WorksheetsAbnormal Psychology Chapter 7-12
Total questions: 132
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
Which statement best defines schizophrenia?
A personality trait variation with stable relationships
A neurodegenerative disease causing motor paralysis
A temporary mood disorder without cognitive changes
A chronic psychotic disorder with functional impairment
When does schizophrenia most commonly emerge?
Late adulthood after retirement
Immediately after birth in neonates
Middle childhood around age eight
Late adolescence or early adulthood
Which feature is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Anhedonia with diminished pleasure
Hallucinations involving hearing voices
Avolition with reduced motivation
Flat affect with limited expression
Delusions are best described as:
Fixed false beliefs not grounded in reality
Brief doubts that resolve with evidence
Sensory misperceptions due to external stimuli
Accurate interpretations of unusual events
Which is a common type of delusion noted in schizophrenia?
Seasonal variation with winter onset
Somatic focus on muscle cramps
Persecutory themes of being targeted
Language impairment with aphasia
Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia often involve:
Rhythmic tinnitus from ear pathology
Musical ear syndrome after hearing loss
Voices commenting, criticizing, or commanding
External sounds misheard as animal calls
Negative symptoms primarily reflect:
Reduction or absence of normal functioning
Exaggeration of perceptual experiences
Acute agitation during manic episodes
Enhanced creativity and social fluency
Which set lists negative symptoms?
Pressured speech, flight of ideas
Hypervigilance, panic attacks
Grandiose ideas, referential beliefs
Avolition, flat affect, anhedonia
Avolition most closely means:
Heightened emotional expressiveness
Lack of motivation for goal-directed behavior
Intrusive thoughts that feel implanted
Increased pleasure from daily activities
Which statement about genetic risk is accurate?
MZ twin concordance around forty-four percent
No familial aggregation is observed
Single gene fully explains inheritance
Adoption eliminates genetic vulnerability
What does a 44% MZ twin concordance imply?
Genetics alone fully determines occurrence
Risk is identical in all siblings and cousins
Genes increase vulnerability but do not guarantee
Environmental factors are irrelevant to onset
The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is best characterized as:
Mitochondrial inheritance from mothers
Monogenic trait with one causal variant
Y-linked pattern limited to males
Polygenic risk with many small effects
Which statement reflects gene–environment interaction?
Environment only affects recovery, not onset
Environmental stressors are unnecessary for onset
Genetic vulnerability requires environmental triggers
Genes alone fully explain symptom patterns
According to the dopamine hypothesis, positive symptoms reflect:
Deficiency of acetylcholine in cortex
Overactivity at dopamine D2 receptors
Underactivity of serotonin transporters
Hyperactivity of norepinephrine in brainstem
Antipsychotic medications primarily reduce:
Cortisol levels to reduce stress response
Oxytocin to decrease social bonding
Dopamine signaling to alleviate symptoms
GABA inhibition to increase arousal
Glutamate dysfunction in schizophrenia is linked to:
Purely positive symptoms without cognition
Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms
Peripheral neuropathy and motor weakness
Enhanced episodic memory and recall
Which structural brain finding is associated with schizophrenia?
Thickened corpus callosum across hemispheres
Cerebellar hypertrophy with increased folds
Increased hippocampal volume and density
Enlarged ventricles indicating less brain tissue
Reduced prefrontal cortex activity is most likely to impair:
Auditory acuity in pure tone testing
Executive functions such as planning
Basic reflex arcs and spinal responses
Olfactory perception and smell detection
Which belief can lead families to attribute schizophrenia to non-medical causes in Malaysia?
Spiritual possession or black magic
Genetic mutation in dopamine genes
Childhood exposure to lead paint
Diet high in refined carbohydrates
What effect does adolescent cannabis use have on schizophrenia risk in genetically vulnerable individuals?
Has no measurable effect
Only affects negative symptoms
Increases the risk substantially
Eliminates the risk entirely
Which household context is associated with higher expressed emotion (EE) and relapse?
Short-term clinical residency
Living alone in a studio
Extended family households
University dormitory housing
How does criticism or over-involvement in families typically impact relapse rates?
