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Enteral Dosage and Drug Absorption

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Not all Enteral drugs are intended to be absorbed. Some medications are intended to act _______ in the GI tract

a)
indirectly
b)
infrequently
c)
systemically
d)

locally

2.

Enteral Dosages

Dissolution and absorption rate is reached at 100% within 0 time

a)

Solutions

b)

Suspensions

c)

ODTs

d)

Tablets

3.

Enteral Dosage

Dissolution and absorption rate is slowest in

a)

Tablets

b)

Solutions

c)

Suspensions

d)

ODTs

4.

Enteral Dosage

Stability of drug is highest in

a)

Tablets

b)

Powders

c)

Suspensions

d)

Solutions

5.

______ is the most common ingredients that are used to compound dosage forms

a)

Powders

b)

Solutions

c)

Granules

d)

IR tablets

6.

The smaller the particle size, the more surface area available for ______ API dissolution

a)

Faster

b)

Slower

7.

What is the main downside to divided powder medications?

a)

Slow onset

b)

Slow disintegration step

c)

Decreased compliance

d)

Tasty

8.

Compressed tablets include the (drug + ______) to form

a)
fillers
b)
excipients
c)
coatings
9.

What is the purpose for compressed tablets to have a sugar coat on them?

a)

To improve taste of the tablet.

b)
To increase the tablet's size and visibility.
c)

To protect from moisture, light, or air.

d)
To enhance shelf life and reduce weight.
10.

What is the purpose of enteric coated tablets?

a)
To enhance the flavor of the drug for better taste.
b)
To increase the absorption of the drug in the stomach.
c)
To provide a faster release of the drug into the bloodstream.
d)
To protect the drug from stomach acid and ensure it dissolves in the intestines.
11.

Dose dumping or the abrupt release of a large amount of drug can be a problem. Why?

a)
Dose dumping can cause toxicity and adverse effects due to an abrupt surge in drug concentration.
b)
Dose dumping is beneficial for achieving steady drug levels in the bloodstream.
c)
Dose dumping leads to a gradual decrease in drug effectiveness over time.
d)
Dose dumping can enhance drug efficacy and improve patient outcomes.
12.

What is the purpose of extended-release tablets

a)
To provide a prolonged therapeutic effect and reduce dosing frequency.
b)
To allow for immediate release of the drug into the bloodstream.
c)
To increase the tablet's size for easier swallowing.
d)
To enhance the flavor of the medication.
13.

What is the purpose delayed-release tablets

a)
They contain only inactive ingredients for safety.
b)
They are designed to be taken on an empty stomach only.
c)
They dissolve quickly to provide immediate relief.
d)
The purpose of delayed-release tablets is to release medication at a specific time to enhance effectiveness and reduce side effects.
14.

Bioavailability from encapsulated drugs may be better than _______

a)
unencapsulated drugs
b)
tablet forms
c)
liquid medications
d)
sublingual drugs
15.

Why are ODTs ideal for lower dose drugs?

a)
ODTs are suitable for lower dose drugs as they require refrigeration.
b)
ODTs are ideal for lower dose drugs due to their long shelf life.
c)
ODTs are ideal for lower dose drugs because they provide rapid absorption and ease of administration.
d)
ODTs are preferred for high dose drugs because they enhance flavor.
16.

What drugs cannot be crushed

a)

Delayed release

b)

Extended release

c)

Immediate release

d)

Biphosphonates

17.

Solutions have _____ API stability

a)

Poor

b)

Great

18.

What functional groups donate a proton?

a)

Carboxylic acid

b)

Imides

c)

Amines

d)

Phenols

e)

Guanidines

19.

Acidic groups at normal pH levels (7.4) tend to _____ a - charged ion called an anion. Anions tend to be more ________

a)

Leave behind/hydrophilic

b)

Leave behind/lipophilic

c)

Accept/hydrophilic

d)

Accept/lipophilic

20.

Basic group at normal pH (7.4) tend to _____ a proton called a cation. Cations are more _________

a)

Accept/lipophilic

b)

Accept/hydrophilic

c)

Donate/lipophilic

d)

Donate/hydrophilic

21.

Amines are really important for solubility and absorption. Why?

a)

Amines can be ionized or non-ionized based on pH level. This can change how the drug is absorbed and where

b)
Amines reduce solubility and absorption by repelling water molecules.
c)
Amines are ineffective in forming bonds with other compounds.
d)
Amines hinder absorption due to their large molecular size.
22.

