Unit 3 Lesson 5 - REPRODUCTION AND OFFSPRING

Unit 3 Lesson 5 - REPRODUCTION AND OFFSPRING

Vocabulary

• asexual reproduction – requires only one parent organism for reproduction, and the organism reproduces by means of mitotic cell divisions; produces uniform offspring

• budding – a tiny bud can grow from the body of the organism until it becomes large enough to break off and become a separate organism

• diploid - having chromosomes arranged in complementary pairs

• diverse offspring – no two offspring are alike

Vocabulary

• egg – female sex cell

• fertilized – the egg is capable of developing because it has united with the sperm cell

• gamete – a human sex cell, such as egg and sperm

• genus – the division below family in the classification of organisms, usually consisting of more than one species

Vocabulary

• haploid – having a single set of chromosomes

• regeneration – occurs when organisms grow new body parts to replace lost or damaged ones; can be used to grow new organisms

• sexual reproduction – requires a male and female; each parent donates half the number of chromosomes needed to make a new life; produces diverse offspring

Vocabulary

• sperm – male sex cell

• uniform offspring – offspring are identical to the parent

• zygote – cell produced by the union of egg and sperm

Paragraph One

• Most plants and animals reproduce through sexual reproduction, while all prokaryotes and a few plants and animals reproduce by means of asexual reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction

• The male donates a sperm cell with half of the chromosomes needed for a baby, and the mother donates an egg cell with the other half.

• When these two cells join together, the egg is fertilized, and a new life has been formed.

• The fertilized egg cell is called a zygote, and it begins dividing rapidly following fertilization.

• Meiosis- is the process of cellular reproduction that produces haploid sex cells.

Sexual Reproduction

•  A normal body cell has 46 chromosomes and is said to be diploid because the chromosomes form pairs. 

• Sex cells have only half the number of cells as normal body cells and are said to be haploid.

• Sexual reproduction produces diverse offspring, meaning that no two babies created by sexual reproduction are alike

Sexual Reproduction

When the human egg and sperm unite, each donates half of the necessary chromosomes to the new organism,each donate 23 chromosomes to the zygote. When fertilization occurs, the similar chromosomes pair up, so that the new human being has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.

Sexual Reproduction

• An interesting fact about reproduction, in any form, is that it is limited to each genus. 

• The reason reproduction is limited to organisms of the same genus is that the number of chromosomes donated by each parent must be the same.

• When a parent donates chromosomes for a sperm or egg cell, the other parent must donate that exact amount of chromosomes before a new organism can be formed.

  
  

Asexual Reproduction

• "a" as a prefix in science means "no" or "without"

• Meaning that "a"sexual means without sex

• This type requires only one parent organism for reproduction, and the organism reproduces by means of mitotic cell divisions.

• The offspring produced is exactly like the parent—its cells are the same, its DNA is the same, and its genes are the same

Asexual Reproduction

• The offspring of asexual reproduction are said to be uniform offspring, which means that they are all exactly like the parent organism.

• What does uniform mean? "Think about our school uniforms. We all have the same pants and shirts. Because the idea behind school uniforms are for all students to look alike. So uniform means, to look alike."

Plants and Asexual Reproduction

• Plants reproduce asexually through vegetative reproduction. During this process, a cutting or a shoot grows out of the parent plant and becomes a new plant.

How is uniform offspring produced by asexual reproduction beneficial to the earth?

• It provides consistency and stability in our environment.

• It allows organisms to produce many new offspring quickly.

How is diverse offspring produced by sexual reproduction beneficial to the earth?

• They make a community more varied.

• They inherit strengths from both parents and can adapt to changes in an environment more easily.

• They bring more gene combinations into a community.

3 Types of Asexual Reproduction

• budding

• Fission

• Regeneration

Multiple Choice

True or False: Most plants and animals reproduce through sexual reproduction

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: All prokaryotes and a few plants and animals reproduce by means of sexual reproduction

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells), are also called ___________.

• haploid

• zygote

• gametes

• diploid

• genus

Multiple Choice

The fertilized egg is called a(n) ________, and it begins dividing rapidly following fertilization.

• gamete

• haploid

• zygote

• diploid

• genus

Multiple Choice

A normal human body cell has 46 chromosomes and is said to be _______ because the chromosomes form pairs.

• diploid

• gamete

• zygote

• haploid

• genus

Multiple Choice

Sexual reproduction produces ____________, meaning that no two babies created by sexual reproduction are alike.

• diverse offspring

• copied offspring

• cloned offspring

• alike offspring

• identical offspring

Multiple Select

Why is reproduction limited to organisms from the same genus? (Pick 2)

• It is because the number of chromosomes donated by each parent must be the same.

• It is because when different genus combine new species are created and changes the earth's balance.

• It is because genus determine the sex of the offspring.

• When a parent donates chromosomes for a sperm or egg cell, the other parent must donate that exact amount of chromosomes before a new organism can be formed.

• t is because the traits have to stay the same to avoid extinction.

Multiple Choice

The offspring of asexual reproduction are said to be ____________ offspring, which means that they are all exactly like the parent organism.

• diverse

• uniform

• general

• developed

• advanced

Multiple Choice

The type of reproduction that requires only one parent is ___________ reproduction.

• asexual

• sexual

• diverse

• advanced

Multiple Choice

What happens when plants reproduce asexually through vegetative reproduction?

• A plant divides itself into identical organisms.

• A flower is pollinated by a bee.

• A cutting or a shoot grows out of the parent plant and becomes a new plant.

• A flower's pollen gets carried away by the wind and pollinates that way.

• Organisms grow new body parts to replace lost or damaged ones.

Multiple Select

How is uniform offspring produced by asexual reproduction beneficial to the earth? (pick 2)

• They will make a community more varied.

• They will inherit strengths from both parents and can adapt to changes in an environment more easily.

• They bring more gene combinations into a community.

• They can provide consistency and stability in our environment.

• They allow organisms to produce many new offspring quickly.

Multiple Select

How is diverse offspring produced by sexual reproduction beneficial to the earth?

• They make a community more varied.

• They can provide consistency and stability in our environment.

• They inherit strengths from both parents and can adapt to changes in an environment more easily.

• hey allow organisms to produce many new offspring quickly.

• They bring more gene combinations into a community.

Multiple Select

What are the three different types of asexual reproduction

• budding

• fission

• hybrid

• genus

• regeneration