Unit 9

3/27

Unit 9 review

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Open Ended

In the mid 1970s, Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina predicted a thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica. The thinning was confirmed in the late twentieth century and has continued into the twenty-first century.

Identify the class of chemical compounds that is primarily responsible for the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer and describe TWO major uses for which these chemicals were manufactured.

Multiple Choice

1.  Why is the Ozone important to life on Earth?

• A.   The Ozone reflects all the Ultra Violet radiation
• A.  The Ozone absorbs all the heat that come up from the Earth.
• The Ozone provides all the oxygen to Earth.
• The Ozone protects the Earth’ s atmosphere and the life on Earth from harmful radiant energy emitted by the sun   

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the atmosphere is immediately above the layer we are in right now?

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere

Multiple Choice

One you have atomic oxygen (O) it combines with _______ to form ozone.

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

• oxygen (O2)

• Atomic Oxygen (O)

Multiple Choice

The ozone hole is over which place?

• Antartica

• South America

• Aftrica

• Arctic

Multiple Choice

What important international agreement limited/banned CFCs in many countries?

• Clean Water Act

• Clean Air Act

• Montreal protocol

• International Act of Ozone

Multiple Choice

Which type of radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer?

• infrared

• gamma

• visible light

• ultraviolet

Multiple Select

CFCs are responsible for the damage caused to the ozone layer. Select ALL of chemical elements make up CFCs.

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Fluorine

• Chlorine

Multiple Choice

All of the following greenhouse gases come from natural sources EXCEPT...

• H₂O

• CO₂

• CH₄

• O₃

• CCl₂F₂

Multiple Choice

Which human generated greenhouse gas is found in the greatest abundance within the atmosphere?

• H₂O

• CO₂

• CH₄

• O₃

• CCl₂F₂

Multiple Choice

While water vapor is a greenhouse gas, why does it not contribute significantly to global climate change?

• It is natural and natural gases do not have negative environmental effects

• It has a short residence time in the atmosphere

• Water vapor cannot reflect energy back towards Earth's surface

• Water vapor is only found in the troposphere

Multiple Choice

What makes gases like methane, HFCs, and CFCs so concerning in the atmosphere?

• They exist in the atmosphere indefinitely

• All three do not exist naturally in nature

• They are very efficient at absorbing the Sun's energy

• All three contain carbon atoms

Multiple Choice

The majority of greenhouse gases exist in the...

• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Mesosphere

• Thermosphere

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a source of methane in the atmosphere?

• Enteric fermentation from ruminants

• Anaerobic decomposition from organic matter in landfills

• During the extraction and transportation of natural gas

• Aerobic respiration from animals such as cattle

Multiple Select

Increases in greenhouse gases leads to which of the following?

Mark ALL that are correct!

• The melting of land and sea ice

• Spreading of disease vectors

• Thermal expansion of the ocean

• An overall decrease in global temperatures

Multiple Choice

Where are most disease vectors located?

• Tropical regions

• Polar regions

• Desert regions

• Temperate regions

Multiple Choice

How does decreased ice and snow result in warming of the planet?

• Ice and snow reflect energy from Earth's surface into space

• It creates a negative feedback loop

• More solar radiation enters into Earth's atmosphere

• The albedo of snow and ice is low

Multiple Choice

Charlotte, Luna, and Daniel are studying for their geography exam. They come across the term 'Milankovitch cycles'. Daniel thinks it's about predictable variations in Earth's climate due to changes in its orbit. Luna thinks it's about short-term changes in Earth's climate caused by human activities. Charlotte thinks it's about long-term changes in Earth's climate caused by natural factors. While, their friend thinks it's about cycles of warming and cooling in Earth's atmosphere. Who is correct?

• Daniel: Predictable variations in Earth's climate due to changes in its orbit

• Luna: Short-term changes in Earth's climate caused by human activities

• Charlotte: Long-term changes in Earth's climate caused by natural factors

• Their friend: Cycles of warming and cooling in Earth's atmosphere

Multiple Choice

During a school science project, Daniel, Nora, and Abigail are trying to determine Earth's temperature and carbon dioxide levels from thousands of years ago. What method should they use?

• Analyze the shells of foraminifera they found during their beach trip

• Study air bubbles in ice cores from their recent trip to the Arctic

• Examine oxygen isotopes in the lab

• All of the above methods

Multiple Choice

Elijah, Anika, and Luna are discussing the potential consequences of global warming on ecosystems. What is one potential consequence they might discuss?

• Loss of habitats

• Increase in biodiversity

• Decrease in extreme weather events

• Expansion of polar ice caps

Multiple Choice

Luna, Aria, and Mason are discussing the impacts of rising sea levels on coastal areas. What is one of the impacts they might discuss?

• Loss of barrier islands

• Increase in coastal flooding

• Expansion of coastal communities

• Decrease in ocean acidification

Multiple Choice

James, Abigail, and Aiden are studying the effects of different environmental factors on soil health. They noticed that a particular patch of soil in their neighborhood is becoming increasingly dry and hard. According to their study, what could be the main cause of this soil desiccation?

