WorksheetsVariables and Research Concepts Worksheet (Grade 13)
Total questions: 108
Worksheet time: 54mins
At the hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, patient age is what type of variable?
Discrete quantitative variable
Continuous quantitative variable
Quantitative variable
Qualitative variable
Nominal qualitative variable
At the hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, patient height is what type of variable?
Discrete quantitative variable
Continuous quantitative variable
Quantitative variable
Qualitative variable
Nominal qualitative variable
The number of midwives is what type of variable?
Continuous quantitative variable
Discrete quantitative variable
Binary qualitative variable
Ordinal qualitative variable
Nominal qualitative variable
The number of traditional birth attendants is what type of variable?
Continuous quantitative variable
Discrete quantitative variable
Binary qualitative variable
Ordinal qualitative variable
Nominal qualitative variable
The number of women who died due to childbirth is what type of variable?
Continuous quantitative variable
Discrete quantitative variable
Binary qualitative variable
Ordinal qualitative variable
Nominal qualitative variable
The reason for hospital admission is what type of variable?
Quantitative variable
Qualitative variable
Ordinal qualitative variable
Binary qualitative variable
Discrete quantitative variable
Gender is what type of variable?
Quantitative variable
Qualitative variable
Ordinal qualitative variable
Binary qualitative variable
Discrete quantitative variable
Quantitative variables are real-valued data and are divided into which two types?
Even and odd quantitative variables
Nominal qualitative variables and ordinal variables
Discrete quantitative variables and continuous quantitative variables
Discrete quantitative variables with even and odd values
Variables with only two values: yes and no
A binary variable (binominal variable) is a variable that:
Is arranged by name or classified by two criteria
Has only two values: yes and no
Takes exactly one of two values: yes or no
Is nominal but can be ordered by two conventions
Includes real-valued data divided into two types
An ordinal variable has characteristics similar to:
A nominal variable that can be ordered by some convention
A qualitative variable that can be ordered by some convention
A nominal variable that cannot be ordered by any convention
A quantitative variable that can be ordered by some convention
A binary variable that can be ordered by some convention
A nominal variable is arranged according to:
Names or classification by some criterion without showing ranking among groups
Names or classification by some criterion while showing ranking among groups
Ranking between groups according to some criterion
Names or classification by some single criterion
Displaying rankings among groups according to names
When starting research, to avoid hard-to-correct errors later, what must be identified?
Community participation
Research resources
Research variables
Unimportant research variables that can be omitted
Statistical algorithms to be applied
Across individuals in a study population and across different observations, the values of variables usually are:
Different
Not very different
Different to a significant degree
Absolutely identical
Partly identical
Variables used to describe and measure factors considered causes are:
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Confounder variables
Intermediate variables
Neutral variables
Variables used to describe and measure factors considered causes or that influence the research problem are:
Dependent variables
Independent variables
Confounder variables
Intermediate variables
Neutral variables
The consequence of the effect of independent variables, showing the nature of the research problem, is the:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Confounder variable
Intermediate variable
Neutral variable
The factor that simultaneously affects both cause and effect in a causal relationship is the:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Confounder variable
Intermediate variable
Neutral variable
When starting research, to avoid hard-to-correct errors later, one must:
Identify community participation
Identify resources for the research
Clearly identify the research variables
Identify statistical algorithms to be applied
Identify unimportant variables that can be omitted
A Gantt chart is used to:
Plan research activities
Identify the type of study design
Estimate the budget
Present research results
List the tasks to be done
The meaning of preparing a research budget is to:
Find a way to minimize research costs
Align resources with study objectives
Ensure all costs are predicted accurately
Allocate funds to non‑essential activities
Maximize spending to guarantee quality
The contingency funds for a research budget are estimated to be about what percentage of the total budget?
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Select the correct way to estimate research costs.
Base it on the research objectives.
Base it on the sampling method.
Base it on the type of study.
Calculate the unit cost for each activity according to the projected number of workdays.
Base it on higher-level targets.
Select the correct way to estimate research costs.
Base it on the research objectives.
Base it on the sampling method.
Base it on the type of study.
Base it on the activities listed in the project plan table.
Base it on higher-level targets.
Identify the planning tool that displays project activities in a fixed order and over corresponding time spans for each activity.
Horizontal bar chart
Lorenz curve
Pascal chart
Gantt chart
Line chart
What is a key meaning of developing a research plan?
Foreseeing difficulties and advantages
Making it easier to assign tasks to investigators
Identifying the study design
Making data analysis easier
Sampling conveniently
What is a key meaning of developing a research plan?
