perspective believed psychology should emphasize the potential for growth of each human being and an individual’s freedom to make their own decisions?

a)

Biological

b)

Humanistic

c)

Psychodynamic

d)

Behavioral

31.

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is

a)

psychology

b)

biology

c)

morality

d)

physiology

32.

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ______________.

a)

William James

b)

William Tell

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

Sigmund Freud

33.

Considered to be the 'father of Psychology'

a)

Descartes

b)

Wundt

c)

Freud

d)

Klein

34.

This individual was responsible for accidentally discovering classical conditioning.

a)

Maslow

b)

Pavlov

c)

Watson

d)

Wundt

35.

A method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is

formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.

a)

norm

b)

scientific method

c)

cognitive

36.

The term that means of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning,

a)

norm

b)

physiological

c)

cognitive

37.

The study of mental illness, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behavior.

a)

sociology

b)

anthropology

c)

government

d)

psychiatry

38.

A medical doctor who studies mental illness, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behavior.

a)

psychologist

b)

sociologist

c)

scientist

d)

psychiatrist

39.

The DSM V is a book used to do what?

a)

classifies mental disorders and describes the symptoms of each

b)

is useful for determining sanity and insanity but nothing more

c)

was once useful but no longer applies today

d)

was once useful but no longer applies today

40.
A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
a)
Maladaptive 
b)
Crazy
c)
Uncategorized 
d)
Learned 
41.

Which subspecialty in psychology focuses on the cognitive differences between a 6-year-old and a 12-year-old?

a)

neuropsychologist

b)

developmental

42.

any action that people can observe or measure

a)

behavior

b)

psychology

c)

sociology

d)

cognition

43.
A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-V-TR in order to ________ various psychological disorders.
a)
cure
b)
prevent
c)
excuse
d)
identify
44.

Classical Conditioning, Foundation for Behaviorism

a)

Dorthea Dix

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

William James

e)

Ivan Pavlov

45.

Person-Centered Therapy. Unconditional Positive Regard to become a fully-functioning person

a)

Carl Rogers

b)

G. Stanley Hall

c)

BF Skinner

d)

John Watson

e)

Jean Piaget

46.

Which theory of behavior believes that we think and perceive in whole units rather than the parts?

a)

Introspection

b)

Gestalt

c)

Structuralism

d)

Functionalism

47.

Which organization licenses and certifies Psychologists?

a)

N.B.A.

b)

A.P.A.

c)

A.A.A.

d)

P.B.A.

48.

This viewpoint believed that simply describing something based on personal beliefs was the best way to understand it.

a)

Empiricism

b)

Pragmatism

c)

Dogmatism

d)

Nativism

49.

An idea about how something works is called a ________.

a)

Theory

b)

Hypothesis

c)

Observation

d)

Experiment

50.

“Alien Cows live on an exoplanet 5000 light years away” is an example of a(n) ________.

a)

Falsifiable Hypothesis

b)

Unfalsifiable Hypothesis

51.

“The Earth is flat” is an example of a(n) _______.

a)

Falsifiable Hypothesis

b)

Unfalsifiable Hypothesis

52.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why studying human behavior is difficult?

a)

People are complex

b)

People are variable

c)

People are resistant

d)

People are reactive

53.

Which of the following is an operational definition of stress?

a)

a state of worry or mental tension

b)

A score on the Perceived Stress Scale Survey

c)

the impact of internal and external pressure

d)

Feeling overwhelmed

54.

Professor Rowan’s test can measure if a person smiles more during hour 2 of the study than hour 1; however, it can’t detect if the person smiles the same amount during hours 1 and 2. Their test is:

a)

Powerful and Reliable

b)

Not powerful but Reliable

c)

Powerful but not Reliable

d)

Not Powerful or Reliable

55.

Which solution to observer bias hides the true purpose of an observation until the study is over?

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Privacy

c)

Control

d)

Unawareness

56.

What is experienced when expectations influence a researcher's observations?

a)

Observer Bias

b)

Expectation Effect

c)

Demand Characteristics

d)

Observational Influence

57.

Professor Rowan found that as the number of smiles per hour decreased, the happiness level of participants decreased. Are these variables correlated?

a)

No.

b)

Yes, they are positively correlated

c)

Yes, they are negatively correlated

58.

Professor Rowan changes the wall paint color of the test room between participants to see the impact of color on the number of smiles in an hour. What is the dependent variable?

a)

Wall paint color

b)

Number of smiles in an hour

c)

Happiness

d)

Participant

59.

What type of validity do experiments have if they can establish causal relationships?

a)

Internal Validity

b)

Construct Validity

c)

External Validity

d)

Concept Validity

60.

This type of restriction is caused by the use of samples rather than populations in studies.

a)

Representativeness Restriction

b)

Generalizability Restriction

c)

Reliability Restriction

61.

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of ethical research?

a)

Respecting People

b)

Respecting Animals

c)

Respecting Nature

d)

Respecting Truth

62.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the Belmont report?

a)

Research should show respect for persons.

b)

Research should be informed.

c)

Research should be beneficent.

d)

Research should be just.

63.

What must be minimized when using animals in research?

a)

Discomfort/Pain

b)

Infection

c)

Illness

d)

All of the above

64.

The majority of psychology studies use animals.

a)

True

b)

False