Key Figures and Concepts of the French Revolution and Enlightenment

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Nicolaus Copernicus

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Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric theory (sun-centered universe).

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Rene Descartes

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French philosopher and mathematician who emphasized reason and deduction ("I think, therefore I am").

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Johannes Kepler

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German astronomer who formulated the laws of planetary motion.

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John Locke

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English philosopher who advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and influenced the Declaration of Independence.

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Galileo Galilei

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Italian astronomer and physicist who provided evidence supporting the heliocentric theory and made improvements to the telescope.

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Baron de Montesquieu

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French political philosopher who advocated for the separation of powers in government.

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Isaac Newton

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English physicist and mathematician who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

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Voltaire

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French Enlightenment writer who advocated for freedom of speech and religious toleration.

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American Revolution - Increased taxation without representation

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Restrictions on colonial trade and expansion.

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American Revolution - No ________________ without ________________

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No taxation without representation.