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11 - Endocrine Test

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Cells of the adrenal medulla are stimulated by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts. 


a)

True

b)

False

4.

Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines. 


a)

True

b)

False

5.

Type I diabetes is preventable, and can be managed with diet & lifestyle changes. Type II diabetes is a non-preventable autoimmune disorder that must be treated with insulin. 


a)

True

b)

False

6.

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. 


a)

True

b)

False

7.

The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones. 


a)

True

b)

false

8.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts, decreasing blood calcium levels. 

a)

True

b)

False

9.

The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream. 

a)

True

b)

False

10.

A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone. 

a)

True

b)

False

11.

The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland. 

a)

True

b)

False

12.

An autocrine secretion affects cells far away. 

a)

True

b)

False

13.

A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection. 

a)

True

b)

False

14.

A tropic hormone prevents endocrine glands from releasing their hormones, thereby maintaining homeostasis.

a)

True

b)

False

15.

The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens. 

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Cells of the adrenal medulla are closely associated with preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. 

a)

True

b)

False

17.

The extrafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin. 

a)

True

b)

False

18.

Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane. 

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that hormones from the adrenal medulla increase


a)

digestion rate

b)

breathing rate

c)

heart rate

d)

blood pressure

20.

Oxytocin and a similar compound called Pitocin are administered to women following childbirth to stimulate

a)

uterine contractions.

b)

uterine relaxation.

c)

less milk production

d)

ACTH production.

21.

The specificity of hormone action is due to 

a)

target cell receptors that are unique for all nonsteroid hormones.

b)

target cell receptors that bind only certain neurotransmitters.

c)

target cell receptors that are unique for all steroid hormones. 

d)

target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone. 

22.

Target cells for releasing hormones from the hypothalamus are in the 

a)

anterior pituitary gland

b)

thyroid gland

c)

hypothalamus

d)

posterior pituitary gland

23.

Tropic hormones 

a)

block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete. 

b)

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. 

c)

function in only one sex. 

d)

only function in the tropics. 

24.

The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus? 

a)

positive

b)

neural

c)

humoral

d)

hormonal

25.

Which of the following endocrine structures is stimlated via hormonal stimulus?


a)

pancreas

b)

thymus

c)

pineal gland

d)

adrenal cortext

26.

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response? 

a)

elevated blood pressure

b)

decreased production of cortisol

c)

impaired immune function

d)

loss of muscle mass

27.

Upon landing at the airport in Lagos, Nigeria, Eric feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone? 

a)

insulin

b)

melatonin

c)

glucagon

d)

growth hormone

28.

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

a)

receptor will be located on the surface of the cell membrane 

b)

will be bound to a transport protein in the blood 

c)

will be converted into cyclic AMP (cAMP) inside the cell 

d)

will likely act through a second-messenger system 

29.

The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is 

a)

beta endorphin

b)

melatonin

c)

myostatin

d)

melanoma

30.

Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete 

a)

antidiuretic hormone

b)

adenocorticotropin hormone

c)

growth hormone

d)

thyroid stimulating hormone

31.

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks

a)

iodine

b)

vitamins

c)

potassium

d)

organic matter

32.

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is

a)

increased PTH secretion.

b)

a rise in vitamin D concentration.

c)

muscle cramps

d)

kidney stones. 

33.

Secretion of glucagon causes

a)

A) an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to glucose. 

b)

B) an increase in the formation of fat.

c)

C) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose. 

d)

D) an increase in glycogen.

34.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from

a)

an infection.

b)

a deficiency of insulin.

c)

insensitivity of cells to insulin.

d)

a deficiency of insulin and insensitivity of cells to insulin.

35.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

a)

obesity

b)

a disorder of the immune system

c)

an effect of aging

d)

excess sugar in the diet

36.

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone

a)

adds protein to plasma.

b)

decreases the number of red blood cells

c)

increases the number of white blood cells

d)

increases the number of red blood cells.

37.

A person who is stressed usually has increased

a)

number of lymphocytes in the blood.

b)

activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs

c)

resistance to infections.

d)

blood pressure.

38.

