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WorksheetsUS. Midterm
Total questions: 200
Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins
What years did the Civil War take place?
1861 - 1865
1850 - 1855
1870 - 1875
1880 - 1885
What did Lincoln suspend that affected a person's right to a trial if arrested?
Writ of habeas corpus
Bill of Rights
Emancipation Proclamation
Martial Law
Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered significant in U.S. history?
It was the first battle of the Civil War
It was the bloodiest battle in U.S. history
It marked the end of the Civil War
It was the shortest battle in U.S. history
What change in the goals of the war is highlighted in the Gettysburg Address?
Promoting equality and freedom for everyone
Conquering new lands
Establishing a monarchy
Increasing military power
In which year was Grant appointed head of all Union forces?
1862
1863
1864
1865
What type of warfare did Grant engage in, resulting in significant losses but ultimately leading to victory?
Guerrilla warfare
Trench warfare
Total war
Naval warfare
What significant event did William Sherman accomplish that helped Lincoln win re-election?
Capturing Savannah
Taking Atlanta
Defeating McClellan
Ending the Civil War
Who challenged Lincoln during his re-election campaign?
Jefferson Davis
Ulysses S. Grant
McClellan and Radical Republicans
Robert E. Lee
What was the starting point of Sherman's "March to the Sea"?
Savannah
Columbia
Atlanta
Raleigh
What significant event took place at Appomattox Court House, VA?
The signing of the Declaration of Independence
The start of the Civil War
Lee's surrender to Grant
The Battle of Gettysburg
What years did the Civil War take place?
1861 - 1865
1850 - 1855
1870 - 1875
1880 - 1885
Who was the Union general responsible for capturing two Southern Confederate forts?
General Robert E. Lee
General William T. Sherman
General Ulysses S. Grant
General George B. McClellan
What was the outcome of the Battle of Shiloh?
Confederate Victory
Stalemate
Union Victory
No significant outcome
Which ironclad was used by the North during the revolution in warfare?
Merrimack
Monitor
Titanic
Constitution
What was a key advantage of rifles over muskets?
They were more decorative.
They were faster.
They were cheaper.
They were less accurate.
Who invaded Maryland during the Battle of Antietam?
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
George B. McClellan
William T. Sherman
What was one goal of the Confederacy in the Battle of Antietam?
Control of Maryland’s crops
Capture Washington D.C.
Destroy the Union Navy
Gain control of New York
What was a significant effect of the Battle of Antietam?
Emancipation Proclamation announced
Union defeat
Confederate control of the Mississippi
End of the Civil War
What was one effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the aim of the Civil War?
It made the war about preserving the Union only
It changed the aim to include freeing slaves
It focused on gaining European support
It aimed to maintain slavery in the South
What threat did the Confederacy make regarding Black soldiers and their white officers?
They would be imprisoned.
They would be executed.
They would be sent home.
They would be promoted.
What was the purpose of the National Bank Act of 1863?
To establish a system of federally regulated banks for safe banking
To abolish all banks in the United States
To create a single national currency
To increase taxes on imported goods
What was one economic impact of the war on the North?
The North lost its industrial base
The North thrived economically
The North faced severe labor shortages
The North's banking system collapsed
How did the war affect the South's economy?
The South gained new industries
The South lost cheap labor and industry
The South's economy remained unchanged
The South became a financial hub
What did the 13th Amendment achieve in the United States?
It granted women the right to vote.
It freed all slaves in the U.S.
It established the income tax.
It prohibited alcohol.
Approximately how many slaves were freed as a result of the 13th Amendment?
1 million
2 million
4 million
6 million
Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865?
John Wilkes Booth
Lee Harvey Oswald
Charles J. Guiteau
James Earl Ray
When was Juneteenth made a national holiday in the United States?
2019
2020
2021
2022
How many Union troops marched into Texas on Juneteenth?
1,000
2,000
5,000
10,000
The economy of the South was primarily:
industrialized
factories
agricultural
tourism
What role did General Ulysses S. Grant play in the Union armies in the West?
He led the Union Navy.
He captured two Southern Confederate forts.
He was a Confederate general.
He signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
Which ship was associated with the North during the revolution in warfare?
Merrimack
Titanic
Monitor
Constitution
What was a key advantage of rifles over muskets?
They were more decorative.
They were faster.
They were cheaper to produce.
They were easier to clean.
What was one goal of the Battle of Antietam?
Control of Maryland’s crops
Capture of Washington D.C.
Destruction of the Union Navy
Annexation of Canada
What was a significant effect of the North's strategic victory at Antietam?
Emancipation Proclamation announced
End of the Civil War
Start of the American Revolution
Formation of the United Nations
What was the primary purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation issued on January 1, 1863?
