VOCAB #1: DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are chromosomes?

Back

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA. They are tightly coiled and wrapped around proteins, and they carry genetic information.

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What is a gene?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins, which determine traits in an organism.

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What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic structural unit of DNA, consisting of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

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What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules, ensuring genetic information is passed on during cell division.

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What role do centrioles play in cell division?

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Centrioles are organelles in animal cells that help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division, facilitating the separation of chromosomes.

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What is chromatin?

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Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is less tightly coiled than chromosomes and is involved in gene regulation.

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What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

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Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes.

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What is mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins, potentially affecting an organism's traits.

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What is the function of proteins in the body?

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Proteins perform a variety of functions in the body, including acting as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells.