WorksheetsAnatomy 2 Major Review 1
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 41mins
Which of the following are features in the Endocrine system that are not in the Nervous system?
Target cell specificity
Use of Action Potentials
Long-lasting reaction times and effect duration
Typically rapid response times
The use of tropic hormones to stimulate the release of another hormone type is an example of what stimulus?
Hormonal
Humoral
Neural
The sympathetic adrenal medulla pathway that releases NE and EPI is an example of what pathway?
Hormonal
Humoral
Neural
The release of Parathyroid Hormone due to low blood calcium levels is an example of what stimulus?
Hormonal
Humoral
Neural
Which hormones bind intracellularly in the cytoplasm or nucleus?
Water-soluble
Steroid
Amino Acid
Lipid-soluble
True or False: A Hormone's half-life is the amount of time it takes to reduce its concentration to half the original concentration
True
False
Insulin uses second messengers that help uptake glucose into the cell. Thus, Insulin is an example of what type of hormones that use second messengers?
Steroid
Amino Acid
What process describes the domino effect that amplifies hormone signaling through the use of second messengers?
Target Cell Specificity
Enzymatic Cascade
Up-regulation
Down-regulation
Why are we allowed to have so many different types of hormones floating around without them randomly binding?
Hormones bind randomly to receptors but our nervous system tells our body to ignore it if we don't need it
Hormones compete with each other for spots on receptors
We only release one hormone type at a time and wait for it to be used up
Hormones only bind to a specific receptor type on its target cell
In type 2 diabetes, cell receptors become desensitized to insulin and receptor amounts decrease. This is an example of:
Up-regulation
Down-regulation
True or False: Up regulation involves increasing the amount of receptors to match increased hormone levels
True
False
Insulin and Glucagon have opposite effects of each other, that means they are ___ hormones.
Permissive
Synergistic
Antagonistic
Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin are PRODUCED in the ___ and STORED in the ___.
Posterior Pituitary;
Anterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus;
Anterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus; Posterior Pituitary
Infundibulum;
Posterior Pituitary
The Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary are connected via the
Hypophyseal portal system
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
Neuroendocrine organ system
What hormone is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys? "Rescues" water
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Cortisol
Which of the following are functions of Oxytocin? (Three answers)
Initiate labor
Stimulate ovulation
Uterine contraction
Milk ejection
Produces estrogen and progesterone
What are the three structures involved in the release of T3 and T4?
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid
Posterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thymus
Which of the following hormones are produced by the Anterior Pituitary?
FSH
ACTH
PRL
GH
LH
Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and responsible for milk production?
Gonadotropins
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Lutenizing hormone
Growth hormone works alongside Insulin-like Growth Factors. What are some of those effects?
Increased cellular division and cell differentiation
Bone and Muscle growth
Increased Glycogenesis
Increased Gluconeogenesis
Increased Lipolysis
Which two hormones are produced by the Thyroid?
TSH
T3 and T4
Calcitonin
PTH
TRH
The most secreted form of thyroid hormone is ___, and the most active form is ___.
T3; T4
T4;T3
Which of the following are effects of Thyroid hormone?
Increased breathing
Increased cellular metabolism, particularly in neurons
Decreased lipogenesis
Increased heart rate
Increased glycogenolysis
If my goal is to do more metabolism, what do I need to happen?
More glucose
Decreased glycogenesis
Increased glycogenolysis
Decreased gluconeogenesis
Increased lypolysis
PSA: you need to be familiar with all conditions/illnesses (causes and symptoms) mentioned in the powerpoints (I'm too lazy to make questions on all of them) Select "I understand"
I understand
Choose the other option
Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels by:
Increasing Ca2+ reabsorption from the Kidneys
Increasing Ca2+ absorption from the Intestines
Activation of Vitamin D
Increasing Osteoclast digestion of bone matrix
Oxytocin
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Cortisol
What layer of the adrenal cortex are gonadocorticoids like androgens released from?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Adrenal Medulla
What hormone is responsible for Na+ reasborption in the Kidneys and results in increased blood pressure and volume?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
Androgens
True or False: The RAAS system lowers blood pressure and involves the conversion of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin with the help of Renin
True
False
RAAS System: Angiotensinogen is produced by the ___ and Renin is produced by the ___
Liver; Adrenal Glands
Liver; Kidneys
Adrenal Glands; Kidneys
Kidneys; LIver
What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis and is responsible for increased glucose, fatty acid, and protein levels? It also enhances catecholamines to cause vasoconstriction.
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The release of glucocorticoids involve what structures?
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Hypothalamus
In the pancreas, beta cells release ___ and alpha cells release ___.
Insulin; Glucagon
Glucagon; Insulin
What is the hypoglycemic hormone?
Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Somatostatin
What hormone is released if I've been fasting for most of the day? This hormone will increase glycogenolysis and lipolysis.
Antidiuretic hormone
Glucagon
Insulin
Aldosterone
What are effects of insulin?