Making it easier to assign tasks to investigators
Coordinating activities among individuals and teams to save resources
Identifying the study design
Making data analysis easier
Sampling conveniently
What is a key meaning of developing a research plan?
Making it easier to assign tasks to investigators
Identifying the study design
Making data analysis easier
Sampling conveniently
Creating a basis for budgeting
What is a key meaning of developing a research plan?
Making it easier to assign tasks to investigators
Helping anticipate necessary plans
Identifying the study design
Making data analysis easier
Sampling conveniently
A survey result reports the number of children immunized in three villages with totals A: 145, B: 164, C: 372 (Total: 681). What is the correct name for this table?
Statistical table
One-dimensional statistical table
Multidimensional statistical table
Listing table
Statistical report table
A survey result reports the number of children immunized in three villages with totals A: 145, B: 164, C: 372 (Total: 681). What type of result is presented in this table?
Location
Nature of immunization
Village
Children immunized
Achievement rate of immunization
A survey result reports household income levels across three villages as follows: Poor—A: 130, B: 140, C: 90; Average—A: 280, B: 300, C: 290; Fairly well-off—A: 90, B: 60, C: 120. What is the correct name for this table?
Statistical table
One-dimensional statistical table
Multidimensional statistical table
Listing table
Statistical report table
A survey result reports household income levels across three villages as follows: Poor—A: 130, B: 140, C: 90; Average—A: 280, B: 300, C: 290; Fairly well-off—A: 90, B: 60, C: 120. Which variable is presented in the table?
Location
Standard of living
Village
Household
Household income
A histogram is commonly used to display which type of data?
Data of a continuous variable
Grouped data of a continuous variable
Data of a discrete variable
Grouped data of a discrete variable
Time series data
Which is a key criterion of a good chart?
It must have a title.
It is appropriate for the type of data being presented.
It must contain all data.
It must have clear colors.
Its size must be appropriate.
A scatter plot is typically used to display which type of data?
Data of a continuous variable
Grouped data of a continuous variable
Stacked column charts are commonly used to display:
Data for continuous variables
Data for continuous variables after grouping
Data for discrete variables
Different proportions among categories within a group of a qualitative variable
Comparisons of the same variable across 2 or 3 different populations
Pie charts are commonly used to display:
Data for continuous variables
Data for continuous variables after grouping
Data for discrete variables
Different proportions among categories within a group of a qualitative variable
Data over time
Line charts are commonly used to display:
Data for continuous variables
Data for continuous variables after grouping
Data for discrete variables
Data for discrete variables after grouping
Data that changes over time
A table that has a full title and headers for rows and columns but contains no data is called:
One-way table
Multi-way table
Dummy table
Data collection table
Results table
A good chart or graph should:
Be appropriate for the type of data to be presented
Use clear colors
Include unit names
Contain all numerical values in the table
Reveal correlations between variables
A good chart or graph should:
Use clear colors
Include unit names
Contain all numerical values in the table
Reveal correlations between variables
Be clear, easy to view and understand, and be largely self-explanatory
A good chart or graph should:
Use clear colors
Include unit names
Have a full title, labels, measurement units on axes, and necessary legends
Contain all numerical values in the table
Reveal correlations between variables
A pie chart is only appropriate when displaying data for:
One population
Two populations
Multiple populations
Comparison of proportions
Comparison between populations
A histogram (contiguous column chart) is commonly used to display data for:
Continuous variables
Continuous variables after grouping
Discrete variables
Discrete variables after grouping
Binary variables
When collecting data, the techniques allow systematic information gathering about the study objects. When collecting information, you must:
Identify the purpose of data collection, where and from whom to collect, which techniques to apply, and what tools to use
Prepare a questionnaire that meets the survey’s objectives
Use quantitative collection tools
Ensure participation from the public and community leaders
Identify the study objectives and variables
Using existing information means using data previously collected, whether published or unpublished. In health research, when using existing information you should pay attention to:
Only collect information that has been systematized in libraries
Collect information from community members
Collect information from community leaders
Ensure respect for personal privacy and the rights of the community and nation
Medical records from hospitals, notes from clinics and health stations, and reports from health authorities at all levels
Tools for collecting existing information include:
Self-administered questionnaires
Recording forms and checklists
Recording forms
Guidelines
Books, paper, and guidelines
To obtain only the necessary information for users’ purposes and avoid redundancy and wasted time, when collecting existing information you should prepare:
A checklist
Books
A questionnaire
A self-administered questionnaire
A reliable source of information
A data collection technique that belongs to qualitative research methods is:
Face-to-face interview using a questionnaire
Self-administered face-to-face interview
Mail-in questionnaire interview
Observation with instruments such as scales or blood pressure monitors
In-depth interview with key informants
The following data collection technique belongs to quantitative research methods:
Face-to-face interview using a questionnaire
Focus group discussion (FGD)
Using existing information
In-depth interview with key informants
Group interview
In-depth interview is a data collection technique that:
Can use open questions, closed questions, or a checklist during interviewing
Belongs to quantitative research methods
Uses an interview guide
Uses a set of open questions for interviewing
Uses a set of open questions to interview key informants
Focus group discussion (FGD) is a data collection method that:
Can provide various types of information but mainly about group knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
Helps determine values of qualitative variables
Helps determine values of quantitative variables