To free all slaves in the United States
To free slaves in states loyal to the Union
To free slaves in states in rebellion against the Union
To maintain slavery in border states
Why did the Emancipation Proclamation not apply to states loyal to the Union?
To punish the rebellious states
To maintain the loyalty of border states
To encourage European intervention
To abolish slavery entirely
How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect European involvement in the Civil War?
Europeans were more likely to support the South
Europeans were less likely to side with the South
Europeans decided to remain neutral
Europeans increased trade with the North
How were Black soldiers treated unequally in terms of pay during the Civil War?
Black soldiers were paid $15, whites $10.
Black soldiers were paid $10, whites $13.
Black soldiers were paid $13, whites $10.
Black soldiers were paid $12, whites $12.
Which voting restriction was purposely designed to prevent African Americans from passing and thus limit their right to vote?
Poll taxes
Literacy tests
Property requirements
Residency requirements
What was the main function of poll taxes in the post-Reconstruction South?
To fund public schools
To require voters to pay a fee in order to vote
To enforce jury duty
To register land ownership
Grandfather clauses primarily benefited which group by exempting them from literacy tests and poll taxes if their ancestors had been eligible to vote?
Immigrants
Poor whites
African Americans
Women
Black Codes and Jim Crow laws were state and local ordinances that primarily did which of the following?
Expanded voting rights to all citizens
Restricted the rights of African Americans and promoted segregation and disenfranchisement
Created new federal protections for civil rights
Eliminated segregation in public facilities
Which Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal” public facilities, further undermining Reconstruction-era progress?
Brown v. Board of Education
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Roe v. Wade
Reformers’ vision for the post-Reconstruction South was primarily modeled after which region’s industrial development?
The Midwest
The industrial North
The Western frontier
New England fishing towns
Based on the "New South" vision and the region’s actual development, which statement best explains the economic reality by 1900?
The South rapidly industrialized and became the wealthiest region.
The South abandoned agriculture for manufacturing and matched Northern prosperity.
The South maintained strong agricultural roots, struggled to industrialize, and was the poorest U.S. region.
The South’s economy was driven by technology, surpassing the North in output.
Which political party re-emerged as the dominant party in the South after Congressional Reconstruction ended?
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Populist Party
Whig Party
Why was the region known as the "Solid South" for roughly 100 years after Reconstruction?
Because Southern states consistently supported third-party movements
Because Democrats controlled the South and maintained political dominance
Because the South had a unified economic policy focused on industry
Because Republicans held most Southern governorships
During Radical Reconstruction, what significant political change occurred in the South?
African Americans were elected to positions of power
Plantation owners regained full control of state governments
Federal troops were withdrawn from all Southern states
Voting rights were limited to property owners
A Southern farmer supports Northern Republicans during Reconstruction and is criticized by neighbors. Based on the definitions, which label would most Southerners resentfully apply to this person?
Carpetbagger
Scalawag
Freedman
Sharecropper
According to the material, who most commonly became sharecroppers?
Immigrant merchants and bankers
Freed slaves and poor whites who did not own land
Former plantation owners with large estates
Urban factory workers
A sharecropper raises and sells the crop, then gives a portion of the profit to the landowner. If the usual share is 50%, what is the landowner’s share from a $400 profit?
$100
$150
$200
$300
By what year had Congressional Reconstruction ended for most former Confederate states?
1865
1870
1876
1880
What does the continued presence of federal troops in only three Southern states indicate about the broader status of Reconstruction by 1876?
Reconstruction was expanding into more states.
Reconstruction had ended for most former Confederate states.
Federal control over the South was increasing rapidly.
Congress had just begun Reconstruction policies.
Which candidate represented the Republican Party in the election of 1876?
Samuel J. Tilden
Rutherford B. Hayes
Ulysses S. Grant
James A. Garfield
Which group voted 8–7 to award contested electoral votes to Hayes, and from which states were those votes?
The Supreme Court; New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio
The Electoral College; Georgia, Texas, and Alabama
A Congressionally appointed Electoral Commission; South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana
The Senate; Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee
Which statement best describes a key outcome of the Compromise of 1877 (Tilden-Hayes Compromise)?
Federal troops were increased in the South to enforce Reconstruction.
Democrats agreed to allow Rutherford B. Hayes to become President, ending Reconstruction with troop withdrawal.
Hayes replaced all cabinet members with Northern Republicans only.
Republicans opposed any southern railroad expansion.
Which requirement was necessary for former Confederate states to re-enter the Union during Congressional Reconstruction?
