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WorksheetsNervous System Basics and Neuron Anatomy
Total questions: 32
Worksheet time: 3hrs 31mins
Which sequence best represents the three basic functions of the nervous system?
Integration, motor output, sensory input
Motor output, sensory input, integration
Sensory input, integration, motor output
Motor output, integration, sensory input
Which structures belong to the central nervous system rather than the peripheral nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Ganglia and peripheral axons
Autonomic and somatic nerves
Which pairing correctly matches functional divisions with their descriptions?
Autonomic division controls voluntary muscles
Somatic division controls involuntary effectors
Motor efferent carries input to receptors
Sensory afferent carries input to CNS
Which pairing correctly matches functional divisions with their descriptions?
Autonomic division controls voluntary muscles
Somatic division controls involuntary effectors
Motor efferent carries commands from CNS
Sensory afferent carries input from CNS
Which statement best distinguishes sympathetic from parasympathetic activity?
Sympathetic promotes rest-and-digest functions
Parasympathetic speeds heart and dilates pupils
Parasympathetic increases stress hormones
Sympathetic is fight-or-flight responses
Which neuroglial cells are found in the CNS?
Microglia and satellite cells only
Schwann cells and astrocytes only
Satellite cells and Schwann cells only
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocytes
Which neuroglial cells are found in the PNS?
Microglia and satellite cells only
Schwann cells and astrocytes only
Satellite cells and Schwann cells only
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocytes
Which best defines the primary function of neurons?
Provide structural support only
Transmit electrical signals
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Form myelin in the PNS
Which list contains typical parts of a neuron?
Axon hillock, sarcomeres, discs
Myelin, nodes, capillaries only
Soma, dendrites, axon, axon terminals, nodes of ranvier, myelin sheath
Soma, cilia, microvilli only
nucleus vs ganglion
Nucleus is CNS cell bodies; ganglion is PNS cell bodies
Nucleus is PNS axons; ganglion is CNS axons
Nucleus is PNS cell bodies; ganglion is CNS cell bodies
Nucleus is CNS axons; ganglion is PNS axons
nerve vs tract
nerves are axons in PNS, tract are axons in CNS
tract is PNS axons; nerves is CNS axons
Nucleus is PNS cell bodies; ganglion is CNS cell bodies
Nucleus is CNS axons; ganglion is PNS axons
What is the principal effect of myelin on axonal conduction?
It speeds conduction velocity
It slows saltatory propagation
It blocks action potential initiation
It decreases membrane resistance
Which cells form myelin in the CNS and PNS respectively?
Ependymal cells(CNS) and microglia(PNS)
Schwann cells(CNS)and astrocytes(PNS)
Astrocytes (PNS)and satellite cells(CNS)
Oligodendrocytes(CNS) and Schwann cells(PNS)
Which structural class of neuron typically has many processes including one axon and multiple dendrites?
Pseudounipolar neuron
Unipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Multipolar neuron
Which functional class of neuron primarily connects other neurons within the CNS for integration?
Preganglionic neuron
Interneuron
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Given Ohm’s law, if membrane voltage is constant, what happens to current when resistance increases?
Current reverses direction
Current remains unchanged
Current increases proportionally
Current decreases proportionally
Which set lists common ion channel types in neuronal membranes?
Stretch-activated only, calcium pumps only
Ligand-gated only, always open only
Leak, voltage-gated, ligand-gated, mechanical
Aquaporins, gap junctions, pumps, exchangers
Which factor most directly establishes the typical neuronal resting membrane potential near −70 mV?
Greater K+ leak than Na+ leak plus Na+/K+ pump
Equal Na+ and K+ leak with inactive Na+/K+ pump
Chloride influx balanced by potassium efflux only
Dominant Na+ leak inward without any active transport
Which statement best distinguishes graded potentials from action potentials?
Graded are variable and decremental, action are all‑or‑none
Graded are long and constant, action are short and local
Graded require voltage‑gated Na+ channels, action do not
Graded only depolarize membranes, action only hyperpolarize
During the rising phase of an action potential, which primary ionic movement occurs?
Slow K+ efflux through leak channels only
Rapid Na+ influx through voltage‑gated channels
Ca2+ influx triggering neurotransmitter release
Cl− influx causing strong hyperpolarization
Which phase sequence correctly describes a typical neuron action potential?
Depolarization, resting, hyperpolarization, repolarization
Hyperpolarization, depolarization, repolarization, resting
Repolarization, depolarization, resting, hyperpolarization
Resting, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
Why does the relative refractory period require a stronger stimulus to trigger an action potential?
Neurotransmitter stores are depleted at the terminal
The membrane potential is at exact threshold with low K+
All Na+ channels are fully reset and K+ channels are closed
Some Na+ channels remain inactivated and K+ conductance is high
Saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction primarily because myelination does what?
Eliminates voltage‑gated channels at nodes entirely
Opens additional leak channels across internodes
Decreases axon diameter allowing quicker ion diffusion
Increases membrane resistance enabling node‑to‑node jumping
Which feature best characterizes electrical synapses compared with chemical synapses?
Signal transmission is slower but more modulatory
Vesicle exocytosis is essential for impulse passage
Neurotransmitters diffuse across a wider synaptic cleft
Gap junctions enable rapid direct ionic current flow
At a typical chemical synapse, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) most commonly results from which event?
Opening of ligand‑gated Na+ channels causing depolarization
Opening of K+ channels increasing membrane potential negativity
Closure of all ligand‑gated cation channels preventing influx
Opening of Cl− channels producing strong depolarization
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is most likely produced by which ion movement?
K+ efflux or Cl− influx causing hyperpolarization
K+ influx via leak channels depolarizing cell
Na+ influx through voltage‑gated channels
Ca2+ influx at dendrites depolarizing membrane
Which scenario best illustrates spatial summation during synaptic integration?
Voltage‑gated Na+ channels reset between spikes
EPSPs from different synapses arrive simultaneously
A single synapse fires repeatedly in quick bursts
A solitary IPSP followed by delayed EPSP occurs
Which statement best contrasts ionotropic and metabotropic receptors at synapses?
Ionotropic are fast ligand‑gated channels; metabotropic are slower G protein mediated
Ionotropic require second messengers; metabotropic are direct ion channels
Ionotropic always inhibit neurons; metabotropic always excite
Ionotropic are only presynaptic; metabotropic only postsynaptic
In neural processing, which statement correctly contrasts serial and parallel pathways?
Serial uses one path, parallel uses multiple paths
Serial uses multiple paths, parallel uses one path
Both use multiple paths with shared synapses
Both use one path with repeated loops
Serial and parallel have identical routing
graded potential is
all or none strength, long distance, does not decrease, in axon
variable strength, short distance, decreases, in dedrites/soma
all or none, short distance, decreases, in soma
variable strength, long distance, decreases, in soma/dendrites
action potential is
all or none strength, long distance, decreases, in soma
variable strength, short distance, doesnt decrease, in axon
variable strength, short distance, decreases, in soma
all or none strength, long distance, doesnt decrease, in axon
gaps in myelin
soma
myelin sheath
terminals
nodes of ranvier