Sources information from community members
Sources information from community leaders
Each question in a personal interview questionnaire will reveal:
The value of a variable
A single corresponding value of a variable
The value of a quantitative variable
The value of a qualitative variable
Each question in a questionnaire is designed:
For one research objective
For multiple research objectives
For many related variables
For one variable
For one objective and its related variables
The most important requirement when designing a questionnaire is that its content must:
Cover the research objectives
Cover the variables
Cover the objectives and variables
Be arranged in a logical order
Be easy for the research community to understand
An open-ended question has the disadvantage that:
It lets respondents express themselves freely, so answers are unreliable
It limits respondents to specific answers, so information has little value
Information is offered spontaneously and may not meet research objectives
Analysis is time-consuming and requires re-coding, demanding experience
Answers are often very long and unfocused
A closed-ended question has the disadvantage that:
The list of answers often does not match respondent intent and important information may be missed
The list of answers may not match respondent intent and important information may be missed
Analysis is time-consuming and requires re-coding, demanding experience
Closed questions may not match the survey’s content
Respondents may not want to be limited to preset answers
A closed-ended question has the advantage that:
It limits respondents to specific answers
It is easy to process and analyze after prior coding
Responses are more concise
The answer list aligns with research objectives
The information provided has value
An open-ended question has the advantage that:
It does not limit respondents to specific answers, allowing more accurate expression
It allows respondents to express themselves freely without influence, so information is more reliable
Information is provided spontaneously, sometimes yielding unexpected, valuable insights
It gives less interviewer influence on answers
It gives answers independent of the interviewer
In-depth interviewing, focus group discussion, mapping, and observation are information-collection techniques of:
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Survey research
Pilot study
Using a structured interview questionnaire is an information-collection technique of:
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Survey research
Pilot study
Cross-sectional description
An advantage of qualitative research is:
It can apply rapid appraisal methods
It collects accurate and scientific information
Data are easier to process
It is convenient for sampling
It limits errors in research
An advantage of qualitative research is:
It serves as an exploratory step for quantitative research
It collects accurate and scientific information
Data are easier to process
It is convenient for sampling
It limits errors in research
An advantage of quantitative research is:
It is conducted quickly
It has high accuracy
Data are easier to process
It is convenient for sampling
It limits errors in research
An advantage of quantitative research is:
It has specific analytical methods
It is conducted quickly
Data are easier to process
It is convenient for sampling
It limits errors in research
An advantage of quantitative research is:
It is conducted quickly
Data are easier to process
High accuracy and scientific value
It is convenient for sampling
It limits errors in research
Systematic collection of information about research subjects (people, objects, phenomena) and their context is carried out through:
Photographs taken
Interview questionnaires
Information-collection methods
Focus group discussion
Observation of objects
In presenting an interview questionnaire, the closing section must include:
Signature of the interviewee with date and place
Signature of the interviewer with date and place
Signature of local authorities with date and place
Signature of the questionnaire designer with date and place
A thank-you to the respondent for cooperation
We commonly verify the accuracy of responses by:
Returning to ask the respondent the same question
Re-asking the respondent the same question immediately after the answer
Re-asking the respondent the same question right after finishing the interview
Placing questions with the same content at different positions in the questionnaire
Repeating many items in the questionnaire
A closed-ended question with multiple levels is one whose answer options provide:
Fewer than two scenarios for choosing one option in those scenarios
More than two scenarios for choosing one option in those scenarios
At least three scenarios for choosing one option in those scenarios
Many scenarios for choosing two options in those scenarios
Some answers beyond expectations
Advantages of closed-ended questions include all of the following except:
Force respondents to make clear choices
Allow fast note-taking, saving time
Low cost
Easy to analyze and code
Answer lists contain many important points respondents might not remember
Provide interviewer guidance, especially when:
Switching topics
Facing sensitive questions
Facing difficult situations
When designing a questionnaire, it must be piloted before implementation in order to:
still allow corrections
assess the clarity of the questionnaire
assess the feasibility of the study
prepare for extended deployment of the survey
find locally appropriate wording
A clear, easy-to-understand questionnaire is needed to collect data that reflect:
the study’s expected results
the study’s budget
the study’s objectives
the study’s staffing
the study’s design type
When designing interview questions, note that each piece of information to be collected must have:
a series of corresponding questions
one corresponding question
one answer for each corresponding question
prompts to help answer questions
multiple questions to verify information
The structure of an interview questionnaire must be arranged:
from complex to simple, in a logical order
from simple to complex, in a logical order
from simple to complex, without much concern for logical order
with quantitative questions always designed first
with personal matters left for later
In a study that may include several questionnaires, the title indicates:
who conducts interviews in the study
which subjects will be interviewed
the objective of the interview
who are collaborators in the interview process
which content the questionnaire serves
The tools for information collection in the observation technique are:
checklists and sample forms for data collection
eyes, ears, pen and paper, watch, board, video camera, etc.
