WorksheetsКультурология.
Total questions: 160
Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
1. The term "hegemony," as used in Cultural Studies to describe the dominant cultural norms and values that maintain social control, was originally developed by which thinker?
a)
E) Clifford Geertz
b)
C) Antonio Gramsci
c)
D) Jean Baudrillard
d)
B) Theodor Adorno
e)
A) Karl Marx
2.
2. What is the main focus of cultural relativism in Cultural Studies?
a)
C) That each culture must be understood in its own terms without ethnocentric judgment
b)
E) That culture is determined solely by economic systems
c)
D) The classification of cultures according to religious traditions
d)
B) That all cultural practices should be judged by universal moral standards
e)
A) The belief that some cultures are more advanced than others
3.
3. What role does media play in Cultural Studies?
a)
D) It is studied mainly for its technological innovations
b)
C) It is analyzed as a powerful tool that shapes ideology, identity, and cultural norms
c)
A) It is considered a neutral transmitter of factual information
d)
B) It is ignored in favor of traditional cultural expressions
e)
E) It is valued only for its entertainment function
4.
4. Which of the following best defines culture in the context of Cultural Studies?
a)
C) The shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts of a group
b)
B) The collection of economic systems in a society
c)
A) The study of biology and human evolution
d)
D) The formal political structure of a society
e)
E) A static and unchanging tradition passed through generations
5.
5. Akhmet Baitursynov is primarily known for:
a)
E) Translating Chinese classics
b)
C) Creating the Kazakh alphabet reform and linguistic studies
c)
D) Organizing musical festivals
d)
A) Writing romantic poetry
e)
B) Leading the Red Army
6.
6. Who is considered the father of American cultural anthropology?
a)
C) Lewis Henry Morgan
b)
D) Michel Foucault
c)
A) Clifford Geertz
d)
B) Bronisław Malinowski
e)
E) Franz Boas
7.
7. The philosophy of "Homo Ludens" by Johan Huizinga emphasizes:
a)
A) War as the foundation of culture
b)
E) Politics as the highest cultural form
c)
B) Logic as the main human function
d)
C) Play as the basis of culture and civilization
e)
D) Economy as the root of culture
8.
8. What is the difference between material and non-material culture
a)
C) One includes physical objects, the other includes beliefs and values
b)
D) Both are the same
c)
A) One is old, one is new
d)
B) One is correct, one is wrong
e)
E) One is superior to the other
9.
9. Which term is associated with Margaret Mead's studies of adolescence in Samoan society?
a)
C) Ethnocentrism
b)
A) Cultural conflict
c)
E) Power dynamics
d)
D) Technological determinism
e)
B) Cultural relativism
10.
10. Which concept describes the coexistence of diverse cultures in one society?
a)
D) Ethnocentrism
b)
C) Cultural purity
c)
E) Colonialism
d)
B) Multiculturalism
e)
A) Nationalism
11.
11. Researchers believe that an individual's norms and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own cultural context. This concept is referred to as:
a)
Cultural interpretation
b)
Cultural sensitivity
c)
Cultural relativism
d)
Cultural boundaries
e)
Cultural aspect
12.
12. An exchange student travels to Morocco to learn local language and culture. The first month he was there, he spent a lot of time at local bazaars where he learned about Moroccan "material culture". Which of the following is not an example of material culture?
a)
Traditions
b)
Vases
c)
Artifacts
d)
Souvenirs
e)
Necklaces
13.
13. Proper gestures and body language are important during business interactions. When conducting business with
other cultures, how should we understand gestures (such as shaking your head)?
a)
Gestures are understood by people and animals in the same way
b)
Gestures are interpreted in the same way by all cultures
c)
Gestures are not needed
d)
Gestures are defined uniquely by each culture
e)
Gestures are universal
14.
14. Samat travels to a new country. While in line at the train station, other people stand very close to him closer than in his country. He immediately feels anxious and uncomfortable. The disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life changes in social environments is referred to as:
a)
Culture shock
b)
Culture clash
c)
Cultural independency
d)
Cultural sickness
e)
Cultural dependency
15.
15. The philosophy of "Homo Ludens" by Johan Huizinga emphasizes:
a)
A) War as the foundation of culture
b)
E) Politics as the highest cultural form
c)
D) Economy as the root of culture
d)
B) Logic as the main human function
e)
C) Play as the basis of culture and civilization
16.
