WorksheetsAnthropology Test 3
Total questions: 135
Worksheet time: 34hrs 45mins
Who created the definition of culture?
Sir Edward Tylor
Sir Charles Thorndike
Sir Edward Elric
Sir Stephen Leon
When A.L Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn collected different definitions of culture, what did they find?
Every culture has a dark, bloody past
Almost all the definitions were the same
Each culture had a "god" of some sort
Basically each culture was archaic
Cultural bias is also known as
ethnocentrism
ethnostate
enthobehaviorism
ethnobelief
Being taught the ways of a culture/ socialized norms is known as (one of the six characteristics of culture)
"Learned: Enculturation/ Socialization"
"Shared"
"Integrated"
"Culture"
The second characteristic of culture is __________; meaning that parts of the culture are shared with people around
"Shared"
"Integration"
"Predictable"
"Dynamic/Flexible"
The third characteristic is "Based on Symbols"; this means
we are taught things represent other things
things are always changing
people in the culture adapt
the nature of things remain comfortable
The fourth characteristic is ________; this means people and things are slowly brought into the culture to make it easier on them
"Integrated"
"Dynamic/ Flexible"
"Predictable"
"Shared"
The fifth characteristic of culture is "Dynamic/Flexible". This means that
things are always changing; one must adapt or die
the nature of things remain predictable for comfortability
we are taught things mean other things
we share parts of our culture with others
The sixth and final characteristic of culture is _________; meaning that the nature of things remain predictable for comfortability
"Predictable"
"Integrated"
"Shared"
"Learned: Enculturation/Socialization"
Culture is the blueprint for living.
True
False
If culture is the blueprint for living, _______ are the people who occupy a culture
communities
society
hometowns
neighborhoods
In every culture, there is
gender designated roles, duties, and expectations
a history of paganism and sacrifice
colonization from Europeans
domestication of cats
There are no designated roles, expectations, duties, and emotions placed on specific age groups in cultures.
True
False
What is the word to describe various ethnic groups within a culture?
Subculture
Protoculture
Underhand Culture
Hidden Culture
The US is a pluralistic society because
many ethnic groups and subcultures live here
our government is set up on free market
there are many military bases in the US
we have a past of immigration
Which of these is NOT a level of culture?
Infrastructure
Social Structure
Superstructure
Market Structure
Technology and subsistence practices in a culture are known as
infrastructure
social structure
superstructure
Social structure in a culture is known as
kinship, politics, and social organization
worldview, religion, and political ideology
technology and subsistence
Worldviews, religion, and political ideology in a culture is known as
Superstructure
Social Structure
Infrastructure
Using technology and cultural knowledge to survive or improve environmental conditions is known as
cultural adaptation
cultural appropriation
cultural relativism
cultural ethnocentrism
When anthropologists try to remain relativistic to cultures that are different that is considered
cultural relativism
cultural respect
cultural ethnocentrism
cultural picking
Ling things are _______ and nonliving things are ________.
biotic; abiotic
biotic; nonbiotic
abiotic; biotic
nonbiotic; biotic
What are the two kinds of cultural evolution?
Convergent
Parallel Evolution
Mobility
Neolithic
The two types of food getters are "food foragers" and "hunters and gatherers"
True
False
Which of these is NOT a type of food producing society?
Horticulturalist
Intensive Agriculture
Industrial Agriculture
Herders (Pastoralist/ Transhumance)
Parallel Horticulture
What signifies the Neolithic Revolution?
Domestication of plants and animals
Horticulture/ Simple farming
Swidden agriculture
Industrial agrigulture
Only digging with sticks or crudely made hoes is an example of
Horticulture/ simple farming
Industrial farming
Intensive agriculture
Pastoralism
Slash-and-burn agriculture, or Swidden agriculture, is common in what ecosystem?
Tropical/ Jungle
Plains
Mountains
Grasslands
Draft animals, irrigation, crop rotation, and machinery are examples of
Intensive agriculture
Industrial agriculture
Corporate farming
Pastoralism
When 80% or more are not involved in subsistence/ corporate farming or agribusiness, it is considered
Industrial agriculture
Pastoralism
Horticulture
Intensive agriculture
Pastoralism/ transhumance is known as
livestock are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing
slashing down trees in order to have more land for grazing
irrigation canals and crop rotations
The exchange of goods and services is known as
economics
natural resources
task specialization
reciprocity
Technology, land, labor, and water are examples of
natural resources
barters
economic exchanges
cooperative labor
Gender and age determine labor in some cultures.
True
False
________ is a cooperative owned and self-managed by its workers
Cooperative labor
Economic exchange
Reciprocity
Conspicuous Consumption
Task specialization would be considered
anything that a certain person does really well
a thing that a group of people want done a certain way
tasks that are difficult and require a lot of work
laws that separate gender and age in labor
Economic exchange has three areas; they are
reciprocity
redistribution
market exchange
trickle-down economics
The US only has two areas of economic exchange.
True
False
Generalized, balanced, and negative are the three kinds of
reciprocity
economic exchange
redistribution
bartering
Generalized reciprocity is
between two close people
not immediately required to return
not fully calculated in value
all of these are correct
Immediate return of value and more precise calculated amount of value is known as
generalized reciprocity
balanced reciprocity
negative reciprocity
Negative reciprocity is when someone takes something from you and you take more in return.
True
False
A method by which traders who cannot speak each other's language can trade without talking is known as
silent barter/ dumb barter
redistribution
conspicuous consumption
levelling mechanisms
Who was allowed in the Kula Rings?
Men
Women
Children
Everyone in the culture
What are the two kinds of redistribution?
Egalitarians
Non-egalitarians
Trickle-down
Market exchange
Showing off your wealth is known as
being Kayne West
conspicuous consumption
levelling mechanisms
Bronis' Law
Levelling mechanisms are
a practice that acts to ensure social equality
trickle down theory
gift giving
all of these are correct
The distributions of goods, services, and time by the forces of supply, demand, and supply is _________
market exchange
primitive money
informal economy
Dog teeth, sea shells, and feathers are examples of
biotic organisms
informal money
informal economy
gift bearing
_______ is known as a black market, such as drugs, gambling, prostitution, etc.
Informal economy
Illegal Substigates
Reverse markets
Informal money
Marriage is not universal.
True
False
What is the least useful reason for being married?
Emotional security/ love
Gender role models
controlling sexual access
having children
Economics are one of the most important aspects of marriage.
True
False
The three types of kin are
consanguineal
affinal
fictive
westermarck
Consanguineal means "blood related", affinal means "made up relations", and fictive means "marriage related".
True
False
There are three incest taboo theories. They are
biological theory
Westermarck theory (grew up and is too close to someone)
Malinowski theory (no new in-laws)
Endogamy theory
Endogamy is
marriage within a certain group
marriage outside a certain group
economics inside a clan
economics outside a clan
Marriage outside of a certain cultural group is known as
endogamy
exogamy
polygamy
monogamy
What is the difference between a biological father and a social father?
Biological fathers give you DNA; social fathers do not
Biological fathers give DNA and always leave; social fathers adopt you
They are the same
Polygamy is legal in the state of Alabama.
True
False
The US uses mostly _______
polygamy
monogamy
serial monogamy
group marriages
A series of marriages back-to-back is called
serial monogamy
polyandry
group marriages
conjugal families
Polygyny is the polyamorous marriage of
one man and many wives
one woman and many wives
many men and many wives
What makes it possible for for polygynious marriages to happen?