Amines at higher pH tend to be _______ and thus more ________

a)

Ionized/lipophilic

b)

Non-ionized/lipophilic

c)

Non-ionized/hydrophilic

d)

Ionized/hydrophilic

23.

Amines at lower pH tend to be ______ thus more _______

a)

Ionized/lipophilic

b)

Ionized/hydrophilic

c)

Non-ionized/lipophilic

d)

Non-ionized/hydrophilic

24.

Which functional group giving that it does NOT ionize increases log P while increasing lipophilicity and decreasing water solubility?

a)

Nonpolar

b)

Polar

25.

Which group given that it does NOT ionize lowers log P and decreases lipophilicity?

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

26.

What category of functional group do the following resemble?

Alkanes

Alkenes

Alkynes

Aramatic

Halogenated

Hydrocarbons

a)

Non-polar, Non-ionized

b)

Non-polar, Ionized

c)

Polar, Non-ionized

d)

Polar, Ionized

27.

What functional group does the following describe?

Alcohols

Ethers

Ketone/Aldehyde

Sugars

Esters

Amides

a)

Non-polar, Non-ionized

b)

Non-polar, Ionized

c)

Polar, Non-ionized

d)

Polar, Ionized

28.

Which functional group does the following describe?

Phenols

Imides

Imines

Sulfo

Aromatic amines

a)

Non-polar, Non-ionized

b)

Non-Polar, Ionized

c)

Polar, Low ionized

d)

Polar, Highly ionized

29.

Which functional group does the following describe?

Carboxylic acid

Amino acid

Enols

Guanidines

Imidazole

a)

Non-polar, Non-ionized

b)

Non-polar, Ionized

c)

Polar, Low ionized

d)

Polar, Highly ionized

30.

Consider an amine (RNH2) with a pKa = 10 at physiologic pH (assume pH=7)

What % is ionized

a)

10^7-10 = -3

10^-3 = 0.001

100-0.001 = 99.9%

b)

10^7-10 = -3

10^-3 = 99

100-99 = 1.0%

c)

10^10-7 = 3

10^3 = 90

100-90 = 10%

31.

Weak Acids

When pH is greater than pKa, the weak acid will be mostly ________

a)

Ionized

b)

Non-ionized

32.

Weak Acids

When pH is lower than pKa, the weak acid will be mostly _______

a)

Ionized

b)

Non-ionized

33.

T/F When the pH is lower than pKa, it enhances a weak acids water solubility.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Weak Bases

When pH is lower than pKa, it tends to be _________

a)

Ionized

b)

Non-ionized

35.

Weak Bases

When pH is higher than pKa, weak base becomes _______

a)

Non-ionized

b)

Ionized

36.

Weak Bases

Would a weak base be better absorbed in the stomach (low pH) or intestines (higher pH)?

a)

Stomach (ionized)

b)

Intestines (non-ionized)

37.

What are criteria for Lipinski's rule of 5s

a)

MW less than 500

b)

Less than 15 polar-H bonds

c)

Log P in between -1 and 5

d)

More than 15 polar-H bonds

e)

Log P greater than 5

38.

Log P between 0-3 is optimal for ______

a)

Distribution

b)

Metabolism

c)

Excretion

d)

Absorption

39.

Transporters typically carry ____ substrates that cannot passively diffuse across cell membranes

a)

Polar

b)

Non-polar

40.

Type of Transporters

Which type of substrates do OATS typically carry?

a)

hydrophilic

b)

Acids

c)

Bases

d)

Anions (-)

e)

Cations (+)

41.

Type of Transporters

Which type of substrates do OCTS typically carry?

a)

Acids

b)

Bases

c)

Cations (+)

d)

Anions (-)

42.

Type of Transporters

What type of substrates do OATPS typically carry?

a)

Hydrophobic

b)

Anions (-)

c)

Large

d)

Small

43.

Type of Transporters

What type of substrates do CNTS typically carry?

a)

Nucleosides

b)

Protein

c)

Peptides

d)

Aminoacids

44.

Type of Transporters

What type of substrates do PEPT typically carry?

a)

Nucelosides

b)

Protein

c)

Peptides

d)

Amino Acids

45.

High solubility and High permeability indicates what classification in the BCS system?

a)

Class I

b)

Class II

c)

Class III

d)

Class IV

46.

Low solubility and High permeability indicates which classification in the BCS system?

a)

Class I

b)

Class II

c)

Class III

d)

Class IV

47.

High solubility and low permeability indicates which classification in the BCS system?

a)

Class I

b)

Class II

c)

Class III

d)

Class IV

48.

Low solubility and low permeability indicates which classification in the BCS system?

a)

Class I

b)

Class II

c)

Class III

d)

Class IV

49.