16. What is Al-Farabi best known for in the history of philosophy?
a)
B) Founding political theory
b)
E) Inventing the printing press
c)
A) Discovering algebra
d)
C) Synthesizing Greek philosophy with Islamic thought
e)
D) Writing only in poetry
17.
17. What is the title of Al-Farabi's most famous political work?
a)
A) The Republic
b)
E) The Perfect Soul
c)
C) The Virtuous City (al-Madina al-Fadila)
d)
D) The Path to Wisdom
e)
B) The Book of Justice
18.
18. Which of the following is a prominent symbol of modern Kazakh national identity?
a)
D) Tundra
b)
E) Dombyra
c)
A) Yurt
d)
C) Silk
e)
B) Golden Man (Altyn Adam)
19.
19. What is the traditional Kazakh string instrument often used in contemporary performances?
a)
C) Dombyra
b)
B) Kyl-kobyz
c)
D) Balalaika
d)
A) Komuz
e)
E) Oud
20.
20. Which city is considered the cultural and creative hub of modern Kazakhstan?
a)
B) Almaty
b)
C) Turkestan
c)
D) Atyrau
d)
A) Aktobe
e)
E) Shymkent
21.
21. The "Rukhani Zhangyru" program aims to:
a)
B) Modernize national identity through culture and education
b)
E) Open casinos
c)
C) Expand natural gas
d)
D) Promote agriculture
e)
A) Build more highways
22.
22. Which element is often used in modern Kazakh fashion design?
a)
E) Leather only
b)
A) Silk from China
c)
B) Wool from Europe
d)
C) Traditional ornaments and embroidery
e)
D) Denim only
23.
23. "The Mind of Primitive Man" was written by:
a)
A) Franz Boas
b)
B) Edward Tylor
c)
D) Raymond Williams
d)
C) Bronisław Malinowski
e)
E) Stuart Hall
24.
24. Ernst Cassirer believed that humans are:
a)
D) Power seekers
b)
A) Political animals
c)
B) Rational calculators
d)
C) Symbolic animals
e)
E) Economic beings
25.
25. What is a "cultural code"?
a)
C) A set of symbolic systems and meanings shared by a culture
b)
E) A scientific theory of biology
c)
D) A computer program
d)
B) A universal legal system
e)
A) A genetic structure that determines culture
26.
26. A cultural code can best be described as:
a)
A) The rules of grammar
b)
D) The climate of a region
c)
B) The visual appearance of a culture
d)
E) Religious texts only
e)
C) A deep structure of meanings, myths, and values that influence behavior
27.
27. In media and communication studies, cultural codes are used to:
a)
E) Produce industrial goods
b)
C) Set economic policies
c)
D) Interpret weather data
d)
B) Decode and analyze meaning in texts and media
e)
A) Create scientific models
28.
28. Which of the following fields most frequently studies cultural codes?
a)
E) Architecture
b)
A) Chemistry
c)
C) Culturology and Anthropology
d)
D) Geometry
e)
B) Engineering
29.
29. The idea that "food is a communication system" comes from which approach?
a)
E) Pharmacology
b)
B) Semiotics
c)
D) Behavioral economics
d)
C) Astronomy
e)
A) Political science
30.
30. When someone misinterprets a cultural gesture, it may be due to:
a)
B) Lack of education
b)
C) A misunderstanding of the cultural code
c)
A) Language error
d)
D) Memory loss
e)
E) Technology failure
31.
31. Which concept best describes a community's general perception of the world and human existence?
a)
D) Fashion
b)
A) Legislation
c)
C) Geography
d)
E) Demographics
e)
B) Worldview
32.
32. How are ethos and worldview transmitted within a culture?
a)
D) Through religion and art
b)
C) Through language and communication
c)
B) Through traditions and rituals
d)
E) All of the above
e)
A) Through media and education
33.
33. What does the term "ethos" refer to in cultural studies?
a)
A) Economic structure
b)
E) A form of entertainment
c)
D) A political ideology
d)
B) A set of ethical norms and moral attitudes shared by a community
e)
C) The biological traits of a population
34.
34. Which of the following is an element of non-material culture?
a)
B) Language
b)
D) Clothing
c)
E) Food
d)
C) Tools
e)
A) Architecture
35.
35. What term refers to judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture?
a)
B) Cultural relativism
b)
A) Multiculturalism
c)
E) Enculturation
d)
C) Ethnocentrism
e)
D) Cultural diffusion
36.
36. What is the most commonly accepted definition of culture?
a)
D) Economic system of a nation
b)
C) Shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group
c)
B) Technological advancement
d)
A) Biological inheritance
e)
E) Physical environment
37.