The man has to have lots of money to take care of the wives
The wives have to have lots of money to support their husband
________ polygyny is when a man marries the sisters of his wife.
Sororal
Societal
Spatial
Spatzing
_______ polyandry is when the wife marries the brothers of her husband
Fraternal
Fishing
Focal
Finnish
Levirate marriages mean that when the ______ dies, the remaining spouse must marry the _______
husband; older brother
wife; older sister
Sororate marriages mean that when the ______ dies, the remaining spouse must marry the _______
wife; older sister
husband; older brother
Group marriages are common.
True
False
Groom Price and Groom Service is
the groom provide services to the family of the wife for a period of time
the price in which the wife's family must pay to marry the husband
the amount the groom is expected to make in a year
What is the word that details the bride paying money to the husband's family?
Dowry
Down payment
....a corvette? I'm running out of brain cells
residence patterns
There are five residence patterns; patrilocal, matrilocal....(3 more)
neolocal
ambilocal/bilocal
avunculocal
agrilocal
The economic and residential unit is considered a
household
home land
family unit
bond
Conjugal family/ bond is the bond between
mothers and children
fathers and children
husband and wife
wife and mother-in-law
Your "kindred" is
close blood relatives on both sides of the family
your immediate family; ie. mom, dad, siblings
your extended family that you hardly know
close family friends
Which of these is NOT a type of political system?
Bands
Tribes
Chiefdomships
States
Nations
Bands and tribes' power are based on how much money you have.
True
False; it's based on how liked you are
The US is a
band
tribe
chiefdomship
state
Bands and tribes are considered
un-centralized political systems
centralized political systems
bureaucracy
democracy
Ascribed power, bureaucracy, and ranked societies belong to
centralized political systems
un-centralized political systems
economic systems
sanctions
People who share common culture, language, territorial base, and history within a state are considered a
nation
band
tribe
political party
Social control/ legitimacy is defining who has the power and the right to enforce the laws of the land.
True
False
Religious legitimacy is known as
being the pope :)
divine right
religious freedom
divine maternity
Internal social control is based on
beliefs and morals
cultural norms
laws
punishments
Negative and positive sanctions is based in
external social control
internal social control
mixed social control
There are two kinds of sanctions-
informal and formal
this is not the answer. pls call my therapist :)
internal and external
witchcrafty social control
There is a form of cultural control that is known as
witchcraft
spiritualism
war
social ostracism
During the olden days, they had different ways of deciding if someone was innocent or guilty, like the Salem Witch Trials or Eskimo song contests. That is an example of
primitive law
negotiation
mediation
blood rites
Negotiations, mediations, and adjudications are
ways to solve problems between people and groups
forms of divorce bc marriage is a scam and love dies
centralized political systems
blood feuds
Which of these is the form of solving a problem that is EXCLUSIVE to states?
Negotiation
Meditation
Adjudication
Un-Centralized political systems have raids and blood feuds, meaning they have
primitive wars
wars
religious identities
natural resource wars
Centralized political systems have wars.
True
False; only tribes and bands have wars
You should know about religious wars. Its in the name. What is a religious war?
Wars fought in the name of religion ie. crusades, jihads, etc.
You've ignored the correct answer. Return to it.
Unilineal inheritance comes from
one side of the family
both sides of the family
Inheritance from both sides of the family (which is common in the US) is called
bilateral inheritance
unilateral inheritance
Patrilineal inheritance is the most common worldwide.
True
False; matrilineal is the most common
What's the difference between lineage ancestors and clan ancestors?
Lineage ancestors are real and traceable, while clans are fictive and often based on animals
Lineages are false and based in fiction, while clans are real and can be traced
Lineages are only based in the matriarchal line, clans are based in patriarchal
The "ego" in a kinship chart is
the point of reference
most successful person
the black sheep of the family
the dead people in the family
Your father's sister's children and your mother's brother's children are
cross-cousins
parallel cousins
phratry cousins
moiety cousins
Parallel cousins are
father's brother's children and mother's sister's children
father's sister's children and mother's brother's children
Rituals and beliefs associated with a clan totem is
totemism
moiety
phratry
clan symbolism
_____: two or more ranked clans that share a totem pole
Phratry
Moiety
Clubs
Ascribition
Society with just two phratries is a ______
moiety
kindred
clan group
class
Ascribed roles are
when you are born into your role in society
when you work your way into a role
when someone dies and you're the last to choose
There are two social organizations-
egalitarian
stratified
clustered
economic
The caste societies like those in India and classes like in the US describe who's at the top and who's at the bottom.