Has no impact on relapse
Increases relapse rates
Eliminates relapse risk
Improves medication responses
Which statement best describes expressed emotion (EE) in schizophrenia management?
High EE predicts greater relapse
High EE reduces hallucinations
Low EE causes medication side effects
EE is unrelated to family dynamics
Which intervention is specifically aimed at reducing expressed emotion in families?
Mindfulness-only retreats
Electroconvulsive therapy
Family psychoeducation
High-dose benzodiazepines
What primary benefit do long-acting injectable antipsychotics provide?
Reduce non-compliance with medication
Eliminate all delusional beliefs
Increase family involvement strongly
Replace psychosocial therapies entirely
Which therapy helps patients challenge delusional beliefs and cope with hallucinations?
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Interpersonal Therapy
Exposure and Response Prevention
Which training aims to improve independence and community reintegration for schizophrenia?
Social skills and vocational training
Only pharmacological dosing changes
Strict bed rest for several weeks
High-intensity aerobic programs
Which pharmacological example represents a first-generation antipsychotic?
Lithium is a typical antipsychotic
Sertraline is an atypical antipsychotic
Clozapine is a typical antipsychotic
Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic
Which pharmacological example represents a second-generation antipsychotic?
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic
Haloperidol is an atypical antipsychotic
Fluoxetine is an atypical antipsychotic
Valproate is an atypical antipsychotic
Which psychosocial interventions are listed as part of treatment strategies?
CBT, family therapy, social skills
EMDR, ketamine infusions, yoga
Biofeedback, herbalism, fasting
Psychoanalysis, hypnosis, diets
What is a consequence of limited mental health literacy in families?
Has no effect on adherence
Worsens clinical outcomes
Guarantees faster remission
Eliminates stigma completely
How can stigma related to spiritual possession beliefs affect help-seeking?
Accelerates professional referrals
Improves early psychoeducation
Delays help-seeking and adherence
Ensures immediate hospitalisation
Which early-life factor is noted as a developmental risk for schizophrenia?
Bilingual education at preschool
Prenatal infections or malnutrition
Early athletic excellence records
High vitamin intake during infancy
Which DSM-5 feature best indicates Alcohol Use Disorder progression in a patient who drinks despite health warnings?
Tolerance requiring larger amounts
Continued use despite harm
Loss of control during episodes
Cravings increasing over months
A patient with trembling hands after stopping alcohol likely demonstrates which clinical phenomenon?
Acute intoxication syndrome
Post-acute adjustment
Tolerance development only
Withdrawal with autonomic signs
Which pattern most characterizes Cannabis Use Disorder in students?
Single experimental exposure
Seasonal use during holidays
Daily or frequent consumption
Occasional weekend social use
Impaired memory and reduced motivation are most associated with which condition?
Cannabis Use Disorder mainly
Alcohol Use Disorder primarily
Generalized anxiety disorder
Opioid intoxication episodes
Which withdrawal symptoms are typical after heavy cannabis use cessation?
Hallucinations with fever
Bradycardia and hypotension
Seizures and tremors mostly
Irritability and sleep disturbance
In the dopamine reward pathway, repeated substance exposure most likely causes which change?
Desensitization of stress circuits
Complete inhibition of dopamine firing
Sensitisation increasing reward drive
Neutralization of craving signals
Which medication is first-line to reduce heavy drinking in Alcohol Use Disorder within Malaysian services?
Naltrexone for cravings
Disulfiram in all cases
Carbamazepine taper
Naloxone daily dosing
Which agent is used to maintain opioid dependence treatment in community clinics?
Methadone long-acting agonist
Buprenorphine short detox
Naloxone rescue spray
Naltrexone oral blocker
Which psychological intervention targets triggers and relapse prevention for SUD?
Dialectical reframing only
Exposure therapy primarily
CBT structured coping work
Hypnosis for craving removal
Motivational Interviewing is primarily used for which purpose in SUD care?
Replacing pharmacotherapy
Managing acute withdrawal
Enhancing treatment engagement
Screening laboratory tests
Which social factor commonly sustains substance use among youths?
