Review - Biology Final Exam - Fall 2024

Front

What is a trophic level?

Back

A trophic level is a position in a food chain or food web that indicates the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another. Each level represents a different stage in the transfer of energy, starting with producers and moving up to various levels of consumers.

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How many trophic levels are in a food chain with a producer, herbivore, and two carnivores?

Back

Four trophic levels: 1) Producer (oak tree), 2) Primary consumer (mouse), 3) Secondary consumer (black rat snake), 4) Tertiary consumer (bald eagle).

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What is the function of xylem in plants?

Back

Xylem is a type of vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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What is the function of phloem in plants?

Back

Phloem is a type of vascular tissue that transports sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

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What is a virus?

Back

A virus is an infectious particle made of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, which can infect living cells.

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What is the diaphragm and its role in respiration?

Back

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located under the rib cage that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing by changing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

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What is commensalism in ecology?

Back

Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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What is mutualism?

Back

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction.

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What is parasitism?

Back

Parasitism is a relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another, often harming the host.

Front

What are producers in an ecosystem?

Back

Producers are organisms, typically plants, that create their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.