3.1 Matter and Energy

3.1 Matter and Energy

What makes up matter?

• We know that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. But what is matter made of?

• All matter is made up of atoms. The atoms in many forms of matter are joined in molecules. All of these particles move constantly.

• If you leave a bottle of perfume open, eventually you will be able to smell the perfume from across the room. Why?

Open Ended

If you leave a bottle of perfume open, eventually you will be able to smell the perfume from across the room. Why?

Kinetic Theory of Matter

• Observations about the movement of particles have helped scientist to develop the kinetic theory of matter.

• #1 All matter is made of particles that are in constant motion.

• #2 The faster particles move, the higher the temperature of the substance.

• #3 At the same temperature, more massive particles move more slowly than less massive ones.

Common States of Matter

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Solids

• particles do not move fast enough to slide past one another so they vibrate in place

• A solid has definite volume and a definite shape.

• Strong attractions hold them close together to create a rigid structure

• Ex. Ice

Multiple Choice

What causes a solid to have a definite volume and shape?

• rigid structure

• strong attractions

• volume

Liquid

• particles in a liquid move more quickly than those in a solid. This allows the particles to overcome some of the forces of attraction between them

• Liquids can flow freely.

• Have definite volume and variable shape

• Ex. water

Gas

• particles move quicker than in solid and liquid. They are usually far apart.

• Can change shape

• Variable volume and shape

• Ex. carbon dioxide

Is it a fluid or plasma?

• A fluid is a state of matter in which the particles are free to move past each other

• Because liquids and gases have variable shapes, they are considered a fluid

• Plasma is made up of electrically charged, or ionized particles.

• Plasmas have variable shape and volume but unlike gases, can conduct electricity.

Open Ended

Describe the movement of particles in a fluid. Use complete sentence(s)

Energy

• Energy is the ability to change or move matter

• Energy of motion is called KINETIC ENERGY. Because they are moving, all particles of matter have kinetic energy. Solids have the least kinetic energy while gases have the most kinetic energy.

• The total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance is called thermal energy.

Temperature

• a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

• When you measure an object's temperature, you are measuring the average kinetic energy of its particles. The higher the average kinetic of the particles in a substance, the higher its temperature.

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