AP BIO - Cell Transport & Osmosis Exam Review

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

Define hypertonic solution.

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to water moving out of cells placed in this solution.

Front

Define hypotonic solution.

Back

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to move into cells placed in this solution.

Front

What is isotonic solution?

Back

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water across the membrane.

Front

Explain the concept of water potential (Ψ).

Back

Water potential (Ψ) is the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water, influencing the direction of water movement.

Front

What is the formula for calculating water potential?

Back

Ψ = Ψs + Ψp, where Ψs is the solute potential and Ψp is the pressure potential.

Front

What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

Back

Plant cells lose water, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall, a process known as plasmolysis.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Front

Define active transport.

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, usually from ATP.

Front

What is a symporter?

Back

A symporter is a type of transport protein that moves two or more ions or molecules in the same direction across a membrane.