Ecology Community interactions and Ecology review questions

Willowridge High Ecology Community interactions and Ecology Review questions

Jorge Rodriguez

An ecosystem is made of Biotic and Abiotic components (parts)

• Biotic is the life that makes up the Ecosystem such as you, birds, roaches, bacteria etc... and even tiny kittens

• Abiotic is the nonliving components such as rain,rocks, sand, oxygen, the temperature etc.

Symbiosis

How organisms interact with each other

Predator Prey

Relationships

Human parasites

they feed on you. Yes you are their food.

Mosquitos on humans

The amazing mosquitos

Mutualism

help me and i help you.

Commensalism

The Carbon Cycle- Ryclying

• living things give off carbon when they

• exhale or when they die

• Carbon is also given off when animal products are burned

The Carbon Cycle

6 ways Carbon get recycled 1-3

• Combustion: Burning of wood and fossil fuels by factory and auto emissions transfers carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

• Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide is taken up by plants during photosynthesis and is converted into sugar/glucose.

• Metabolism: Autotrophs convert carbon into organic molecules like fats, carbohydrates and proteins, which animals can eat.

6 ways Carbon gets Recycled 4-6

• Cellular respiration: Plants and animals break down these organic molecules during the process of cellular respiration . Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere during respiration (breathing).

• Precipitate: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can also precipitate as carbonate in ocean sediments.

• Decay: Carbon dioxide gas is also released into the atmosphere during the decay of all organisms.

7 steps of the Nitrogen Cycle 1-4

• Lightning: Nitrogen can be changed to nitrates directly by lightning which then act as a fertiliser that can be used by living organims.

• Absorption: Ammonia and nitrates are absorbed by plants through their roots.

• Ingestion: Humans and animals get their nitrogen supplies by eating plants or plant-eating animals.

• Decomposition: During decomposition, bacteria and fungi break down proteins and amino acids from plants and animals

The 7 steps of the Nitrogen Cycle 5-7

• Ammonification: The nitrogenous breakdown products of amino acids are converted into ammonia (NH$_{3}$ ) by these decomposing bacteria.

• Nitrification: Is the conversion of the ammonia to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria.

• Denitrification: bacteria convert ammonia and nitrate into nitrogen and nitrous oxide (N$_{2}$ O). Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere to start the cycle over again.

• 
  

Nitrogen Cycle

Multiple Choice

What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?

• food web
• an ecosystem
• food chain
• a population

Multiple Choice

What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?

• carbohydrates
• sunlight
• water
• carbon

Multiple Choice

What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?

• carbohydrates
• sunlight
• water
• carbon

Multiple Choice

What effect does biodiversity have on a community?

• It makes destruction by insects impossible. 
• It makes primary succession more likely.   
•  It enables species to survive in a desert.
• It enables the community to withstand changes.

Multiple Choice

Which gas do animals release, that plants depend on for survival?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sunlight

• Water

Multiple Choice

How do plants affect the air that animals and people breathe?

• Plants use oxygen from the air to make their own food

• Plants release pollution into the air

• Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen

• Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

The process of plants turning carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar is called

• Respiration

• Oxidation

• Photosynthesis

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

Which gas do plants release, that humans depend on for survival?

• Water

• Carbon Dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sugar

Multiple Choice

Plants use ____________ to make their own food

• Water

• Sunlight

• Carbon dioxide

• All of these

Multiple Choice

Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?

• water
• nutrients
• air
• fossil fuels

Multiple Choice

How does the carbon in grass become part of a lion?

• The lion eats the grass
• Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion. 
• The carbon ends up in the lion's food chain. 
• The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant

Multiple Choice

In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __

• carbon dioxide
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• carbon monoxide

Multiple Choice

How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

• respiration and photosynthesis
•  decomposition and respiration

Multiple Choice

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

• cooking with gas
• planting trees
• burning wood
• riding in a bus

Multiple Choice

When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the as carbon dioxide.

• Water

• Atmosphere

• Sun

• Air

Multiple Choice

When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the as carbon dioxide.