37. Which studio has historically played a central role in producing Kazakh films?
a)
E) Alatau Films
b)
B) Kazakhfilm
c)
A) Studio Mosfilm
d)
C) Central Asia Pictures
e)
D) Steppe Studios
38.
38. What is the primary function of language in human society?
a)
B) Survival instinct
b)
A) Decoration
c)
E) Imitation
d)
C) Communication
e)
D) Genetic transfer
39.
39. What is non-verbal communication?
a)
E) Silent reading
b)
A) Communication using language
c)
D) Grammar correction
d)
C) Writing emails
e)
B) Communication without words
40.
40. Which of the following is NOT a component of verbal communication?
a)
B) Syntax
b)
E) Grammar
c)
D) Facial expressions
d)
C) Tone of voice
e)
A) Vocabulary
41.
41. What is digitalization in the context of culture?
a)
C) The integration of digital technologies into cultural practices and institutions
b)
D) The destruction of traditional customs
c)
B) Applying mathematical models to society
d)
E) The development of agricultural tools
e)
A) Using paper records for data storage
42.
42. Which of the following is an example of digital culture?
a)
B) Oral storytelling
b)
A) Traditional dances
c)
E) Religious rituals
d)
C) Social media content creation
e)
D) Folk art
43.
43. What does the term "digital divide" refer to?
a)
A) The separation of urban and rural areas
b)
C) The difference between two cultures
c)
B) The gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not
d)
E) Generational change in language
e)
D) A global peace treaty
44.
44. Which of the following best illustrates global digital culture?
a)
E) National flags
b)
D) Religious sermons
c)
B) Traditional pottery
d)
C) Viral internet memes
e)
A) A local newspaper
45.
45. What role does artificial intelligence (AI) play in digital culture?
a)
C) It replaces humans in sports
b)
B) It helps translate languages, create art, and analyze cultural data
c)
A) It is used only in factories
d)
E) It prevents online learning
e)
D) It destroys internet access
46.
46. Digital humanities refers to:
a)
B) Study of ancient tools
b)
D) Replacement of books with robots
c)
C) The use of digital tools to study humanities disciplines
d)
E) Natural sciences
e)
A) A new religion
47.
47. Which social media platform is known for its cultural influence globally?
a)
E) Firefox
b)
A) Telegram
c)
C) TikTok
d)
D) Excel
e)
B) WhatsApp
48.
48. Which technology is commonly used in the digital preservation of cultural sites?
a)
E) Morse code
b)
C) 3D scanning and virtual reality
c)
D) Typewriters
d)
B) Artificial intelligence
e)
A) Steam engines
49.
49. Which of the following is an example of digital culture?
a)
D) Folk art
b)
A) Traditional dances
c)
C) Social media content creation
d)
E) Religious rituals
e)
B) Oral storytelling
50.
50. What is digitalization in the context of culture?
a)
E) The development of agricultural tools
b)
C) The integration of digital technologies into cultural practices and institutions
c)
D) The destruction of traditional customs
d)
A) Using paper records for data storage
e)
B) Applying mathematical models to society
51.
51. How has digitalization changed the way cultural heritage is preserved?
a)
E) It limits international cooperation
b)
A) It has reduced access to heritage
c)
C) It destroys historical records
d)
B) It allows for digital archiving and wider dissemination
e)
D) It prevents cultural exchange
52.
52. What is semiotics?
a)
D) The study of grammar rules
b)
A) The study of stars
c)
E) The study of human anatomy
d)
B) The study of historical facts
e)
C) The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation
53.
53. Who is considered one of the founding fathers of modern semiotics?
a)
B) Charles Darwin
b)
A) Karl Marx
c)
C) Ferdinand de Saussure
d)
D) Albert Einstein
e)
E) Max Weber
54.
54. Which field most commonly uses semiotic analysis today?
a)
D) Mathematics
b)
C) Media and cultural studies
c)
B) Chemistry
d)
A) Physics
e)
E) Engineering
55.
55. In Peirce's semiotics, what are the three types of signs?
a)
C) Word, sound, image
b)
D) Denotation, connotation, myth
c)
E) Logical, poetic, emotional
d)
B) Icon, index, symbol
e)
A) Natural, supernatural, artificial
56.
56. Which alphabet was historically used by early Turkic peoples?
a)
C) Orkhon-Yenisey script (Old Turkic script)
b)
A) Latin
c)
B) Cyrillic
d)
D) Arabic script only
e)
E) Greek script
57.