Hyperparathyroidism

a)

increases risk of spontaneous fractures.

b)

is most often caused by a tumor.

c)

stimulates excessive osteoclast activity, softening bones.

d)

all of the answers

39.

Secretion of insulin causes

a)

a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.

b)

a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.

c)

an increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.

d)

an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.

40.

Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase

a)

breathing rate

b)

blood pressure

c)

heart rate

d)

all of the answers

41.

A hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is 

a)

aldosterone

b)

mineralocorticoid

c)

glucocorticoid

d)

none of the answers

42.

Thyroxine

a)

inhibits responses of the nervous system.

b)

inhibits the rate at which calcium enters body fluids.

c)

enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized.

d)

reduces the rate at which carbohydrates are utilized.

43.

All hormones are

a)

steroids

b)

inorganic compunds

c)

proteins

d)

organic compounds

44.

Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by

a)

an autoimmune disorder

b)

an improper diet

c)

a lack of iodine

d)

an excess of iodine

45.

The blood concentration of growth hormone

a)

rises in females after menopause.

b)

rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence.

c)

varies greatly in males during adulthood.

d)

drops at puberty and rises after adolescence.

46.

Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells

a)

inactivation of adenylate cyclase

b)

activation of adenylate cyclase

c)

yclic AMP to become ATP

d)

cyclic AMP to be decomposed

47.

Growth hormone

a)

increases the rate of protein synthesis.

b)

enhances the movement of amino acids into cells.

c)

increases the rate of fat metabolism.

d)

all of the answers

48.

Upregulation of a target cell can occur in response to

a)

prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.

b)

signals from the posterior pituitary.

c)

signals from antagonistic hormone products.

d)

prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.

49.

An upregulated cell has an increase in

a)

the concentration of ligands that bind to the receptors.

b)

the number of molecules the cell secretes.

c)

the amount of DNA in the nucleus.

d)

the number of receptors available for binding.

50.

Steroid hormones

a)

are soluble in lipids

b)

cause messenger (mRNA) synthesis

c)

combine with protein receptor molecules

d)

all the answers

51.

Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the

a)

posterior pituitary.

b)

anterior pituitary.

c)

hypothalamus.

d)

thalamus

52.

The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.

a)

thyroxines; control metabolism

b)

melatonins; control circadian rhythms

c)

prostaglandins; control strength

d)

thymosins; control production and maturation of white blood cells

53.

Hormones

a)

regulate metabolism.

b)

help regulate water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

c)

have functions in growth, reproduction, and development.

d)

all of the answers

54.

The specificity of hormone action derives from

a)

target cell receptors that are unique for all nonsteroid hormones.

b)

target cell receptors that bind only certain neurotransmitters.

c)

target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone.

d)

target cell receptors that are unique for all steroid hormones.

55.

A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by

a)

directly causing protein synthesis.

b)

causing the cell to divide.

c)

causing a second messenger to be formed.

d)

promoting phagocytosis.

56.

A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.

a)

protein that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions

b)

molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones

c)

molecule; a cell that does not have receptors

d)

regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes hormones

57.

"Endocrine" means

a)

fast-acting compound

b)

hormone synthesis.

c)

acts upon target cells

d)

internal secretion.

58.

Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?

a)

Prolactin-releasing factor

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

d)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

59.

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone _________, which could increase their stamina & performance.

a)

increases the number of white blood cells.

b)

increases the number of red blood cells.

c)

decreases the number of red blood cells.

d)

adds protein to plasma.

60.

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine

a)

fall and cortisol rise.

b)

and cortisol fall.

c)

rise and cortisol fall.

d)

and cortisol rise.

61.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding hyperparathyroidism.

a)

increases risk of spontaneous bone fractures.

b)

stimulates excessive osteoclast activity, softening bones.

c)

decreases vitamin D synthesis.

d)

is most often caused by a tumor related to the parathyroid glands.

62.

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

a)

aldosterone

b)

intermedin

c)

oxytocin

d)

vasopressin

63.

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to

a)

buffalo hump

b)

Addison's disease

c)

cushing syndrome

d)

moon face

64.

Which of the following hormones would bind to its receptor INSIDE the cell?

a)

testosterone

b)

growth hormone

c)

epinephrine

d)

norepinephrine

65.