Repeal the Emancipation Proclamation
Pass a state constitution guaranteeing African American suffrage
Join a new confederation with border states
Ratify the 13th Amendment only
Which state was the exception and was not placed into a military district under the 1867 Military Reconstruction Acts?
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Georgia
Which statement best describes the Tenure of Office Act as presented?
It allowed the President to remove federal officials at will
It required House approval before appointments
It prohibited the President from removing any federal official without the consent of the Senate
It created the Department of War
What action by President Andrew Johnson led to controversy soon after the Tenure of Office Act was passed?
He resigned from office
He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton
He declared the act unconstitutional and ignored it
He appointed Edwin Stanton to the Supreme Court
Despite unclear wording in the law, what action did the House of Representatives take against President Johnson?
Censored him publicly
Adopted 12 articles of impeachment against him
Rewrote the Tenure of Office Act
Recalled the Senate for a special session
During the Senate impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, what vote was needed to convict, and what was the actual result?
Simple majority; Johnson was convicted
Two-thirds (36 Senators); 35 voted guilty and 19 not guilty, so Johnson was acquitted
Unanimous vote; Johnson was acquitted
Three-fourths; the vote was tied
Which candidate won the U.S. presidential election of 1868?
Horatio Seymour
Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
Andrew Johnson
According to President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, which group of states had their governments recognized?
Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, and Mississippi
Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and Kentucky
Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and West Virginia
Which immediate political outcome followed President Johnson's Reconstruction plan when ex-Confederate states attempted to rejoin the Union?
Congress enthusiastically seated all returning officials
An angry Congress refused to seat officials from the ex-Confederate states
The Supreme Court barred all state delegations from the South
The president dissolved Congress and seated the officials himself
Which statement best describes a key effect of the Black Codes adopted by Southern legislatures under Johnson's plan?
They guaranteed African Americans equal access to land ownership loans
They placed freedmen in a form of semi-bondage by forcing them to sign work contracts
They abolished all labor contracts and promoted free movement
They ensured voting rights for all African American men
What was the primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other white supremacy groups formed during Reconstruction under Johnson's plan?
To protect freedmen from violence
To intimidate African Americans and white reformers
To promote interracial political coalitions
To negotiate land redistribution
Which action by President Johnson escalated tensions with Congress, according to the section?
He expanded the Freedmen's Bureau services
He signed a civil rights bill into law
He vetoed bills renewing the Freedmen's Bureau and a civil rights bill
He proposed new Black Codes
What was a key purpose of the civil rights bill that President Johnson vetoed?
To enforce Black Codes
To nullify the Black Codes and guarantee full citizenship
To limit the Freedmen's Bureau
To create new voting restrictions
Which development allowed Congress to take control of Reconstruction?
President Johnson resigned from office
Congress gained enough votes to override Johnson’s vetoes
The Supreme Court struck down Presidential Reconstruction
Southern states refused to rejoin the Union
Who led the Radical Republicans in each chamber of Congress?
Thaddeus Stevens in the Senate and Charles Sumner in the House
Charles Sumner in the House and Thaddeus Stevens in the Senate
Thaddeus Stevens in the House and Charles Sumner in the Senate
Ulysses S. Grant in the House and Andrew Johnson in the Senate
A plan proposed by Radical Republicans sought to revolutionize Southern society under extended military rule. Which outcome best reflects their goals and the policy often summarized as “40 acres and a mule”?
Returning confiscated plantations to former Confederate owners
Keeping education entirely under state control
Providing African Americans with land taken from wealthy plantation owners and protecting their civil rights through federal schools and military oversight
Establishing sharecropping contracts enforced by local militias
Which statement best explains a key feature shared by the 1866 Civil Rights Act and the 14th Amendment?
Both defined U.S. citizenship and emphasized equal protection under the law.
Both abolished slavery throughout the United States.
Both granted women the right to vote in federal elections.
Both limited rights to only naturalized citizens, not those born in the United States.
Both were passed and ratified in 1868.
Which requirement was part of Congressional Reconstruction for former Confederate states to re-enter the Union?
Ratify the 14th Amendment
Abolish all state taxes
Grant voting rights only to property owners
Rebuild all state capitols before re-entry
Under Congressional Reconstruction, which state government did Congress uniquely recognize among those previously allowed to rejoin by Presidents Lincoln and Johnson?
Georgia
South Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
According to Congressional/Radical Reconstruction, which action regarding political participation was required of former Confederate states?
Limit voting to white male citizens
Guarantee African American suffrage in the state constitution
Adopt the 13th Amendment only
Allow former Confederate leaders to retain office
Which action by President Andrew Johnson led to impeachment proceedings under the Tenure of Office Act?