• Increased solar radiation

• Decreased evaporation

• Changing wind patterns

• Excessive rainfall

Multiple Choice

Michael, Ava, and Abigail are participating in a school debate on climate change. They are discussing the likely outcome if Earth continues to warm to 2 degrees Celsius by 2100. What is the consensus they reach?

• Serious risks to ecosystems

• Stabilization of global climate

• Decrease in extreme weather events

• Reversal of sea level rise

Multiple Choice

Grace, Aria, and Isla live in a coastal community. If climate change continues to progress, what is a potential consequence they might face?

• Displacement of their coastal community

• Increase in barrier islands near their home

• Expansion of local fishing industries

• Decrease in coastal erosion in their area

Multiple Choice

Henry, Anika, and Aiden were working on a science project about the decomposition of organic matter. They noticed that when they sealed a jar of compost tightly, the organic matter still broke down. What is the term used to describe this breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen?

• Anaerobic respiration

• Aerobic respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Fermentation

Multiple Choice

Nora, Hannah, and Grace are studying the impact of various factors on barrier islands. What is the main cause of the loss of barrier islands they should focus on?

• Rising sea levels

• Decreased wind patterns

• Increased precipitation

• Human activities

Multiple Choice

Daniel, Ethan, and Scarlett are discussing the main cause of drought in certain regions. What do they conclude as the main cause?

• Increased evaporation

• Decreased solar radiation

• Changing atmospheric pressure

• Excessive rainfall

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is contributing to an increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere?

• deforestation

• burning fossil fuels

• burning down trees

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps....

• will result in cooler temperatures in the Arctic
• will result in sea-levels rising
• Will have no effect on ecosystems
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of heat being radiated to space is called

• evaporation
• condensation
• the greenhouse effect
• radiation

Multiple Choice

Warming seas will...

• Increase the number of storms

• Decrease the number of storms

• The number if storms will stay the same

Multiple Choice

What is the main cause of coral bleaching?

• Higher ocean temperatures

• Not enough carbon dioxide is dissolved in ocean water

• Whales chewing on coral reefs

• Too much sunlight

Multiple Choice

One possible positive consequence of an increase in CO₂ in the atmosphere?

• Plants may grow faster and produce more sugars

• Pests like pine beetles will die

• Forest fires will be extinguished by the lack of oxygen

• Corals will grow faster

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide and seawater combine to form

• calcium carbonate
• carbon monoxide
• carbonic acid 

Multiple Choice

The H+ ion is a(n)

• acid
• base
• neutral

Multiple Choice

Marine organisms make their shells from calcium and

• chloride
• carbonate
• seawater

Multiple Choice

An example of a marine organism that needs calcium carbonate 

• a crab
• a shark
• an octopus

Multiple Choice

The process of burning fuel to drive a car or operate a factory is called 

• photosynthesis
• combustion
• respiration

Multiple Choice

What do some marine creatures do with the carbonate ion?

• use it as a food source

• use it as a defense mechanism

• use it to build shells and exoskeletons

• use it to cool body temperatures

Multiple Choice

CO2 + H20 -->

• H2CO3

• CO3

• CO2

• H3O+

Multiple Choice

How is ocean water becoming more acidic?

• Marine calcifiers are dying, making more acid

• The ocean is mixing with CO₂ in the air to produce acid

• The ocean is getting too hot, which makes it acidic

• Humans are dumping large amount of acid in the ocean

Multiple Choice

What is an invasive species?

• An organism that is new to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

• An organism that is native to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

• An organism that is new to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

• An organism that is native to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

Multiple Choice

Introduced species can become pests because they;

• Produce only a few young after a long period of gestation.

• Inhabit only niches that have recently become available after the local extinction of another species.

• Can live in many niches, easily adapting to many variables and eating a wide variety of food.

• Have a low genetic variability, enabling them to live in a wide variety of habitats.

• Increase biodiversity because they attract more species to the areas in which they settle.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are ways that an invasive species may enter an aquatic ecosystem?

I. Releasing the ballast water of ships.

II. Dumping household aquariums into lakes.

III. Escaping a coastal aquaculture farm.

• I only.

• II only.

• III only.

• I and II only.

• I,II, and III.

Multiple Choice

Areas that have been set aside for the protection of threatened or endangered species and their habitats are known as;

• National parks.

• National zoos

• National wildlife refuges.

• National recreation areas.

• National forest reserves.

Multiple Choice

The depleation of the world's marine fish stocks due to overfishing is an example of;

• The sustainable use of resources.

• The competitive exclusion principle.

• The failure of international treaties.

• The eminent domain principle.

• The tragedy of the commons.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following leads to a decrease in biodiversity?

• introduction of invasive species

• prevention of erosion

• ecological land use planning

• pollution control

Multiple Choice

Responsible for the determination of endangered species status and monitoring the level of endangerment.

• US. Fish and Wild Life Services

• Park Rangers

• DEA

• Coast Guard

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not linked to Endangered species?

• K-Strategist

• Specialized niche

• rare

• commercially valuable

• R-Strategist

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