Which gland regulates the basal metabolic rate?

a)

adrenal gland

b)

thyroid gland

c)

thymus

d)

parathyroid hormone

66.

Secretions that affect only nearby cells, such as prostaglandin secretion, are termed

a)

paracrine

b)

autocrine

c)

endocrine

d)

exocrine

67.

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions, and is known as a mixed gland?

a)

thyroid gland

b)

anterior pituitary

c)

liver

d)

pancreas

68.

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate a lot. The alcohol has 


a)

inhibited secretion of ACTH

b)

stimulated secretion of ADH

c)

stimulated secretion of ACTH

d)

inhibited secretion of ADH.

69.

The _______ secretes triiodothyronine (T3).

a)

pancreas

b)

thyroid gland

c)

parathyroid glan

d)

adrenal gland

70.

The pineal gland

a)

attached to an adrenal gland, and releases gastrin.

b)

found along with digestive tissue in the pancreas, and releases gastrin.

c)

located in the thyroid gland, and releases and releases melatonin.

d)

attached to the thalamus, and releases melatonin.

71.

Which of the following elements is necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis?

a)

nitrogen

b)

iodine

c)

calcium

d)

sulfur

72.

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of

a)

hypoparathyroidism

b)

hypothyroidism

c)

hyperparathyroidism

d)

hyperthyroidism

73.

Secreted by alpha cells within pancreatic isles

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

74.

Secreted by beta cells within pancreatic isles

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

75.

Stimulates glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscles & liver

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

76.

Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

77.

Which of the following hormones would have the greatest affect on blood pressure because it is a mineralicorticoid & stimlates the kidneys to conserve sodium & excrete potassium.

a)

oxytocin

b)

luteinizing hormone

c)

aldosterone

d)

prolactin

78.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

a)

obesity

b)

excess sugar in the diet

c)

unpreventable genetic mutaion or immune system disorder.

d)

unprevantable effects of aging.

79.

The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is

a)

calcitonin

b)

parathyroid hormone

c)

thyroxine

d)

insulin

80.

Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate

a)

ACTH production.

b)

uterine relaxation.

c)

uterine contractions.

d)

less milk production.

81.

A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland.

a)

exocrine

b)

endocrine

c)

paracrine

d)

autocrine

82.

Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to

a)

prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.

b)

signals from antagonistic hormone products.

c)

signals from the posterior pituitary.

d)

prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.

83.

Oxytocin ________.

a)

is an anterior pituitary secretion

b)

controls milk production

c)

exerts its most important effects during menstruation

d)

release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

84.

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.

a)

epinephrine

b)

cortisol

c)

estrogen

d)

testosterone

85.

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

a)

by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure

b)

by releasing the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response

c)

by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

d)

by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin

86.

A release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) will trigger ________.

a)

increased osteoblast activity

b)

increased activation of vitamin D by the kidney

c)

a reduction of calcium reabsorption in the kidney tubules

d)

a drop in blood calcium levels

87.

Hormones that bind to plasma proteins ________.

a)

re usually made of amino acids

b)

are usually synthesized from cholesterol

c)

are usually water soluble

d)

must also bind to plasma membrane receptors

88.

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

a)

binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity

b)

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

c)

activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones

d)

entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA

89.

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in repsonse to high blood pressure?

a)

heart

b)

spleen

c)

kidney

d)

skin

90.

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

a)

the liver and gall bladder

b)

the blood vessels

c)

liver, bones, and skeletal muscles

d)

the thyroid and adrenal glands

91.

Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to

a)

insulin, because insulin is a small peptide

b)

growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone

c)

glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone

d)

steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells

92.

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

a)

synthesizing more than one hormone at a time

b)

binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

c)

altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA

d)

increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ

93.

Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

a)

enzymatic

b)

humoral

c)

hormonal

d)

neural

94.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________.

a)

embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional

b)

it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

c)

it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release

d)

it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location

95.

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________.

a)

insulin

b)

cortisol

c)

aldosterone

d)

secretin

96.

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

a)

melatonin

b)

prolactin

c)

antidiuretic hormone

d)

oxytocin

97.