He vetoed the Reconstruction Acts
He suspended habeas corpus
He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate consent
He refused to appoint a new vice president
Who were labeled as carpetbaggers by many Southerners during Reconstruction?
Southerners who supported the Confederacy after the war
Northerners who went to the South to make money
Formerly enslaved people who became landowners
Southern Democrats who opposed segregation
Which best describes the Supreme Court’s ruling in Texas v. White (1869)?
It allowed states to leave the Union if legislatures voted to secede.
It upheld Radical Reconstruction and declared that states could not secede from the Union.
It ended Reconstruction and restored state sovereignty over federal laws.
It required a national referendum to decide secession questions.
Why was Texas v. White significant for Reconstruction policy?
It weakened Radical Reconstruction by limiting federal authority.
It strengthened Radical Reconstruction by affirming federal power over states regarding secession.
It had no relation to Reconstruction policies.
It mandated the immediate readmission of all Confederate states without conditions.
Which statement best describes the primary purpose of the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870?
It guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
It abolished slavery throughout the United States.
It established term limits for the presidency.
It granted women the right to vote nationwide.
In which year was the 15th Amendment ratified?
1776
1865
1870
1920
Which statement best describes the Enforcement (Force) Acts?
A single law passed after the Civil War to rebuild Southern infrastructure
Three acts passed by Congress between 1870 and 1871 to curb Ku Klux Klan violence and protect rights
A series of Supreme Court decisions limiting federal power over states
Military orders issued during the Civil War to manage Reconstruction
Which rights of African-Americans were specifically protected by the Enforcement Acts?
Owning land and accessing public schools
Voting, holding office, and serving on juries
Freedom of the press and freedom of religion
Right to free interstate travel
How did the Enforcement Acts relate to the Constitution?
They repealed the 13th Amendment
They enforced the 14th and 15th Amendments by increasing sanctions against the Ku Klux Klan
They created a new amendment guaranteeing labor rights
They limited federal courts from trying civil rights cases
Which statement best describes the immediate impact of the 1872 Amnesty Act?
It imposed new restrictions on all former Confederates.
It removed restrictions on most ex-Confederates, excluding top leaders.
It granted voting rights exclusively to Radical Republicans.
It abolished Southern state governments.
Based on the effects noted, which outcome most likely followed the 1872 Amnesty Act?
Republicans strengthened control over Southern state governments.
Democrats regained control of Southern state governments.
Top Confederate leaders returned to power immediately across the South.
Federal military occupation expanded throughout the South.
Which candidate won the U.S. presidential election of 1872, despite scandals during his first term?
Horace Greeley, Democrat
Ulysses S. Grant, Republican
Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican
Samuel J. Tilden, Democrat
Which development made railroads the nation’s first big business in the late 1800s?
Short canals replaced wagon roads
Seasonal routes for agricultural fairs
Large-scale networks crossing multiple states
Small local lines serving one town
What was a major economic effect of the expanding railroad network after 1865?
Creation of a national market for goods
Elimination of factory wage labor
Decline of coal and steel production
Collapse of interregional trade routes
The year the first Transcontinental Railroad was completed was
1877
1869
1865
1861
Railroad time led to which change across the United States?
Adoption of standard time zones nationwide
Federal control of passenger schedules
Longer workdays for factory laborers
Uniform ticket prices in all states
Watering stock in the railroad industry involved
Inflating the value of company shares
Issuing bonds backed by gold
Lowering freight rates for farmers
Hiding accidents from newspapers
What was the main purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
To set fixed prices for every shipment
To nationalize all rail lines permanently
To regulate railroad rates as reasonable and just
To subsidize track construction with land
Why did the Panic of 1893 lead to railroad consolidation?
Congress ordered mergers to protect workers
Technological change required smaller companies
Farmers demanded fewer competing routes
Bankrupt lines were purchased and merged by financiers
How did J. P. Morgan influence the railroad industry in the 1890s?
He built the original transcontinental route
He founded the first federal regulatory agency
He lobbied to ban private investment in railroads
He bought, reorganized, and eliminated competitors
Industrial philanthropy by figures such as Andrew Carnegie primarily supported
Libraries, research institutes, and cultural centers
Private estates for wealthy investors
Naval expansion and overseas colonies
Protective tariffs for domestic industries
Which outcome followed early government attempts to regulate railroads before 1900?
Full public ownership replaced private companies
Regulatory efforts largely failed to restrain abuses
Rates were equalized instantly across all regions
Freight traffic declined in every major city
Which business strategy involves controlling every step of production, from raw materials to distribution?
Horizontal integration across competing firms
Conglomeration of multiple industries
Vertical integration across the supply chain
Diversification into unrelated businesses
Which approach aims to merge with or acquire competitors operating at the same stage of production?