• Water

• Atmosphere

• Sun

• Air

Multiple Choice

What would happen to the plants in this nitrogen cycle if all the bacteria died?

• They would not get the nitrogen they need.

• They would get their nitrogen directly from the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Organisms require nitrogen to make which of the following?

• Glucose

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Nitrification happens in the ______

• Air 
• Soil 
• Ground Water 
• Plants 

Multiple Choice

_____ is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia

• Nitrogen Fixation
• Ammonification
• Denitrification
• Assimilation 

Multiple Choice

The process in which Nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called ____________

• The nitrogen cycle
• The water cycle
• The carbon cycle
• Nitrogen Fixation 

Multiple Choice

What happens when organisms die and decay? 

• Their bodies are lifted up
• Their nitrogen returns to the soil
• they keep their nitrogen
• They stay on earth forever

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...

• bacteria

• plants

• animals

• producers

Multiple Choice

Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...

• bacteria

• plants

• animals

• producers

Multiple Choice

Tree kangaroos live in the upper branches of trees in the rainforests of Queensland, as well as on the island of New Guinea. This is an example of the tree kangaroos ___.

• niche
• habitat
• community
• population

Multiple Choice

What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

Multiple Choice

Bird & Tree: A bird builds a nest in a hole in the trunk of the tree. It is protected from the rain and predators. The tree is not harmed or helped by the bird.

• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

Multiple Choice

According to this diagram, plants use nitrogen to make ________

• bacteria

• proteins

• animals

• decomposers

Multiple Choice

All the organisms in a particular location, including their nonliving environment

• ecosystem
• carnivore
• niche
• population

Multiple Choice

Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer

• herbivore
• decomposer
• heterotroph
• species

Multiple Choice

How do producers (like plants) get their energy to survive and reproduce?

• competing for sunlight

• disguising themselves from consumers

• releasing more oxygen into the environment

• more biotic factors relying on them

Multiple Choice

Who could be affected if the number of birds decreased?

• only the birds

• only the grasshoppers and grains

• only the foxes

• all of the organisms shown

Multiple Choice

diagram that shows the energy available to each trophic level in an ecosystem; 10% is passed on to upper levels, the rest is lost as heat

• succession 
• cellular respiration
• energy pyramid
• biochemical cycle

Multiple Choice

Food webs are models that show

• one sequence of producers and consumers.

• complex networks of feeding relationships.

• stored energy in food chains

• only primary consumers in an ecosystem

Multiple Choice

The energy at each trophic level in the pryamid of energy decreases by a factor of ____.

• 10
• 1
• 100
• 2

Multiple Choice

What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?

• energy path
• food web
• trophic level
• food pyramid

Multiple Choice

There are birds that eat the food from between the teeth of alligators, leaving the alligators with clean teeth and the birds with a meal. What type of ongoing relationship is this?

• A. Predator & Prey

• B. Mutualism

• C. Commensalism

• D. Parasitism

Multiple Choice

Only eats plants

• Herbivore

• Carnivore

• Omnivore

• Decomposer

Multiple Choice

How nitrogen is "fixed" into a useable form for plants...

• through action of bacteria only

• through lightning only

• through action of bacteria & lightning

• through photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is abiotic?

• A tree in a forest.

• Wood from the tree on the forest floor.

• A termite on the tree.

• The soil the tree is growing in.

Multiple Choice

Ecology is the study of .

• life

• Interactions among organisms and their environments

• interactions among organisms

• how traits are passed from parents to offspring

Multiple Choice

Matter on Earth is limited, so it must be used ____________________________.

• only once
• over and over again
• by only animals
• at night only

Multiple Choice

What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?

• absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
• give off carbon dioxide
• combustion
• decomposing matter

Multiple Choice

A collection of organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another.

• Population
• Ecosystem
• Community
• Ecosphere

Multiple Choice

A living relationship between two species in which one organism is harmed is called...

• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism
• niche

Multiple Choice

Why don't parasites kill their hosts?