T/F in most cases drugs have nearly 100% bioavailability

a)
True
b)
False
50.

Absorption Profiles

Metoprolol fall in class I of BCS

with a MW of 261, 9 H bonds, and Log P of 1.8

Does this profile meet lipinski criteria?

a)

Yes

b)

No

51.

Absorption Profiles

Metformin fall in class III of BCS

with a MW of 165, 10 H bonds, and Log P of -1.43

Does this profile meet lipinski criteria?

a)

Yes

b)

No

52.

What is the major plasma transport protein?

a)
Albumin
b)
Transferrin
c)
Fibrinogen
d)
Globulin
53.

Protein Binding

Which best describes the characteristic of the following?

Distribute quicker

Short half life

Metabolized quicker

a)

Low protein binding

b)

High protein binding

54.

Protein Binding

Which best describes the characteristic of the following?

Distribute slower

long half life

Metabolized slower

a)

Low protein binding

b)

High protein binding

55.

Free Drug

Drug A is 99% bound with 0.1% free drug

Drug B is 90% bound with 10% free drug

Which drug has an increased risk of toxicity and why?

a)

Drug B has an increased risk of toxicity. Has a 100 fold increase of free drug

b)

Drug A has an increased risk of toxicity. Has a 100 fold increase of free drug

c)
Both drugs have equal risk of toxicity.
d)
Neither drug poses a risk of toxicity.
56.

Which section of organs have the highest rate of permeability?

a)

Kidney, Liver, Gut

b)

Muscle, Brain, Nerve

57.

Drugs with less than 1000 MW can diffuse through most _________ ____ _________

(a)  

58.

Where must drugs distribute to produce its therapeutic effect?

(a)  

59.

Acidic drugs accumulate in tissues with pH ______ than plasma pH

a)

Higher

b)

Less

60.

Basic drugs accumulate in tissues with pH ______ than plasma pH

a)

Higher

b)

Less

61.

Volume Distribution

VD below __ is not getting into tissues (big and highly bound)

a)

10

b)

50

c)

100

62.

Volume Distribution

VD ____ than 10 can distribute on both planes

a)

lower

b)

greater

63.

Volume Distribution

VD above __ indicates passive diffusion

a)

10

b)

50

c)

100

64.

If Km value is low it means the drug (does/does not) stick well to the enzyme

a)

Does

b)

Does not

65.

Which of the following are characteristics of low extraction rate?

a)

Not easily removed or metabolized

b)

Good oral bioavailability

c)

Very little first pass metabolism

d)

Poor oral bioavailability

e)

Easily removed or metabolized

66.

Which of the following are characteristics of high extraction rate?

a)

Not easily removed or metabolized

b)

Good oral bioavailability

c)

IV administration prefered

d)

Poor oral bioavailability

e)

Easily removed or metabolized

67.

Phase I metabolism is functionally _______ and primarily an _______ process used to _______ substrates

a)

irreversible/oxidation/ build

b)

reversible/oxidation/ break down

c)

irreversible/oxidation/ break down

d)

reversible/oxidation/ build

68.

Phase II metabolism is functionally _______ and primarily enhances ___________ used to _______ functional groups

a)

irreversible/water solubility/ build

b)

reversible/water solubility/ build

c)

irreversible/oxidation/ break down

d)

reversible/oxidation/ build

69.

The following enzymes are primarily apart of which phase?

CYP3A4

CYP2D6

MAO

DAO

ADH

AIDH

FMOs

a)

Phase I

b)

Phase II

70.

The following enzymes are primarily apart of which phase?

UGT

SULT

GST

COMT

a)

Phase I

b)

Phase II

71.

CYP3A4 is typically most abundant in the ______

a)
spleen
b)
kidney
c)
liver
d)
lungs
72.

ADME

Which excipient adds bulk to the product?

a)

Diluents

b)

Binders

c)

Glidants

d)

Disintegrants

73.

ADME

Which excipient promotes adhesion of powder into granules into tablets

a)

Diluents

b)

Binders

c)

Gildants

d)

Disintegrants

74.

Being more soluble in water than lipid membranes describes…

a)

Ionized

b)

Non-ionized

75.

BCS

If low solubility, it requires ______ liquid to be soluble

a)

More

b)

Less

76.

Drugs with many _____ groups typically indicates hydrophilicity

a)

Polar

b)

Non-polar

77.

Drugs with many _____ groups typically indicates lipophilicity

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

78.

solubility controls _______

a)

Permeability

b)

Absorption

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