Mixed integration with regulators
Backwards integration with consumers
Horizontal integration with rivals
Vertical integration over suppliers
In Gilded Age debates, which term described magnates who were seen as exploiting workers and the public for personal gain?
Captains of Industry advancing society
Philanthropists supporting reforms
Robber Barons exploiting the public
Populists defending small farmers
Industrialists who were praised for building the economy, creating jobs, and funding public institutions were often called:
Captains of Industry benefiting society
Trustbusters dismantling monopolies
Speculators inflating asset bubbles
Muckrakers exposing corruption
J. P. Morgan was primarily associated with which sector during the Gilded Age?
Retail merchandising chains
Banking and corporate finance
Oil drilling and pipelines
Railroads and land grants
Which statement best distinguishes monopolies from competitive markets?
Monopolies face many rivals setting prices
Monopolies control market supply and pricing
Competitive markets restrict entry by law
Competitive markets rely on a single producer
Political cartoons of the era often portrayed trusts as oversized figures. What was the intended message?
Trusts reduced corruption in the Senate
Trusts improved consumer choice significantly
Trusts dominated government influence
Trusts were powerless against voters
Which industrialist is most associated with railroads and speculative control of lines?
Henry Clay Frick focused on railroads
James B. Duke focused on railroads
Marshall Field focused on railroads
Jay Gould focused on railroads
Which scenario best illustrates horizontal integration?
A tobacco firm buying shipping fleets
A steel company buying coal mines
A retailer acquiring competing retailers
A bank building its own factories
When analyzing a political cartoon about monopolies, which step helps justify your interpretation?
Identify exaggerated features and labels
Assume the artist supports all trusts
Ignore symbols and focus on captions
Count the number of characters shown
Which core purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) is best described?
Create licensing for all corporate trusts
Set uniform prices for all essential goods
Require federal ownership of large companies
Ban agreements that restrain trade or commerce
Why did early enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act struggle to stop trusts?
It only applied to companies with foreign investors
Juries always sided with small competitors
States refused to recognize federal authority
The wording was too vague to enforce effectively
What was the outcome of U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) regarding the scope of the Act?
Declared the Act unconstitutional entirely
Applied equally to all economic activities
Applied to manufacturing and not to commerce
Applied to commerce but not to manufacturing
Which idea summarizes laissez-faire capitalism during the Gilded Age?
Government must cap profits of big firms
Government should own railroads and mines
Government must set wages for all workers
Government should keep hands off the economy
How did industrialists use laissez-faire ideas to defend their practices?
Argued competition self-regulates markets
Claimed tariffs eliminate all monopolies
Stated subsidies create fairer outcomes
Insisted price controls protect consumers
Which belief about policy did many laissez-faire industrialists still favor?
Support for high tariffs and federal subsidies
Opposition to all forms of taxation
Strict limits on corporate advertising
Mandated collective bargaining rules
What does Social Darwinism claim when applied to the marketplace?
Charity must always be publicly funded
Religious leaders should set business ethics
Government planning ensures equal outcomes
Natural selection decides economic success
According to Social Darwinism, how would helping the poor affect society?
Strengthen innovation through diversity
Weaken society by preserving the unfit
Stabilize markets by raising demand
Reduce inequality by improving skills
Which idea defines the Protestant Work Ethic as used by Gilded Age leaders?
Charity proves spiritual superiority alone
Leisure indicates divine blessing from birth
Wealth is immoral and should be avoided
Hard work and material success show God’s favor
What did the Gospel of Wealth urge wealthy industrialists like Carnegie to do?
Use riches for philanthropy and public good
Retain profits without social obligation
Invest only in family enterprises
Fund political parties exclusively
Which invention is correctly paired with its inventor from the late 19th century?
Telephone — Alexander Graham Bell
Typewriter — Thomas Edison
Safety razor — George Westinghouse
Kodak camera — Cyrus Field
What was a major impact of George Westinghouse’s alternating current innovations?
Expanded access to transatlantic telegraph service
Improved wages for textile workers nationwide
Enabled long-distance electric power transmission
Created compact personal cameras for consumers
Thomas Edison’s contributions included which set of technologies?
Phonograph, incandescent lamp, motion picture camera
Cash register, safety razor, adding machine
Telegraph, transatlantic cable, telephone
Typewriter, fountain pen, calculating machine
Which statement best describes wealth distribution around 1890?
Most workers earned middle-class wages annually
The new wealthy were primarily factory laborers
A small minority controlled most national wealth
Wealth was evenly spread across social classes
Why were industrial wages low around 1900 for many workers?