• It makes the parasite sick

• They don't

• The parasite would die

• The parasite gets full

Multiple Choice

An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)

• heterotroph
• consumer
• detritivore
• autotroph

Multiple Choice

What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?

• carbohydrates
• sunlight
• water
• carbon

Multiple Choice

Green plants are

• producers
• consumers
• herbivores
• omnivores

Multiple Choice

Why don't parasites kill their hosts?

• It makes the parasite sick
• They don't
• The parasite would die
• The parasite gets full

Multiple Choice

Organisms that convert fixed nitrogen back into nitrogen gas and release nitrogen gas back into atmosphere...

•  denitrifying bacteria
• fungi
• maggots 
• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Identify the cycle pictured.

• The Water cycle
• The Carbon cycle
• The Nitrogen cycle
• The Phosphorus cycle

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals need nitrogen to make __________.

• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 

• They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
• They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
• Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
• They recycle energy back to the sun

Multiple Choice

Get their energy from the sun and make their own food

• Decomposer

• Heterotroph

• Biomass

• Producer

Multiple Choice

What is happening at 1?

• respiration: releasing CO2
• decomposing CO2 in the soil
• photosynthesis: absorbing CO2
• turning CO2 from the atmosphere into organic molecules

Multiple Choice

In what process is Carbon transformed into chemical energy?

• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Primary Production
• Secondary Production

Multiple Choice

In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __

• carbon dioxide
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• carbon monoxide

Multiple Choice

Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

• volcanoes
• combustion of fossil fuels
• animal and plant respiration
• all of these

Multiple Choice

How does carbon in a grass plant get into a lion?

• The lion eats an antelope that ate the grass

• Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion.

• The lion absorbs the carbon given off by transpiration

• The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant

Multiple Choice

Bacteria fix nitrogen on plant roots. Plant roots provide sugar to bacteria. This is an example of

• mutualism
• parasitism
• commensalism
• competition

Multiple Choice

Identify the cycle pictured.

• The Water cycle
• The Carbon cycle
• The Nitrogen cycle
• The Phosphorus cycle

Multiple Choice

The process in which Nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called ____________

• The nitrogen cycle
• The water cycle
• The carbon cycle
• The phosphorus cycle

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals need nitrogen to make __________.

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Minerals

Multiple Choice

Position that an organism occupies based on what it eats

• Producer

• Trophic level

• Heterotroph

• Consumer

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals need nitrogen to make __________.

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Minerals

Multiple Choice

A secondary consumer 

• eats primary consumers
• eats producers
• eats plants

Multiple Choice

A third-level consumer has to be which type?

• Carnivore.
• Decomposer.
• Producer.
• Herbivore.

Multiple Choice

The deer, grasshopper, and bird are all examples of which type of consumers on this food pyramid?

• decomposers
• omnivores
• carnivore
• herbivore

Multiple Choice

In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in the producers gets passed to the herbivores?

• 10%
• 20%
• 80%
• 90%

Multiple Choice

An organism that eats another organism.

• Autotroph
• Heterotroph
• Plant
• Producer

Multiple Choice

In an energy pyramid, energy_______ as you move up the pyramid.

• Increases
• Decreases
• Stays the same
• Changes up and down

Multiple Choice

an animal that eats both plants and animals

• carnivore
• herbivore
• omnivore
• consumer

Multiple Choice

Which organisms eat only producers?

• Secondary Consumers

• Apex Predators

• Tertiary Consumers

• Primary Consumers

Multiple Choice

Process through which plants make their own food

• Photosynthesis

• Autotroph

• Biomass

• Trophic

Multiple Choice

Eats dead organisms and returns nutrients to soil

• Autotroph

• Decomposer

• Biomass

• Carnivore

Multiple Choice

Eats other organisms

• Producer

• Decomposer

• Consumer

• Autotroph

Multiple Choice

Position that an organism occupies based on what it eats

• Producer

• Trophic level

• Heterotroph

• Consumer