C2-PROFICIENCY: Participles

C2-PROFICIENCY: Participles

PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

Participle clauses can give extra information or describe the time, cause or result of the information in the main clause. The subject of the participle clause is usually the same as the subject of the main clause.

Participles give information about:

time: Approaching the roundabout, we saw the school on the left-hand side.

reason: Not being qualified, she is unlikely to be promoted.

condition: Washed by hand, the sweater will not lose its shape.

result: School teachers went on strike leaving many young children without adequate supervision.

The -ing participle has an ACTIVE meaning and does not only refer to the present.

Assuming you like meat, I'd heartily recommend this restaurant.

The past participle has a PASSIVE meaning and does not only refer to the past.

Properly maintained, a car like that could last you a lifetime.

The perfect participle is used to emphasize that one thing HAPPENED BEFORE another.

Having enjoyed the meal, he left a large tip.

Participles can have their own subjects.

Bags packed, we stood at the door and waited for Jim to pick us up.

Multiple Choice

...... on a daily basis, VitaPlus will soon boost your energy levels.

• Consumed

• Consuming

Multiple Choice

Not ..... a car, I have to use public transport to get to work.

• owned

• owning

Multiple Choice

The river bursts its banks, ..... many nearby villages.

• flooded

• flooding

Multiple Choice

....., Harry loaded the luggage into the car and set off for the airport.

• Having packed

• Packing

Multiple Choice

...... for his wooden performance, the actor felt he had let down the rest of the cast.

• Criticizing

• Criticized

Multiple Choice

Anyone ..... entries to the competition must be resident in the UK.

• submitting

• submitted

Multiple Choice

When ..... a client's financial problems, try to be as sensitive as possible.

• discussing

• discussed

Multiple Choice

Hair ......, I set about finding something suitable to wear.

• washing

• washed