Most factories operated only three days a week
Labor laws mandated capped pay scales
There were more workers than available jobs
The gold standard reduced circulating currency
Which work conditions were common for industrial laborers circa 1900?
Seasonal hours set by labor unions
Remote work using telephones
Four-hour shifts, five days weekly
Ten-hour days, six days per week
How did the roles of women change with clerical demand in the late 19th century?
Most women left paid work entirely
Women shifted mainly to heavy factory labor
Women dominated ownership of large firms
More women became secretaries and typists
What popular narrative is associated with Horatio Alger’s novels?
A poor man rises through hard work
Technicians perfect alternating current
Artists document society with photography
Farmers expand into urban markets
Which technology broadened everyday use of images and changed how people recorded life events?
The adding machine automated textile production
The transatlantic cable sped ocean travel by steamship
The cash register standardized accounting ledgers
The Kodak camera made personal photography accessible
Which trend reflected upward mobility during industrialization?
Decline of electric streetcar systems
Elimination of clerical positions for women
Universal wealth equality across regions
An expanding middle class in urban areas
Which term describes replacing striking workers with new workers during a labor dispute?
Scabs hired as replacements
Lockout by closing factories
Blacklist of union supporters
Yellow Dog contracts signed
What was the main purpose of a lockout used by management during labor conflicts?
Ban union members from jobs
Force arbitration over disputes
Hire private guards for strikes
Close factories to break organizing
Which practice tried to prevent pro-union workers from getting hired anywhere?
Arbitration replacing walkouts
Blacklist distributed to employers
Pinkertons guarding factories
Court injunctions against strikes
Which statement best describes Yellow Dog Contracts in the late 1800s?
Workers promised not to join unions
Managers granted eight-hour days
Unions agreed to binding arbitration
Courts protected picket lines
Which organization was established in 1866, sought higher wages and an eight-hour day, and lost support after the Panic of 1873?
Industrial Workers of the World
American Federation of Labor
Knights of Labor
National Labor Union
Who led the Knights of Labor and favored arbitration over strikes?
John Lewis as president
Terence Powderly as leader
Eugene Debs as organizer
Samuel Gompers as founder
Which event most damaged public support for the Knights of Labor in 1886?
Ludlow tent colony attack
Homestead steel conflict
Pullman boycott and strike
Haymarket bombing and riot
Which union, founded in 1886 and led by Samuel Gompers, focused on higher wages and better working conditions?
American Federation of Labor
National Labor Union
Industrial Workers of the World
Knights of Labor
Why did management seek court injunctions during strikes in the late 1800s?
To guarantee eight-hour workdays
To fund private detective agencies
To recruit replacement strikebreakers
To obtain legal orders stopping strikes
In 1901, which labor organization had grown to over one million members?
Knights of Labor
National Labor Union
American Federation of Labor
Pullman Company union
Soon after acquiring his first ferry, what reputation did Vanderbilt earn?
Cutthroat – win at any cost
Cheap and efficient
Guillible
In 1866, Vanderbilt was struggling. What loss affected him so deeply?
The death of his favored son, George.
The death of his wife
He got cancer
All his ships because they were made of wood
Vanderbilt's rivals stopped believing he was a strong business adversary. What did Vanderbilt do to convince them he was still powerful?
Closed the Albany bridge, cutting off New York
He built more bridges
He built more railroad tracks
He sold all his shares in the railroad business
John D. Rockefeller was en route to a meeting with Vanderbilt. What happened during the trip?
His son died
He missed the train, and it crashed
He died on a train that crashed
He decided to team up with Carnegie instead
John D. Rockefeller had helped support his family because of his troubled father. What was the occupation of William A. Rockefeller, John’s father?
candy salesman
circus operator
con man
railroad operator
How many railroads went out of business in the economic crash in 1873?
1/2
1/3
1/10
1/20
How did Rockefeller eliminate the railroad's need for transporting his oil?
built his own railroad
built company towns
he bought all railroads
he built his own pipelines
Rockefeller named his company ____________ so that people's fear of kerosene would be eased.
JDR
Pennsylvania
Cleveland
Standard Oil
Rockefeller was able to pull off the first real ______________ in America, driving out all of his competitors.
Socialist Corporation
Oligarchy
Monopoly
Democracy
What material did Carnegie mass produce to make his bridge stronger?
Iron
Carbon
Concrete
Steel
Where did Carnegie build his mills?
Chicago
Pittsburgh
New York
Johnstown
Who did Carnegie hire to run his mills?
Henry Ford
Henry Frick
J.P Morgan
himself
Where did Carnegie build his first bridge?
Missouri River
Mississippi River
Hudson River
Quinipiac River
People knew the South Fork Dam might break. Why did they fail to evacuate, even after the warning came?
