AKS 7- Energy Transformation & Heat Transfer

AKS 7 - Energy Transformation

AKS 7a & 7b

• 7a. construct explanations for energy transformations within a system (closed or open) including chemical, mechanical (potential and kinetic energy), electromagnetic, light, sound, thermal, electrical, and nuclear energies (GSE SPS7a)

• 7b. use mathematics and computational thinking to identify the relationships between potential and kinetic energies as applied to the Law of Conservation of Energy

Multiple Choice

A book falls from a desk. Evaluate which graph BEST represents the book’s change in potential energy.

Multiple Choice

When gasoline is burned in a car engine, ________ energy is converted into _________ energy.

• heat, chemical

• chemical, potential

• mechanical, chemical

• chemical, mechanical

Multiple Choice

As a skateboarder moves downhill, some of the energy of the skateboarder is

• lost.

• kinetic.

• potential.

• kinetic and some is potential.

Multiple Choice

Jane puts some water into an electric kettle and then she connects it to the power source. She observes that after some time, the water inside the kettle heats up and begins to boil. What is happening?

• Light energy is transforming into heat.

• Heat energy is transforming into electricity.

• Electrical energy is transforming into heat energy.

• Electrical energy is transforming into light and heat energy.

Multiple Choice

Jane puts some water into an electric kettle and then she connects it to the power source. She observes that after some time, the water inside the kettle heats up and begins to boil. What is happening?

• Light energy is transforming into heat.

• Heat energy is transforming into electricity.

• Electrical energy is transforming into heat energy.

• Electrical energy is transforming into light and heat energy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the thermal energy of a material?

• The ability of the material to allow heat to pass through it

• The heat the material absorbs, minus the heat it releases

• The total kinetic energy of all of the particles in the material

• The energy needed to change the state of the material

Part 2

• 7c. plan and carry out investigations to describe how molecular motion relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation (GSE SPS7b)

• 7d. construct an explanation for how energy is transferred between particles in each type of energy transfer

• 7f. analyze and interpret data to explain the flow of energy during phase changes using heating/cooling curves (GSE SPS7d)

Multiple Choice

Which image exclusively represents the principle of radiation?

• IV

• III

• II

• I

Multiple Choice

Based on the principles of convection, conduction and thermal radiation, which scenario below is most similar to the following situation?

You put a heating pad on your back after exercising.

• Feeling a metal wire get warmer as you roast a marshmallow over a fire.

• Warm air rising in a room where the air is moving.

• The sun warming up the roof on a house.

• Cold water sinking in a pot of water being warmed up on the stove.

Multiple Choice

Energy is transferred in solids by conduction, which means that....

• heat travels in both directions.

• heat travels from the cooler object to the hotter object.

• heat travels from the hotter object to the cooler object.

• heat does not travel between objects of different temperatures.

Multiple Choice

When the burner in a hot air balloon is turned on, the temperature of the air in the balloon ________ causing its volume to _________ and the balloon _________.

• decreases, expand, sink

• increases, expand, rise

• decreases, contract, rise

• increases, contract, sink

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Different objects have different thermal properties. Objects that do not easily transfer thermal energy are called insulators. Wood, for example, is commonly used as an insulator. Thick paper, which contains wood fibers, can also be applied as an insulator. For example, hot coffee from a cafe might have a paper wrapper around the cup to protect the drinker’s hand from the heat inside. Objects that can transfer thermal energy easily are called conductors.

Metals are usually good thermal conductors, which is why metal pots are used for cooking. The specific heat of a substance (is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1C. Water has a vital role in global and local temperature regulation. This can be explained by water’s specific heat, which is 4.186 joules per gram1 degree Celsius or 4.186 J/gC. The specific heat of water is higher than other common matter.

Multiple Choice

The data table here provides information on the specific heat of four different kinds of metal.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the table provided?

• Aluminum cookware will heat up more quickly than cookware made from the other metals in the table.

• Cast iron cookware distributes heat more evenly than cookware made from the other metals in the table.

• Copper cookware will heat up more quickly than cookware made from the other metals in the table.

• Stainless steel cookware distributes heat more evenly than cookware made from the other metals in the table.

Multiple Choice

The data table provides information on the specific heat of four different materials.

Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of these materials, assuming equal amounts (mass) of each?

• Rubber would make a better insulator than cork.

• Of the materials listed, cork would make the best insulator.

• Rubber would make a better insulator than paper.

• Of the materials listed, aluminum would make the best insulator.