57. What is a defining characteristic of traditional Turkic culture?
a)
B) Maritime navigation
b)
D) Urban industrialization
c)
E) Slave-based economy
d)
C) Nomadic pastoralism
e)
A) Sedentary farming lifestyle
58.
58. What is the significance of the Orkhon inscriptions?
a)
B) Ancient Turkic legal codes
b)
C) The earliest known written records in a Turkic language
c)
E) Medical texts
d)
D) Treaties with China
e)
A) Religious commandments
59.
59. What does the word "Tengri" refer to in ancient Turkic beliefs?
a)
E) A mountain spirit
b)
A) A type of garment
c)
C) The sky deity or god of the heavens
d)
D) A battle strategy
e)
B) A sacred book
60.
60. What is a "yurt" in Turkic tradition?
a)
C) A portable round tent used by nomads
b)
E) A musical instrument
c)
B) A traditional horse saddle
d)
A) A royal title
e)
D) A sacred religious relic
61.
61. Which musical instrument is commonly found in Turkic folk culture?
a)
C) Sitar
b)
E) Harp
c)
D) Oud
d)
A) Violin
e)
B) Dombra
62.
62. What role did oral poetry and storytelling play in Turkic culture?
a)
B) It was used to pass time during winter
b)
A) It was mainly entertainment for children
c)
D) It replaced written language entirely
d)
C) It preserved history, values, and traditions
e)
E) It was imported from neighboring cultures
63.
63. The epic "Manas" is associated with which Turkic group?
a)
B) Kazakhs
b)
D) Kyrgyz
c)
C) Uzbeks
d)
A) Uighurs
e)
E) Tatars
64.
64. Which of the following empires was founded by a Turkic people?
a)
C) Mongol Empire
b)
A) Roman Empire
c)
D) Han Dynasty
d)
B) Ottoman Empire
e)
E) Persian Empire
65.
65 Which religion had a strong influence on the Turkic peoples before the spread of Islam?
a)
E) Confucianism
b)
A) Christianity
c)
D) Buddhism only
d)
C) Shamanism and Tengrism
e)
B) Hinduism
66.
66. Cultural hybridization refers to:
a)
C. The rejection of technological advancements
b)
A. The loss of national identity
c)
B. The merging of traditional and modern practices
d)
D. The revival of indigenous languages
e)
E. The political unification of states
67.
67. Which ancient philosopher was born in the territory of present Kazakhstan?
a)
A. Aristotle
b)
E. Confucius
c)
C. Ibn Sina
d)
B. Al-Farabi
e)
D. Descartes
68.
68. Which famous Kazakh poet and philosopher wrote "The Book of Words" ("Kara Sozder")?
a)
C. Abai Kunanbayev
b)
B. Saken Seifullin
c)
E. Zhambyl Zhabayev
d)
A. Shakarim
e)
D. Al-Farabi
69.
69. What does the eagle on the Kazakh flag symbolize?
a)
C. Religion
b)
A. War
c)
E. Peace
d)
B. Power and freedom
e)
D. Agriculture
70.
70. Name Kazakh leader who led a major national-liberation uprising in the 19th century
a)
E. Tole Bi
b)
C. Abulkhair Khan
c)
A. Ablai Khan
d)
B. Kenesary Kasymov
e)
D. Kerey Khan
71.
71. The process of introducing an individual to culture, assimilating existing habits, norms, and values peculiar to a
given culture is
a)
Habits
b)
Canon
c)
Inculturation
d)
Norms
e)
Values
72.
72. The system of values and norms of behavior characteristic of individual demographic, professional and other
groups that does not fundamentally contradict the dominant culture is
a)
Norms
b)
Religion
c)
Canon
d)
Counterculture
e)
Subculture
73.
73. Mass culture is the culture of the masses (people), the majority of members of society, a culture that, in principle,
cannot generally be at the highest level with the continuity of cultural development (creativity), so it is also known
as
a)
not popular
b)
popular
c)
subculture
d)
elite
e)
individual
74.
74. The project "Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan" was launched in
a)
2017
b)
2020
c)
2024
d)
2022
e)
2018
75.
75. The project "Cultural Heritage" was developed in 2003 on the initiative of the President of Kazakhstan N.
Nazarbayev. The implementation of the program began in
a)
2009
b)
2010
c)
2007
d)
2004
e)
2006
76.