Increased glycogenesis
Increased lipogenesis
Increased glucose uptake by cells
Lowered blood glucose levels
What is the autoimmune diabetes condition that causes impaired or no release of insulin from the pancreas?
Type 1
Type 2
Gestational
Diabetes Symptoms: Polyphagia refers to:
Excessive glucose in the urine
Excessive urine output
Excessive hunger and food consumption
Excessive thirst
Which of the following hormones are matched correctly with their organ?
Liver:
Renin
Hypothalamus:
Melatonin
Kidneys: Erythropoietin
Heart:
ANP
Adipose tissue:
Leptin
Which of the following is NOT a formed element of the blood?
Erythyrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Plasma
What is the average blood volume in adults?
4L
5L
6L
7L
True or False: Blood pH falls between a tight range of 7.35 - 7.45
True
False
True or False: Blood is typically 1°F higher than body temperature
True
False
What percentage of the blood is made up of erythrocytes?
55%
44%
<1%
The percentage of red blood cells in the blood is a value known as:
Reticulocyte count
Hematocrit
Blood smear
Centrifuge
What is the function of the colloid osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins?
Prevent fluid loss from blood in the capillaries and maintain blood volume
Increase the speed of blood flow
Push fluid out of the capillaries and into the tissue space
Regulate blood pressure
Which of the following is an accurate description of a plasma protein and its function?
Fibrinogens act as antibodies
Albumins are the most abundant group and exert the greatest colloid osmotic pressure
Gamma globulins act as carrier proteins for water-insolube hormones
Alpha and Beta globulins help with blood clot formation
True or False: Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of erythrocytes only.
True
False
The myeloid line forms all blood cells except:
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes
Erythrocytes
The hematopoietic stem cell is:
Erythropoietin
Myeloid Stem Cell
Hemocytoblast
Lymphoid Stem Cell
RBC formation is measured by counting:
Normoblasts
Erythrocytes
Myeloid Stem Cells
Reticulocytes
What pushes a myeloid stem cell to differentiate into erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, or myeloid-line WBCs?
Colony stimulating factors
Erythropoietin
Hemocytoblasts
Thrombopoietin
True or False: Megakaryocytes go through mitosis and the daughter cells are known as platelets.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT a way RBCs are efficient in gas transport
Biconcave shape gives large surface area to volume ratio
97% of the cell excluding water is made of Hemoglobin
Mitochondria in the RBC makes ATP and gives it the energy to bind O2
Each RBC has over 250 million Hemoglobin, and each can bind 4 O2
True or False: heme is the pigment and globin is the protein
True
False
Oxygen binds to ___ and CO2 binds to ___
Iron; Globin
Globin; Iron
Where is the iron in hemoglobin found?
Heme
Globin chain
The main hormone responsible in Erythrocyte production that is produced by the Kidneys is:
Thrombopoietin
G-CSF
Erythropoietin (EPO)
M-CSF
A red blood cell's lifespan is around 120 days. Which of the following are ways the parts of an RBC are recycled?
Separation of Iron and Heme, Iron is stored in Liver and Spleen
Heme minus Iron is taken to the liver and turned into bile
Breakdown in the Liver and Spleen
Globins broken down into amino acids for protein synthesis
Conversion of heme minus iron into stercobilin and urobilin to be excreted
Anemia caused by low RBC production due to destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow is called:
Hemorrhagic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Renal anemia
Pernicious anemia
The universal donor is:
O-
O+
AB-
AB+
The universal acceptor is:
O-
O+
AB-
AB+
What antibodies does an A+ blood type have?
B and Rh
A and Rh
B only
B and O
If an O- mother had an O+ baby, what antibodies will the mother have now?
No antibodies, universal acceptor
A, B, Rh
Rh only
A and B
Which WBC is the least abundant, and contains the inflammatory chemical histamine?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
I am the most common leukocyte, and I am known as the "Bacterial slayer." What am I?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
I am an agranulocyte with a kidney-shaped nucleus, and I differentiate into a macrophage inside of tissues. What am I?
Neutrophil
Eosniophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
What are the granulocytes?
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
What lymphocyte type produces antibodies?
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Natural Killer Cells
What is the correct order in the steps of hemostasis?
A. Coagulation
B. Vascular Spasm
C. Platelet Plug Formation
A B C
B A C
B C A
C B A
What helps platelets stick to collagen fibers during platelet plug formation?
Fibrinogen
Nitric Oxide
Prostacyclins
von Willebrand factor
The defining characteristic of the final phase of coagulation is:
Conversion of Prothrombin into Thrombin
Activation of either the Intrinsic or Extrinsic pathway
Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin, which creates a cross-linked fibrin mesh
If I have chronic high blood glucose levels, that can cause damage to the lining of my blood vessels, but leave the outside unaffected. Which pathway in Coagulation would be used?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
A clot that develops and stays at the site it developed at is a(n) ___.
A clot that develops and travels freely through the bloodstream is a(n) ___.
Thrombus; Embolus
Embolus; Thrombus
Embolism; Thrombus
Embolus; Embolism