Peer influence pressures
Public health campaigns
Family therapy scheduling
Legislative enforcement
An integrated biopsychosocial approach is considered most effective because it does which?
Targets neurological receptors only
Combines medical and social supports
Prioritizes detox over therapy
Eliminates need for medications
Which is a DSM-5 feature shared by Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders?
Peripheral neuropathy symptoms
Cannabis-specific memory issues
Hyperthyroid-like agitation
Tolerance requiring more substance
A patient using cannabis daily despite failing courses exemplifies which criterion?
Physical dependence only
Loss of control episodes
Psychosis due to intoxication
Continued use despite problems
Which set best matches opioid withdrawal symptoms listed?
Mania, insomnia, grandiosity
Pain, vomiting, anxiety
Euphoria, constipation, miosis
Bradycardia, dry skin, calm
Family therapy in SUD primarily aims to do which?
Replace individual psychotherapy
Avoid community involvement
Educate supportive communication
Teach punitive discipline methods
Second-generation antipsychotics are noted for which advantage relevant to adherence?
Require weekly blood tests
More side effects than first
Better tolerability overall
No effect on negative symptoms
Which statement best reflects the goal of Malaysian SUD strategies?
Biological-only medication focus
Psychological techniques exclusively
Balanced biopsychosocial integration
Community isolation for patients
Which treatment approach primarily reduces cravings in substance use disorder management?
Social supports through community groups
Psychological therapies such as CBT
Biological interventions like medication
Detoxification without follow-up care
What is a key limitation associated with psychological treatments for substance use disorders?
Causes frequent cardiovascular events
Limited to urban specialty hospitals
Requires sustained patient motivation
High risk of dependence on therapy
In rural regions of Malaysia, what barrier most affects access to social support treatments for substance use disorders?
Limited availability in rural areas
Excessive medication side effects
Strict DSM-5 diagnostic thresholds
High relapse rates during detox
Which combined plan is identified as the best option in Malaysia for treating substance use disorders?
Medication with CBT and family involvement
Detoxification with peer support only
CBT alone without pharmacotherapy
Residential care without family contact
Which symptom profile aligns with stimulant-induced paranoia?
Bradycardia with excessive sleep
Calm mood with reduced alertness
Suspiciousness with possible hallucinations
Euphoria with rapid weight gain
Which health risk is most directly associated with stimulant use disorder?
Autoimmune flare-ups from immunotherapy
Pulmonary embolism from immobility
Liver cirrhosis from alcohol toxicity
Cardiovascular events like arrhythmias
Which clinical characteristic best distinguishes anorexia nervosa from other eating disorders?
Frequent meal skipping habit
Preference for low-sugar foods
Occasional overeating episodes
Intense fear of weight gain
In anorexia nervosa, which pattern of eating is typically observed?
Severe food restriction
Night-time snacking
High-protein meal planning
Irregular breakfast choices
What does distorted body image most directly refer to in eating disorders?
Disliking certain cuisines
Misperceiving one’s body size
Confusing thirst with hunger
Forgetting recent meals eaten
Which medical risk is commonly associated with anorexia nervosa?
Heart failure
Kidney stones
Seasonal allergies
Migraine headaches
Family-Based Therapy (FBT) in Malaysia is characterized by which feature?
Primary use for adult patients
Strong parental involvement
Focus on workplace stress
Emphasis on sports performance
Which limitation is noted for Family-Based Therapy (FBT)?
Less effective for adults
Requires intensive hospitalization
Lacks measurable outcomes
Increases medication dependence
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) primarily targets which treatment focus for eating disorders?
Distorted beliefs
Macronutrient balance
Family communication
Sleep hygiene
A common limitation of CBT in this context is that it:
Relies on group therapy only
Demands strict dietary supplements
Always needs inpatient care
Requires insight and motivation
Which feature is central to Binge Eating Disorder (BED)?
Recurrent binge eating
Persistent fasting rituals
Compensatory purging
Daily caloric tracking
Loss of control during eating episodes is most characteristic of:
Binge Eating Disorder
Pica
Orthorexia
Anorexia Nervosa
Which emotional response commonly follows binge episodes in BED?