76. what is the name of Khodzha Akhmed Yasawi's famous work?
a)
Dīwān-i Hikmat (Compendium of Wisdom)
b)
Blessed knowledge
c)
History
d)
Religion
e)
Royal wizdom
77.
77. Name the major researcher who traveled to Altai, Semirechye, and Central Asia.
a)
· Semenov-Tian-Shansky
b)
· Radlov
c)
· Velyaminov-Zernov
d)
· Dobrossmyslov
e)
· Makovetsky
78.
78. Who composed the music for Altynsarin’s poem “Kel, balalar, okylyq” (“Come, children, let’s study”)?
a)
· Zhaya Musa
b)
· Birzhan sal
c)
· Akan-sere
d)
· Ykylas
e)
· Mayra
79.
79. The founder of the lyrical direction in dombra music is:
a)
· Kurmangazy
b)
· Tattimbet
c)
· Dauletkerey
d)
· Ykylas
e)
· Birzhan
80.
80. What is the basis of the Kazakh reverence for ancestors?
a)
· the cult of ancestors
b)
· belief in the protection of aruak (spirits)
c)
· unconditional respect for elders
d)
· filial duty
e)
· sense of duty
81.
81. What is a characteristic feature of Kazakh society?
a)
· complex intra-ethnic structure
b)
· belonging to a specific clan (ru)
c)
· significance of social status of an individual
d)
· complex structure of tribal organization
e)
presence of a heroic ancestor
82.
82. Which of the following does NOT belong to women’s crafts among Kazakhs?
a)
embroidery
b)
carpet weaving
c)
braiding/weaving
d)
wood carving
e)
applique decoration
83.
83. The spread of Islam in Kazakhstan began in which century?
a)
8th century
b)
5th century BCE
c)
10th century
d)
11th century
e)
6th century
84.
84. The archaeologist who discovered the “Golden Man” of the Sak period:
a)
Akishev, Issyk
b)
Argymbayev, Almaty
c)
Kopylov, Talgar
d)
Mukanova, Aktobe
e)
an archaeologist who concealed his name
85.
85. Which folk musical instrument is associated with shamanism?
a)
sybyzgy
b)
kobyz
c)
dombra
d)
sherter
e)
syrnai
86.
86. Which ritual song is performed by a bride?
a)
kórisu
b)
zhoktaw
c)
synsu
d)
kara ólen
e)
zhar-zhar
87.
87. Which feature characterizes the philosophy of Kazakh Enlightenment classics?
a)
materialism
b)
metaphysics
c)
irrationalism
d)
humanism
e)
teleologism
88.
88. Which area of Chokan Valikhanov’s philosophical views is the most developed?
philosophy of religion
a)
philosophy of religion
b)
epistemology
c)
ontology
d)
philosophy of history
e)
axiology
89.
89. The central problem of Abai’s philosophy is:
a)
cognition
b)
human being
c)
religion
d)
ontology
90.
90. How does Abai describe the state of Kazakh society of his time?
a)
as a golden age
b)
he gives no evaluation
c)
as a given
d)
as a stage toward a specific goal
e)
critically, as requiring transformation
91.
91. From 1898–1928 Shakarim wrote one of his major philosophical works titled “Three …”:
a)
admonitions
b)
companions
c)
delusions
d)
truths
e)
moral laws
92.
92. “Adam bol!” (“Be a human!”) – a principle first proclaimed by:
a)
Abai
b)
A. Baitursynov
c)
Ch. Valikhanov
d)
A. Bukeykhanov
e)
Shakarim
93.
93. Which European thinkers did Abai know well?
a)
Hegel
b)
Kant
c)
Descartes
d)
Bacon
e)
Spinoza
94.
94. For improving the social organism, Ch. Valikhanov said it is necessary to consider three factors: structure of the tribal organism, conditions of the environment, climate and soil, and …
a)
spread of religion
b)
scale of ignorance
c)
motives and incentives
d)
nature of authority
e)
position of local rulers
95.
95. The main political stance of the “Alash” party was:
a)
non-violence
b)
connection with sharua (peasants)
c)
clear political program
d)
consideration of people’s religiosity
e)
education in the native language
96.
96 The philosophy of Kazakh Enlightenment is characterized by:
a)
materialism
b)
metaphysics
c)
irrationalism
d)
humanism
e)
idealism
97.
97. The cult of ancestors among Kazakhs is called:
a)
Umai
b)
Allah
c)
Dingir
d)
Tengri
e)
Aruakh
98.
