Biochemistry of the Nervous System Flashcard

Front

What is the primary role of the nervous system?

Back

To receive information from the environment and produce responses

Answer explanation

The primary role of the nervous system is to receive information from the environment and produce responses. It processes sensory input and coordinates actions, unlike the other options which pertain to different body systems.

Front

Which two major components is the nervous system divided into?

Back

Central and Peripheral

Answer explanation

The nervous system is divided into two major components: the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

Front

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Back

To act as a conduit for transmitting neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer explanation

The spinal cord serves as a crucial pathway for transmitting neural signals between the brain and the body, enabling communication and coordination of movements, sensations, and reflexes.

Front

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

Back

To link the CNS with internal organs

Answer explanation

The autonomic nervous system's primary role is to link the central nervous system (CNS) with internal organs, regulating involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion, unlike voluntary muscle movements.

Front

Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from glutamine?

Back

Glutamate

Answer explanation

Glutamate is synthesized from glutamine through the action of the enzyme glutaminase. It is a key neurotransmitter involved in excitatory signaling in the brain, making it the correct answer.

Front

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?

Back

To transmit signals across synapses

Answer explanation

The primary function of neurotransmitters is to transmit signals across synapses, allowing communication between neurons. This is essential for various brain functions and overall nervous system activity.

Front

Which system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses?

Back

Sympathetic

Answer explanation

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to muscles, enabling quick reactions to stress or danger.

Front

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Back

To transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

Answer explanation

The sodium-potassium pump is crucial in neurons as it actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the necessary ion gradients for proper nerve function.

Front

What is the main energy source for neurons?

Back

ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer explanation

Neurons primarily rely on ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation for energy. While glucose is essential for ATP production, it is the ATP itself that serves as the main energy currency for neuronal functions.

Front

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?

Back

The arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal

Answer explanation

The arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, leading to calcium influx. This calcium influx causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release neurotransmitters.