Neutral indifference
Calm satisfaction
Elation and pride
Guilt and distress
Which statement accurately differentiates BED from bulimia nervosa?
BED requires strict dietary rules
BED focuses on body image ideals
BED involves routine vomiting
BED has no compensatory behaviours
For BED, what is a noted strength of CBT?
Speeds weight gain
Eliminates hunger cues
Enhances appetite
Reduces binges
A limitation often associated with CBT for BED in Malaysia is:
High relapse rates
Excessive sedation
Access and cost
Mandatory hospitalization
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) for BED primarily aims to:
Improve emotions
Increase exercise routines
Monitor calorie intake
Teach cooking skills
Which key feature defines bulimia nervosa?
Morning-only eating
Strict vegetarian diet
Binge–purge cycle
Chronic dehydration
Which are examples of compensatory behaviours in bulimia nervosa?
Vomiting and laxatives
Meal planning and journaling
Mindfulness and meditation
Hydration and sleep
In bulimia nervosa, self-worth is often closely tied to:
Body image
Academic grades
Peer approval
Work productivity
In Mei Ling’s case, CBT is used primarily to:
Encourage dietary supplements
Promote fasting schedules
Increase medication doses
Normalise eating patterns
A secondary CBT target in Mei Ling’s case is:
Address perfectionism
Boost athletic training
Reduce caffeine intake
Improve sleep timing
For bulimia nervosa, SSRIs most consistently:
Replace all psychotherapy
Eliminate distorted beliefs
Cause rapid weight loss
Reduce binge–purge frequency
SSRI use is generally most effective when:
Combined with therapy
Used without monitoring
Given only as-needed
Paired with extreme dieting
An exam strategy highlighted for case questions is to:
Provide specific interventions with justification
List general textbook definitions
Avoid cultural context entirely
Skip linking etiology to treatment
When discussing Malaysian context in treatment planning, students should:
Ignore family involvement norms
Prioritize Western-only protocols
Exclude language considerations
Use Malaysian cultural context
Which core symptom domain includes difficulty sustaining attention and disorganisation?
Combined presentation symptoms only
Hyperactivity symptoms like restlessness
Inattention symptoms like forgetfulness
Impulsivity symptoms like acting quickly
A student frequently loses school items and avoids tasks needing sustained effort. Which ADHD domain best fits?
Impulsivity with risk-taking behaviour
Hyperactivity with constant movement
Inattention with distractibility
Oppositional behaviour without ADHD
Which behaviour is a case indicator of hyperactivity?
Difficulty following complex rules
Frequently losing school stationery
Leaves seat repeatedly during class
Blurting out answers during tests
Which behaviour most reflects impulsivity rather than hyperactivity?
Excessive fidgeting at the desk
Interrupting others during conversations
Difficulty remaining seated in lessons
Running or climbing in unsafe places
In DSM-5, ADHD presentations include which grouping?
Mild, moderate, and severe variants
Childhood-onset and adult-onset types
Predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, combined
Hyperactive-only and inattentive-only
According to DSM-5, when must ADHD symptoms begin?
After age 16 in adolescence
Any age if impairment exists
Exactly by age 10 years
Before age 12 in childhood
Which classroom sign aligns with inattention rather than impulsivity?
Difficulty waiting turns at games
Risk-taking like running into traffic
Frequently losing homework sheets
Blurting out answers mid-question
Which example best shows impairment across settings, a key diagnostic consideration?
Distracted at home but focused at school
Interrupts peers at school and siblings at home
Restless only during physical education
Fidgets in class yet calm during exams
A child runs and climbs in inappropriate situations. This suggests which symptom domain?
Hyperactivity with excessive motor activity
Anxiety with avoidance behaviours
Inattention with distractibility
Impulsivity with acting without thinking
Which statement best distinguishes impulsivity from inattention?
Impulsivity involves acting without thinking
Inattention is constant physical movement
Impulsivity is losing school items often
Inattention is waiting turns patiently
For exam cases, linking behaviours to which aspect strengthens reasoning?
Teacher bias and grading policies
Impairment with school, peers, family
Cultural proverbs and expectations
Medication side-effect profiles
Which symptom is least consistent with hyperactivity?
Frequently losing school items
Running or climbing in wrong places
Difficulty remaining seated in class
Excessive fidgeting over long lessons
‘Difficulty waiting turns’ best aligns with which ADHD feature?
Hyperactivity causing restlessness
Oppositionality causing defiance
Inattention causing forgetfulness
Impulsivity causing impatience
Which case indicator matches inattention?
Risk-taking behaviour like unsafe climbing
Blurting out answers unexpectedly
Constant movement when told sit still
Poor performance despite average intelligence
In Malaysia, which factor can complicate ADHD diagnosis?
Mandatory neuroimaging for confirmation
Limited DSM-5 criteria availability
Cultural expectations about classroom behaviour
Absence of symptoms before adolescence
Which pair correctly links symptom domain to example?
Impulsivity—frequently losing items
Hyperactivity—difficulty remaining seated
Hyperactivity—avoiding mental effort tasks
Inattention—interrupting others often
A teen shows average intelligence but incomplete homework and forgetfulness. Most consistent presentation?
No ADHD due to normal intelligence
Combined presentation with severe hyperactivity
Predominantly inattentive type
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
Which criterion is necessary for ADHD diagnosis beyond symptoms?
Clear impairment across daily functioning
Symptoms confined to one setting
Presence of aggressive behaviour
IQ below average on testing
Which presentation more commonly distinguishes childhood depression from adult depression?
Episodic euphoria with increased activity
Persistent irritability with tantrums or anger
Grandiosity with reduced need for sleep
Verbalised sadness dominates daily mood
A child showing fatigue, poor concentration, and loss of interest over months most likely meets criteria for which category in DSM‑5?
Depressive Disorders category
Somatic Symptom Disorders class
Neurodevelopmental Disorders grouping
Anxiety Disorders umbrella classification
Which symptom pattern often leads adults to misinterpret childhood depression as misbehaviour?
Hyperverbal social engagement
Obsessions with ritualised routines
Persistent irritability and frustration
Quiet sadness with tearfulness
Which pair best captures core social communication deficits commonly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Impaired reciprocity and pragmatic language issues
Heightened motivation and superior vocabulary
Selective mutism and normal eye contact
Rapid turn‑taking and flexible conversation
Which feature is most consistent with sensory sensitivities in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Complete indifference to temperature extremes
Seeking quiet environments due to loud noises
Ignoring all tactile input without distress
Preference for unpredictable sensory novelty
For behavioural symptoms to be clinically significant in children, which criterion must be met?
Occur exclusively at home
Resolved with brief rest periods
Persist for at least six months
Present only at school for one week
Which requirement supports establishing a robust diagnosis across contexts?
Symptoms appear in two or more settings
Symptoms emerge after major exams
Symptoms manifest during holidays only
Symptoms are noticed by peers only
Which consequence indicates clinically relevant impairment in childhood depression?
Temporary excitement during play
Declining grades and social withdrawal
Increased participation in activities
Improved test performance and focus
Which statement reflects the simplified diagnostic criteria for depressive episodes in children?
Euphoric mood with reduced sleep
Depressed or irritable mood most of the day
Stable mood with enhanced appetite
Grandiose mood with high energy
What is a common way emotional distress presents in Malaysian children, complicating diagnosis?
As physical or somatic complaints
As elaborate philosophical sadness
As improved athletic performance
As public displays of crying
Which factor in Malaysia most delays help‑seeking for childhood depression?
Ready access to rural specialists
Cultural stigma around mental health labels
Flexible school schedules and supports
High parental awareness of symptoms
Which diagnostic step helps integrate perspectives from both home and school?
Behavioural checklists from parents and teachers
Cardiovascular stress testing
Genome sequencing for risk alleles
Neuroimaging with functional MRI
Which practice in the diagnostic process involves systematic discussion of symptoms and history?