98. To which type of civilization does Kazakh culture belong?
a)
Western
b)
Eastern
c)
Central Asian
d)
Middle Eastern
e)
Eurasian
99.
99. Who contributed to the development and spread of Sufism on the territory of Kazakhstan?
a)
Al-Farabi
b)
Akhmet Yugnaki
c)
Akhmet Yassawi
d)
Mahmud Kashgari
e)
Al-Ghazali
100.
100. Prominent representatives of Soviet Kazakh culture are:
a)
A. Kunanbayev, Z. Zhabaev, M. Auezov
b)
A. Kunanbayev, Y. Altynsarin, Ch. Valikhanov
c)
Sh. Kudaiberdiev, M. Dulatov
d)
Z. Zhabaev, S. Seifullin, M. Auezov
e)
D. Nurpeisova, Kurmangazy, Dauletkerey
101.
101. The well-known scholar who deeply studied Kazakh musical art (before the October Revolution):
a)
Castagne A.
b)
Potanin G.
c)
Zataevich A.
d)
Eichhorn A.
e)
Rybakov S.
102.
102. The famous scholar, linguist, educator, and editor of the newspaper “Kazakh”:
a)
Zhumabayev M.
b)
Aimanov J.
c)
Dulatov M.
d)
Asfendiyarov S.
e)
Baitursynov A.
103.
103. The reformer of the Kazakh alphabet was:
a)
A. Baitursynov
b)
A. Kunanbayev
c)
A. Bokeykhanov
d)
Sh. Kudaiberdiev
e)
I. Altynsarin
104.
104. Which of the following is NOT a Kazakh epic?
a)
“Koblandy”
b)
“Alpamys”
c)
“Kyz Zhibek”
d)
“Manas”
e)
“Ayman-Sholpan”
105.
105. Who is the author of the Kazakh national manifesto “Oyan, qazaq!” (“Wake up, Kazakh!”)?
a)
M. Dulatov
b)
M. Mukataev
c)
K. Myrzaliev
d)
M. Zhumabayev
e)
A. Zhumabayev
106.
106. Who introduced the term “mankurt” into scholarly discourse?
a)
R. Park
b)
T. Parsons
c)
Ch. Aitmatov
d)
M. Mead
e)
V. Pareto
107.
107. Ancient nomads on the territory of Kazakhstan include:
a)
Turks
b)
Mongols
c)
Naimans
d)
Sak
e)
Pashtuns
108.
108. The Kazakh writer, author of the epic novel “The Path of Abai”:
a)
M. Auezov
b)
S. Mukanov
c)
I. Yessenberlin
d)
G. Mustafin
e)
S. Seifullin
109.
109. A bright representative of heroic zhyrau poetry:
a)
Koblandy
b)
Asan Kaigy
c)
Bukhar zhyrau
d)
Balasaguni
e)
Kaztugan
110.
110. Kurmangazy’s first mentor in dombra playing was:
a)
Uzak
b)
Khanbazar
c)
Alikey
d)
Makar
e)
Turyp
111.
111. Which factor played the most significant role in the formation of nomadic Kazakh culture?
a)
a) Climate and steppe ecology
b)
b) Urbanization
c)
c) Influence of Roman civilization
d)
d) Geographical isolation
e)
e) Decline of agriculture
112.
112. The concept of “Tengri” in early Turkic culture refers to:
a)
a) Ancestor
b)
b) Supreme Sky Deity
c)
c) Heroic warrior
d)
d) Prophet
e)
e) Nature spirit
113.
113. The “zhol” (жол) in Kazakh traditional culture most accurately means:
a)
a) Battle
b)
b) Path, moral code
c)
c) Clan name
d)
d) Ritual dance
e)
e) Sacrifice
114.
114. The earliest written evidence of Turkic languages is found in:
a)
a) Sogdian manuscripts
b)
b) Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions
c)
c) Persian chronicles
d)
d) Arabic letters
e)
e) Chinese Tang texts
115.
115. The term “ethnoculture” refers to:
a)
a) Individual creativity
b)
b) Cultural norms of a specific ethnic group
c)
c) World globalization
d)
d) Urban lifestyle
e)
e) Social mobility
116.
116. Which Kazakh custom is performed to express gratitude?
a)
a) Tusau kesu
b)
b) Shashu
c)
c) Betashar
d)
d) Asar
e)
e) Syngsu
117.