True
False
Religion is
a pseudoscience
belief in sacred and supernatural
based in animistic ideals
created by crazy people
Each culture has explanations for the origin of life on earth, myths, life and death, etc. This is called
worldview/ cosmology
spirituality
monotheism
pantheon
When you have more individual sacred beliefs instead of organized and formal ones, it is considered
religious
spiritual
myth
animism
What is the difference between monotheism and polytheism?
Mono is one god and poly is many
Mono is many gods and poly is one
The Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians had ranked gods, meaning they had constructed
polytheism
a pantheon
monotheism
animism
Myths are defined as
religious narratives/ stories
primitive religions
animism
animatism
______ is the belief that all humans have a soul; the physical being has two parts- the physical body and the invisible soul
Religion
Animism
Animatism
Spiritualism
What inspires animism?
Natural phenomena
Spiritual leaders
Fun drug trips :)
Life forces
Belief in a "life force" is part of
animatism
animism
spirituality
religion
Who came up with the doctrine of "The Sacred and Profane"?
Emil Durkheim
Heterodotus
Euhemerus
Aphrodite, maybe? I'm trying
Diffusion is the
sharing/ borrowing of cultural things
cells splitting and flying off into the body
explanation of miracles
Who wrote "Equivalence of the Gods?"
Herodotus
Emil Durkhim
Euhemerus
Manitou
Herodotus is known as the
Father of History
Father of Modern Thought
Father of Science
Father of Mathematics
"Euhemerism" is known as the explanation for
miracles, gods, and myths
natural oddities
complex math equations
religious leaders' powers
Shamans are part-time religious leaders.
True
False
Shaman skills include (4)
trances
musical instruments
slight of hand tricks
ventriloquism
Puberty Rites
Priests/ Priestesses are a part-time job.
True
False
Witches and sorcerers differ in the fact that
witches can cast spells and sorcerers can't
witches are social outcasts and sorcerers can cast spells
sorcerers can cast spells but witches can as well
both are social rejects
There are lots of diviners in our culture. What are some examples of divination?
Knowing that Jeffery Epstein DIDN'T kill himself
Ouija boards
crystal balls
tarot cards
Vision quests/spiritual helpers often
help young people/ confused people find their way in a spiritual quest
do alarming amounts of drugs and then slaughter the village
go on a trance trip in order to prove their worth as a shaman
"The Golden Bough" was written by
Sir James Frazier
Sir Franklin Smith
Sir Martin Grosse
Sir Alexander Hamilton
"The Golden Bough" was written to
show the doctrine of the Sacred and Profane
compare magic and religion
showcase contagious magic
tell about Rites of Intensification
Imitative/ Synthetic objects, such as Voodoo Dolls, are an example of
likes produce likes
voodoo blood magic is real
there is an afterlife
the difference between magic and religion
Contagious Magic is when objects or people once in contact with each other cannot influence each other once apart.
True
False
Birth, puberty rites, death, weddings, etc. are examples of
rites of passage
universal patriarchal power structures
revitalization movements
desecration
End of the World cults like Waco, Ghost Dance, and Jonestown are examples of
revitalization movements
functions of cults vs. religions
taboos
desecrations
There are four functions of religion; they are
psychological
social solidarity
social control
education
restrictions
Religious restrictions are called
taboos
not sleeping on the pews at church- my grandmother will beat you
desecrations
violations
Destruction of sacred sites or ideologically inspired violations are called
taboos
desecration
violations
restrictions