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.

a)

nucleotides

b)

calcium

c)

deactivating ions

d)

second messengers

98.

__________ controls hormone concentrations.

a)

Exposure to sun

b)

Muscle contraction

c)

Positive feedback

d)

Negative feedback

99.

Which of the following hromones is released due to humoral stimulation?

a)

cortisol

b)

norepinephrine

c)

Parathyroid hormone

d)

T4

100.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

a)

excess ADH.

b)

excess insulin.

c)

insulin deficiency.

d)

ADH deficiency.

101.

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

a)

secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior.

b)

secrete only local hormones.

c)

only secrete salts.

d)

secrete only into the bloodstream.

102.

Which of the following is NOT an action of growth hormone

a)

decreases the rate of muscle growth

b)

increases the rate of protein synthesis.

c)

enhances the movement of amino acids into cells.

d)

increases the rate of bone growth

103.

A hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is

a)

glucocorticoid

b)

aldosterone

c)

adrenaline

d)

mineralocorticoid

104.

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the

a)

thyroid gland.

b)

concentration of blood calcium.

c)

hypothalamus.

d)

pituitary gland.

105.

One of the hallmarks of Grave's disease is

a)

increased thirst.

b)

weight gain.

c)

goiter.

d)

decreased appetite.

106.

Which of the following hormones is released due to neural stimulation?

a)

Norepinephrine

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Estrogen

d)

T4

107.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system

a)

is not essential to life

b)

does not use receptors.

c)

may have a longer lasting effect.

d)

takes only seconds.

108.
Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
a)
Parathyroid Homone
b)
Calcitonin
c)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

d)
Vasopressin
109.
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?
a)
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormone into the bloodstream.
b)
Endocrine glands respond quickly to stimuli.
c)
The endocrine system exerts short-lived effects.
d)
The endocrine system adapts quickly to continual stimulation.
110.
The hormone that triggers the development of male sexual characteristics is
a)
Androgen
b)
Testosterone
c)
Aldosterone
d)
Cortitropin
111.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter A

a)

Pineal

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Pituitary

d)

Parathyroid

112.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter B

a)

Pineal

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Pituitary

d)

Parathyroid

113.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter C

a)

Pineal

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Pituitary

d)

Parathyroid

114.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter D

a)

Pancrease

b)

Adrenal

c)

Pituitary

d)

Parathyroid

115.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter D

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal

c)

Thymus

d)

Parathyroid

116.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter C

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal

c)

Thymus

d)

Parathyroid

117.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter B

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal

c)

Thymus

d)

Parathyroid

118.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter A

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal

c)

Thymus

d)

Parathyroid

119.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter A

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal

c)

Thymus

d)

Parathyroid

120.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter B

a)

Ovaries

b)

Adrenal

c)

Testes

d)

Pancreas

121.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter C

a)

Ovaries

b)

Adrenal

c)

Testes

d)

Pancreas

122.

Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter D

a)

Ovaries

b)

Adrenal

c)

Testes

d)

Pancreas

123.

Which of the following is NOT produced by the pituitary gland? More than one answer may be correct.

a)

follicle-stimulating hormone

b)

Prolactin

c)

insulin

d)

glucocorticoids

e)

thymosin

124.

Which of following is the Pineal Gland?

a)

B

b)

E

c)

I

d)

C

125.

Which of the following is the Hypothalamus?

a)

E

b)

A

c)

G

d)

D

126.

Which of the following is the Pituitary Gland?

a)

I

b)

A

c)

C

d)

H

127.

Which of the following is the Thyroid Gland?

a)

F

b)

C

c)

A

d)

E

128.

Which of the following of these are the Parathyroid Glands?

a)

D

b)

A

c)

F

d)

J

129.

Which of the following is the Thymus?

a)

A

b)

F

c)

H

d)

C

130.

Which of the following are the Adrenal Glands?

a)

C

b)

G

c)

A

d)

I

131.

Which of the following is the Pancreas?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

H

d)

J

132.

Which of the following are the Ovaries?

a)

A

b)

E

c)

F

d)

I

133.

Which of the following are the Testis?

a)

B

b)

E

c)

G

d)

J

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