interview plans and checklists
discussion guides and audio recorders
questionnaires and recording devices
The tools for information collection in the focus group discussion (FGD) technique are:
checklists and sample forms for data collection
eyes, ears, pen and paper, watch, board, video camera, etc.
interview plans and checklists
discussion guides and audio recorders
questionnaires and audio recorders
A self-administered questionnaire is a tool in which the questions are written:
to be mailed to respondents
so respondents will answer by recording on forms
so respondents will answer by recording on a machine
so respondents will answer and the interviewer enters results into forms
like checklists used to observe respondent behavior
Questions raised throughout an interview can be recorded by:
recording after the interview is completed
recalling the interview after one day
writing directly on paper or recording during the interview
recalling important results at any time
recording after returning from fieldwork
Interview is a technique to collect information by:
recording secondary data
recording data from medical records
recording available data
expanding detailed observation of subjects
asking people who are interviewed, either individuals or a group
In some research situations, observation can be:
quantitative about the nature
a primary source
a primary qualitative source
a primary source of either quantitative or qualitative information about phenomena
a primary source of qualitative information about the nature
Observation can:
provide more accurate information about human behavior than interviewing with a questionnaire
provide less accurate information about human behavior than interviewing with a questionnaire
supplement any information on human behavior compared with using questionnaires
be limited to information about human behavior
cause observed people to always distort information
In observing human behavior, the observer can:
avoid participating in situations at different levels while the activity is being observed
participate in situations only at minimal levels while the activity is being observed
participate only in predefined situations while the activity is being observed
participate only in planned situations or activities before observation
participate in situations to varying degrees while the activity being observed is occurring
Observation is a technique that involves systematic selection, monitoring, and recording, in a systematic way, of:
people interviewed, either individuals or groups
the behavior and characteristics of organisms, subjects, or phenomena
local primary health-care activities
community health outcomes
community participation
Research data collected from local statistics or from diaries and life histories of a community are obtained using the method of:
use of existing information
focus group discussion
cross-checking
in-depth interviewing
observation
A variable is a quantity used only to qualify the nature of objects in research.
True
False
A factor that simultaneously affects the cause and the effect in a causal relationship is a confounder.
True
False
Using an interview questionnaire is a technique for data collection in quantitative research.
True
False
An advantage of qualitative research is that data are easier to process.
True
False
The advantage of quantitative research is high accuracy, scientific value, and having specific analytical methods.
True
False
Correct classification of variables is very important for determining research objectives.
True
False
The number of women who died due to uterine rupture is a discrete quantitative variable.
True
False
The number of midwives at commune health stations is a discrete quantitative variable.
True
False
When designing questions, hypothetical questions and questions about references and comparisons should be avoided.
True
False
A closed question is used to collect respondents’ opinions directly and has no pre-specified answers.
True
False
An open question provides ready-made answers for the respondent to choose from.
True
False
A questionnaire is better when it is as short as possible yet complete.
True
False
Questions should be arranged from complex to simple, in a relatively logical order.
True
False
A bar chart is used to observe the variation of a non-continuous research variable.
True
False
In a chart with contiguous columns (histogram), the columns must have equal width.
True
False
In a histogram with equal-width columns, the tallest column represents the group with the largest observed value.
True
False
In a histogram with unequal column widths, a group’s frequency is represented by the area of the rectangle formed by its column.
True
False
A pie chart is used to represent the variation of a research phenomenon over time.
True
False
In a histogram with unequal column widths, the height of a column equals the product of the group’s frequency and the group’s width.
True
False
A line chart is used to show the rate of development of a phenomenon over time.
True
False
After displaying research results with a scatter plot, we can confirm the hypothesis about correlation between two variables.
True
False