They had seen the same warning many times before.
They did not have the means to do it. They were too poor.
They were told the water would go somewhere else.
They actually were not told.
In response to the flood, Carnegie reacted differently than other South Fork members. How was his response different?
He felt a sense of responsibility and donated millions to help rebuild his image and Johnstown.
He felt the people of Johnstown were to blame.
He had no sympathy for anyone.
He immediately moved to Johnstown.
To overtake Rockefeller as the richest man, Carnegie rebuilt the Homestead Steel Mill. What did he do to make it more profitable?
Reduced wages and increased working hours.
Made the steel mill bigger.
He increased wages and reduced working hours.
He moved the factory overseas.
Why were some working conditions a problem for the Homestead plant workers?
They were working twelve-hour days, six days a week – the exhaustion was dangerous.
They couldn't see their families.
They didn't work enough to learn the trade.
They needed more hours because of inflation.
Andrew Carnegie returned to Pittsburgh to find rebelling workers and an injured chairman. Who did Carnegie blame for these problems?
Himself
The Workers
Henry Frick
The Pinkertons
J.P. Morgan wanted to be a major capitalist like Rockefeller or Carnegie, but he needed to invest in a new idea. What idea did he find?
Electricity, electric light
Hedge Funds
Bank Accounts
ATMS
The elite all wanted electrified homes—except Rockefeller. Why did Rockefeller fear electricity?
He sold oil and recognized that electricity could replace it, causing his business to fail.
Like most people, he thought it was dangerous.
It was against his religion.
He felt that lights would keep people up later, which would lead to more alcohol consumption.
Nikola Tesla wanted higher voltage alternating current (A.C.) to be the standard. Why was Edison unwilling to listen to Tesla’s ideas?
Edison worried that A.C. was too dangerous.
Tesla was his junior employee, so he thought his ideas were beneath him.
He didn't like Tesla
He didn't think Tesla was very smart
Edison worried that D.C. was too dangerous.
Tesla was his employee, so he thought Tesla shouldn't question his methods
Why did Edison decide to develop an electric chair?
He used an alternating current (his rival, Tesla’s, design). He wanted to demonstrate that AC was dangerous in order to promote his direct current.
He used an alternating current (his rival, Tesla’s, design). He wanted to demonstrate that AC was better than DC.
He wanted to be remembered as Doctor Death.
He was a strong believer that hanging people was inhumane.
In order to take down Westinghouse, J.P. Morgan started a smear campaign to devalue Westinghouse stock and drive Westinghouse further into debt.
True
False
Officials in charge of the Niagara station chose ________________ to power their generators.
Tesla
Westinghouse
AC
Edison
Morgan
DC
Solar Power
The United States was in a dangerous financial situation that was at risk of getting much worse. What did J.P. Morgan do about this problem?
He loaned over $100 million to the U.S. Treasury, saving it from collapse.
He advised the government to create a federal income tax.
He donated $1 billion to the federal government as an act of patriotism.
Nothing.
William Jennings Bryan saw an opportunity to rise to the presidency as the voice of the poor. What did Bryan promise to do to the big trusts?
Break them up
Make them more powerful
Tax them heavily
Leave them alone
Bryan continued to grow in the polls, leading the captains of industry to try fear tactics. What did they do?
They told their workers that if Bryan were elected, they would close up shop, costing the employees their jobs.
They told their workers that if Bryan were elected, they would all get raises.
They told their workers that if Bryan were elected, they would move their factories to Mexico.
They encouraged all their workers to vote however they wanted to.
To achieve his dream, J.P. Morgan had to purchase Carnegie Steel. Why did Carnegie even consider selling?
He wanted to use his money to benefit mankind.
He wanted to be the richest man in the world so he could buy his own country
He wanted to buy a castle in Scotland
He was tired of making steel
Carnegie eventually sold his company. On what amount did he and Morgan agree?
$480 million dollars
$280 million dollars
$4 billion dollars
$1 dollar
How was Ford’s car different from other automobiles in production during that era?
It was affordable enough to be purchased by the “common man”
It was faster than any other car in the world
It was the only one that ran on gasoline
It was more expensive than the other cars
How did U.S. Steel (J.P. Morgan) avoid the anti-cartel lawsuits that plagued Rockefeller?
He performed several actions on behalf of the United States, using his power and influence for the benefit of the nation.
He bought off all the Senators in the U.S. Senate
He blackmailed the President
How was Ford’s factory different from the way other cars were manufactured?
He used an assembly line.
He paid his workers more money than everyone else
He gave his workers flexible hours
He used machines to build his cars
J.P. Morgan passed away peacefully at the age of 75. At his death, Carnegie and Rockefeller changed their competition. Instead of trying to be the richest, what did they do next?