117. What is characteristic of oral nomadic culture?
a)
a) Dominance of written literature
b)
b) Architectural monumentalism
c)
c) Strong epic storytelling traditions
d)
d) Printing of books
e)
e) Latin script development
118.
118. Who is considered the founder of the Kazakh Khanate?
a)
a) Abylay Khan
b)
b) Kasym Khan
c)
c) Kerei and Zhanibek
d)
d) Tauke Khan
e)
e) Esim Khan
119.
119. “Zheti ata” tradition establishes rules of:
a)
a) Military hierarchy
b)
b) Kinship and marriage restrictions
c)
c) Trade relations
d)
d) Religious practices
e)
e) Hospitality
120.
120. Which city was a major cultural center of the Great Silk Road on Kazakh territory?
a)
a) Uralsk
b)
b) Taldykorgan
c)
c) Otyrar
d)
d) Kokshetau
e)
e) Pavlodar
121.
121. The primary genre of Kazakh oral literature is:
a)
a) Chronicle
b)
b) Epic (epos)
c)
c) Poetic drama
d)
d) Novel
e)
e) Haiku
122.
122. The term “bi” in traditional Kazakh society refers to:
a)
a) Warrior
b)
b) Judge and wise mediator
c)
c) Musician
d)
d) Shaman
e)
e) Artisan
123.
123. Which of the following is a Kazakh heroic epic?
a)
a) “Shahnameh”
b)
b) “Alpamys”
c)
c) “Layli-Majnun”
d)
d) “Mahabharata”
e)
e) “Odyssey”
124.
124. The Kazakh yurt is an example of:
a)
a) Stationary architecture
b)
b) Artistic abstraction
c)
c) Mobile dwelling adapted to nomadism
d)
d) Religious structure
e)
e) Military shelter
125.
125. Which instrument traditionally accompanied shamans?
a)
a) Dombra
b)
b) Kobyz
c)
c) Zhetigen
d)
d) Sybyzgy
e)
e) Sherter
126.
126. The philosophy of Abai emphasizes primarily:
a)
a) Mysticism
b)
b) Material acquisition
c)
c) Humanism and moral perfection
d)
d) Polytheism
e)
e) Military heroism
127.
127. In Kazakh culture “Asar” means:
a)
a) Bride’s farewell
b)
b) Communal mutual help
c)
c) Funeral ritual
d)
d) Horse race
e)
e) Wedding feast
128.
128. “Zhangyrtu” (modernization) in modern Kazakhstan refers to:
a)
a) Isolation from global culture
b)
b) Return to medieval traditions
c)
c) Integration of heritage with modern progress
d)
d) Rejection of national identity
e)
e) Decline of education
129.
129. Which thinker is known as the “Second Teacher” after Aristotle?
a)
a) Ibn Sina
b)
b) Al-Farabi
c)
c) Attar
d)
d) Al-Kindi
e)
e) Gazali
130.
130. Sufism contributed to:
a)
a) Industrialization
b)
b) Development of spiritual ethics
c)
c) Growth of military elite
d)
d) Urban destruction
e)
e) Decline of literature
131.
131. Which concept expresses gratitude in Kazakh values?
a)
a) Rakhmet
b)
b) Zhasau
c)
c) Aruak
d)
d) Kydyr
e)
e) Zheke
132.
132. Kazakh ornaments “koshkar muyiz” symbolize:
a)
a) Female beauty
b)
b) Military courage
c)
c) Ram’s horns — strength and prosperity
d)
d) Celestial sky
e)
e) Death and rebirth
133.
133. “Book of Words” (“Kara Sozder”) was written by:
a)
a) Shakarim
b)
b) Abai
c)
c) Magzhan
d)
d) Bukhar zhyrau
e)
e) Dulatov
134.
134. The main marriage prohibition in Kazakh culture is:
a)
a) Marriage with foreigners
b)
b) Marriage between social classes
c)
c) Marriage within seven ancestors (zheti ata)
d)
d) Marriage under 18
e)
e) Marriage without dowry
135.
135. The traditional Kazakh worldview is best described as:
a)
a) Rational-materialistic
b)
b) Nomadic-holistic and nature-centered
c)
c) Urban-industrial
d)
d) Mediterranean
e)
e) Secular-technocratic
136.
136.The “Golden Man” symbolizes:
a)
a) Early Christianity
b)
b) Decline of nomadism
c)
c) High craftsmanship of Saks civilization
d)
d) Mongol occupation
e)
e) Medieval Islamization
137.