Clinical interviews with caregivers
Ad hoc peer observations
Standardised athletic trials
Random classroom polling
Which contextual belief may cause parents to mislabel depressive symptoms as laziness or discipline issues?
Routine mental health screenings
Exposure to psychoeducation workshops
Cultural expectations of strict obedience
High awareness of child mental health
Which phrase best summarises the impact of contextual challenges on outcomes?
They eliminate the need for multidisciplinary care
They often delay diagnosis and worsen long‑term outcomes
They improve academic performance consistently
They accelerate early interventions rapidly
Which symptom change is part of the simplified criteria for pediatric depressive episodes?
Improved appetite with euphoria
Increased risk‑taking behaviour
Enhanced multitasking ability
Changes in sleep or appetite
Which observation helps confirm impairment inconsistent with developmental level?
Persistent behaviour causing significant impairment
Age‑appropriate occasional moodiness
Brief distress after a single event
Mild fidgeting during exciting games
Which systemic barrier in Malaysia especially affects rural communities?
Abundance of specialised clinics nearby
Universal broadband mental health services
Excess availability of school counselors
Limited access to child psychologists
Which statement best defines Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder with social communication deficits
A mood disorder with episodic affective instability
A personality disorder with enduring interpersonal patterns
A psychotic disorder with hallucinations and delusions
Which is a core social communication difficulty commonly seen in ASD?
Poor eye contact during interactions
Excessive empathy in conversations
Rapid alternation of speech topics
Heightened sensitivity to sarcasm
Which example illustrates restricted and repetitive behaviours in ASD?
Occasional novelty-seeking activities
Flexible switching between hobbies
Repetitive movements such as hand-flapping
Frequent changes in daily routines
In Malaysia, which consequence is highlighted due to service limitations for youth mental health?
Childhood depression is frequently under-diagnosed
ASD is universally identified in preschool
Early screening is always accessible nationwide
All schools provide comprehensive therapy
Which barrier most likely delays early ASD screening in low-resource settings?
Limited specialized assessment services
Routine universal developmental testing
Overabundance of trained clinicians
High public awareness campaigns
Which feature distinguishes cognitive ageing from pathological decline?
Normal slowing without major functional loss
Sudden disorientation with severe impairment
Rapid memory loss affecting self-care
Persistent psychosis requiring hospitalization
Which statement corrects a common myth about mental health in late life?
Late life is universally emotionally stable
Ageing always eliminates anxiety symptoms
All older adults become demented by 70
Depression is not an inevitable part of ageing
Which presentation is most consistent with late-life depression rather than normal ageing?
Gradual slowing of processing speed
Occasional forgetfulness after stress
Mild word-finding pauses
Persistent low mood with anhedonia
Which is the most appropriate first step when ASD is suspected in a child?
Refer for comprehensive developmental assessment
Begin antipsychotic medication immediately
Wait for adolescence before evaluation
Advise strict avoidance of peers
Which social cue difficulty is typical in ASD?
Overinterpreting subtle innuendo
Accurately reading facial microexpressions
Effortless adaptation to group norms
Misinterpreting nonverbal gestures
Which routine-related behaviour often appears in ASD?
Insistence on strict, predictable schedules
Preference for spontaneous daily changes
Enjoyment of frequent unexpected events
Desire for variable meal times
Which aging myth is debunked by evidence on cognition?
Ageing eliminates learning capacity
Any forgetfulness requires antipsychotics
Some cognitive slowing is normative
All memory decline equals dementia
Which clinical sign suggests pathological cognitive decline rather than normal ageing?
Occasional name retrieval difficulty
Mild distractibility in noisy settings
Slightly slower problem-solving speed
Interference with instrumental daily activities
Which intervention addresses service gaps to improve early ASD identification?
Exclusive tertiary center referrals
Community-based screening programs
Deferring evaluation until adulthood
Replacing screenings with punishment
Which behaviour aligns with ASD language characteristics?
Delayed or limited expressive language
Consistent use of figurative language
Advanced pragmatic flexibility across contexts
Fluent rapid conversational turn-taking