They turned to philanthropy. (67 billion given away by Carnegie in today’s money; 100 billion in today’s money by Rockefeller)
They battled to be the richest men in America
They joined forces and bought J.P. Morgan Chase bank
They gave all their money to the federal government
Which goal was shared by both the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
to help large corporations increase their production
to introduce new and innovative techniques to factories
to promote immigration of skilled workers from Asia and Europe
to organize workers to demand better working conditions
The Interstate Commerce Act (1877) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) were efforts by the federal government to
regulate aspects of business.
expand the positive features of the trusts.
favor big business over small companies.
move toward government ownership of key industries.
What was the main purpose of cattle drives during the Texas Old West era?
To transport cattle from ranches in Kansas to railheads in Texas for shipment to southern markets.
To transport cattle from ranches in Texas to railheads in New York for shipment to international markets.
To transport cattle from ranches in Texas to railheads in California for shipment to western markets.
To transport cattle from ranches in Texas to railheads in Kansas for shipment to eastern markets.
General Sheridan thought that the extinction of what animal would settle the "Indian question"?
bison
cattle
horses
pigs
How did the expansion of railroads impact the economy of Texas during the Old West era?
The expansion of railroads in Texas during the Old West era had no impact on the economy.
The expansion of railroads in Texas during the Old West era had a negative impact on the economy, leading to increased unemployment and economic decline.
The expansion of railroads in Texas during the Old West era had a minimal impact on the economy, with no significant changes in trade or transportation.
The expansion of railroads in Texas during the Old West era had a positive impact on the economy, facilitating trade, transportation, and the development of new industries.
What were the consequences of the Indian Wars on Native American tribes in Texas?
Improved economic opportunities and prosperity
Displacement from ancestral lands, loss of culture and traditions, forced assimilation, and decline in population.
Peaceful coexistence with European settlers
Increased political power and autonomy
From which country did the U.S. take control of southwestern lands in 1848?
France
Mexico
Great Britain
What is the name given to migrants who traveled to California during the Gold Rush?
Forty-niners
Sixty-niners
Twenty-niners
Eighty-niners
What year did California formally enter the Union?
1849
1850
1851
1852
Which city is mentioned as having a population explosion during the Gold Rush?
Los Angeles
San Diego
San Francisco
Sacramento
What sentiment led to the establishment of taxes and laws targeting immigrants in California?
Nativist sentiment
Economic sentiment
Environmental sentiment
Technological sentiment
By what year had California's native population been almost completely decimated?
1850
1865
1890
1900
Which industry experienced significant growth in California as a result of the Gold Rush?
Agriculture
Technology
Mining
Textiles
Which group of people faced significant discrimination during the California Gold Rush?
Chinese immigrants
European settlers
Native Californians
Mexican miners
What was the ideal time for gold seekers to begin their journey across the Nebraska plains?
After the grass had grown
Before the winter
During the gold rush
After the war
What was a common ritual in many camps at night?
Singing songs
Weighing out the gold dust collected
Cooking meals
Telling stories
In the film "Tombstone," who was the leader of the Cowboys in the story?
Wyatt Earp
Curly Bill Brocius
Doc Holliday
Johnny Ringo
In the film "Tombstone," what was the relationship between Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday?
Enemies
Brothers
Friends
Rivals
In the film "Tombstone," what drug was Maddie (Wyatt's wife) addicted to?
Cocaine
Laudanum
Marijuana
In the film "Tombstone," with whom did Wyatt Earp begin an affair?
Josephine Marcus
Kate Elder
Annie Oakley
Calamity Jane
In the film "Tombstone," what position did Virgil Earp hold in Tombstone?
Mayor
Town Marshal
Judge
In the film "Tombstone," what law did Virgil establish in Tombstone?
No gambling
No alcohol
No weapons in town
No public gatherings
In the film "Tombstone," who challenged Wyatt Earp to a duel?
Curly Bill Brocius
Johnny Ringo
Ike Clanton
Doc Holliday
In the film "Tombstone," who killed Johnny Ringo?
Wyatt Earp
Virgil Earp
Doc Holliday
Morgan Earp
In the film "Tombstone," where did Virgil Earp go after leaving Arizona?
Texas
California
New Mexico
Nevada
In the film "Tombstone," what happens to Wyatt Earp in the end?
He becomes a sheriff
He is killed in a duel
He settles down with Josephine Marcus
He returns to law enforcement
Which amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born in the United States?
12th Amendment
16th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Which industrialist is most closely associated with the development of the steel industry in the United States?
J.P. Morgan
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Cornelius Vanderbilt