137. Which Kazakh poet is associated with the national awakening movement?
a)
a) M. Auezov
b)
b) S. Seifullin
c)
c) M. Zhumabayev
d)
d) A. Kunanbayev
e)
e) S. Mukanov
138.
138. “Kyz uzatu” is a ceremony related to:
a)
a) Funeral
b)
b) Childbirth
c)
c) Bride’s departure from her family
d)
d) Horse sacrifice
e)
e) Victory celebration
139.
139. The main functions of music in nomadic culture include:
a)
a) Only entertainment
b)
b) Military signals, rituals, storytelling
c)
c) Banking, trade, taxation
d)
d) Animal domestication
e)
e) Farming development
140.
140. Culture is generally defined as:
a)
a biological characteristic
b)
a system of learned behaviors
c)
a natural instinct
d)
a genetic code
e)
a spontaneous habit
141.
141. The term “cultural relativism” refers to:
a)
judging all cultures by Western standards
b)
viewing cultures based on global norms
c)
understanding a culture within its own context
d)
rejecting all cultural differences
e)
promoting one universal culture
142.
142. Which of the following is an example of intangible cultural heritage?
a)
monuments
b)
traditional songs
c)
archaeological sites
d)
manuscripts
e)
architectural complexes
143.
143. The Great Silk Road primarily contributed to:
a)
religious isolation
b)
the decline of trade
c)
cultural exchange
d)
political stagnation
e)
agricultural collapse
144.
144. A dominant culture is:
a)
a minority culture
b)
the culture of immigrants
c)
the culture holding power in a society
d)
an ancient extinct culture
e)
a purely religious culture
145.
145. The “Kazakh Yurt” is primarily associated with:
a)
settled agricultural life
b)
nomadic lifestyle
c)
urban architecture
d)
religious rituals
e)
industrial production
146.
146. Tengrianism is best described as:
a)
a branch of Buddhism
b)
a form of monotheism centered around the sky deity
c)
a Christian doctrine
d)
a type of shamanic dance
e)
a philosophical school of antiquity
147.
147. The main social unit in traditional Kazakh society was:
a)
the nuclear family
b)
the tribe (ru)
c)
the urban commune
d)
the monastery
e)
the merchant guild
148.
148 Which feature is typical of nomadic culture?
a)
large stationary cities
b)
intensive agriculture
c)
high mobility
d)
caste system
e)
monumental stone architecture
149.
149 Intercultural communication studies:
a)
genetic adaptation
b)
exchange of cultural values and meanings
c)
geological processes
d)
economic taxation
e)
legal frameworks
150.
150 Who defined culture as “a complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and custom”?
a)
Max Weber
b)
Edward Tylor
c)
Emile Durkheim
d)
Clifford Geertz
e)
Franz Boas
151.
151 High culture usually refers to:
a)
popular media
b)
mass entertainment
c)
elite artistic achievements
d)
informal folklore
e)
children’s culture
152.
152 The global spread of fast-food chains is an example of:
a)
cultural isolation
b)
de-globalization
c)
cultural homogenization
d)
reverse diffusion
e)
cultural taboo
153.
153 The main feature of industrial civilization is:
a)
tribal governance
b)
machine-based production
c)
nomadic herding
d)
sacred kingship
e)
oral communication only
154.
154 Which term refers to symbols, values, norms, and language?
a)
material culture
b)
economic culture
c)
symbolic culture
d)
biological culture
e)
ecological culture
155.
155 Which of the following is a world intangible heritage site related to Kazakhstan?
a)
Machu Picchu
b)
The Great Wall
c)
Traditional dombra music
d)
Stonehenge
e)
Petra
156.
156 The term “myth” in cultural studies means:
a)
only a false story
b)
a narrative that explains the world through symbols
c)
a scientific law
d)
a political manifesto
e)
an economic strategy
157.
157 National identity consists of:
a)
only economic interests
b)
only political institutions
c)
shared history, language, and cultural symbols
d)
random events individual emotions
158.
158 Cultural globalization includes:
a)
isolation of societies
b)
increased interconnectedness of cultures prohibition
c)
of travel destruction of diversity elimination
d)
of national symbols
159.
159 A worldview system that explains existence and includes creation myths is called:
a)
astronomy
b)
mythology
c)
algebraic model
d)
linguistic code
e)
ecological plan
160.
160 The UNESCO Convention of 2003 focuses on:
a)
protection of endangered animals
b)
safeguarding intangible cultural heritage
c)
global trade regulations
d)
environmental policy international security
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