Quarter 4 Assessment Practice

Multiple Choice

I found a fossil of a fish in what is now a cow pasture. How is that possible?

• Somebody put the fossil there.
• The wind moved the fossil there over time.
• The cow pasture used to be underwater.
• It would not be possible to find a fossil of a fish in a cow pasture.

Multiple Choice

If a tree fossil is found in the middle of a desert, what can you infer about the past environment of the area?

• It used to be a forest
• It was always a desert
• It used to be at the bottom of the ocean
• It used to be covered in ice and snow

Multiple Choice

What can we learn when we compare fossils to other animals that live today?

• we can learn more about the environment it lived in
• we can learn more about the current environment
• we can learn about the animal's family

Embryology, the study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form.

Provides evidence of a common ancestor due to the relatedness between now widely divergent groups of organisms.

The longer they are similar in development the more related.

​

Embryology

Multiple Choice

​ Which organism is most closely related to rabbit judging by embryology?​ ​ ​

• Salamander
• Tortoise
• Cow
• Chicken

Multiple Choice

Structures that are inherited from a recent common ancestor and are similar in structure are homologous structures.

• True

• False

Kingdoms

By Aguado Angelica

Multiple Choice

The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.

• Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species

• Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

• Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus

Multiple Select

8B: The classification of four trees are shown in the table. Which two trees are the most closely related? Select two answers.

• Taiwan beech

• Taiwan catkin yew

• Japanese maple

• Lodgepole pine

​using cilia

Multiple Choice

What does amoeba use for locomotion?

• cilia

• flagellum

• pseudopods

• feet

Multiple Choice

What is the whip-like tail in a euglena?

• cillia

• flagella

• pseudopod

Multiple Select

A paramecium uses its cilia for

• sleeping

• cleaning

• getting food

• moving

Multiple Choice

What do we call animals that have backbones?

• vertebrates
• endoskeletals

• bony

Multiple Choice

Which animal is invertebrate?

• A snake

• A chicken

• A penguin

• A grasshopper

Multiple Choice

What is the major difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

• Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates do not.

• Invertebrates live in water and vertebrates do not.

• Invertebrates have a backbone and vertebrates do not.

• Invertebrates are smaller than vertebrates.

​

Phylogenetic Trees

• Phylogenetic tree: a diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.

• Branch points show a new species diverging from the common ancestor.

Multiple Choice

According to the tree, which primates share the most recent common ancestor with humans?

• gorillas

• chimpanzees

• bonobos and chimpanzees

• bonobos and gorillas

Multiple Choice

According to the cladogram, which organisms have roundworms as a common ancestor?

• mollusks and flatworms

• sponges and chordates

• flatworms, sponges, and cnidarians

• mollusks, echinoderms, chordates, and annelids

Multiple Choice

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

• Fish

• Frog

• Salamander

• Human

Multiple Choice

Which two groups of organisms have the MOST genetic DIFFERENCES?

• rotifers and nematodes

• mollusks and annelids

• mollusks and arthropods

• echinoderms and chordates

Multiple Choice

Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird?

• Rodents

• Raufinned fish

• Sharks

• Amphibians

Multiple Choice

Which location on the phylogenic tree identifies characteristics shared by species B,C,D,E,F

• Location 1

• Location 2

• Location 3

• Location 4

Multiple Choice

What type of symmetry does the organism have?

• Asymmetrical

• Radial

• Bilateral

Homologous Structures

Organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms, that due to their similarity, suggest a connection to a common ancestor. This is important because scientists can use this as evidence of evolution.

Multiple Choice

Structures with the same parts but have different functions, suggesting that organisms with a backbone share common ancestry is called…

• Not related

• Not homologous

• Homologous

• Young in origin

Multiple Choice

Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

What is the most important aspect of homologous structures?

• sharing ancestors

• similar structure

• position of bones

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Structures that have the same function but evolved independently DO NOT SHOW EVIDENCE OF A COMMON ANCESTOR. They are called

• homologous

• analogous

• vestigial

• embryological

Multiple Choice

Which of the following structures are the images an example of?

• Homologous

• Vesitigial

• Analogous

Multiple Choice

Analogous structures show recent common ancestry.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

An anatomical feature that no longer has a purpose in an organism

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial structure

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Whales all have a reduced pelvic girdle (pelvis) where limbs previously attached but are no longer needed. What type of structure is this?

• homologous

• analogous

• vestigial

Fossils

By looking at the rock layers you can determine the time an animal lived.

OLDEST LAYER is at the BOTTOM
And the YOUNGEST at the TOP
unless there has been a
disturbance or the rocks have
been interrupted

LAW of Superposition

Layers of rock and sediment build up
overtime. Because of this the strata
creates a physical timeline.

Comparing the age of rocks and fossils to
other rocks and fossils bases upon its
position is called relative dating.

Relative Dating -
Rock Layers

Multiple Choice

Which type of fossil is oldest formed in the sedimentary rock?

• Mammals

• Trilobites

• Fishes

• Dinosaurs

• Amphibians

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true...

• A is the oldest rock layer

• A is younger that B, but older that D

• D is older that all of the other layers

• All layers are the same age

Radioactive dating determines the exact ages of rocks and fossils by looking at tiny particles called ISOTOPES.

Some ISOTOPES decay over time and by measuring the amount of decayed ISOTOPES in a sample we can measure how long it has been around for.

Radioactive Dating

Half-lives

When 1/2 of the ISOTOPES have decayed, this is known as a half life.

​All, radioactive, elements have a specific decay rate unique to that element.

Multiple Choice

Carbon 14 has a half life of 5,730 years. If there is 50% of it left, how old is the sample?

• 5,730

• 11,460

• 2,685

• 17,190

Multiple Choice

A disease wipes out most of the rabbit population in a forest. What type of limiting factor would this be?

• density-independent

• density dependent

Multiple Choice

A student is analyzing data to find the carrying capacity of a deer population.

When did the deer population first reach its carrying capacity?

• 3 months

• 4.5 months

• 5 months

• 6.5 months

Multiple Choice

When there is a drought and there is limited water, the water would

• cause exponential growth

• be a limiting factor

Multiple Choice

Copepods are tiny aquatic organisms used as a food source for fish in the wild or in aquariums.

If copepods are placed in a new aquarium that lacks copepod predators, which graph represents the population change after the addition of copepod predators?

Energy Transformation

The higher up you go, the less energy is available.

Trophic levels

Count from the bottom up

Multiple Choice

How much energy is passed along every trophic level increase?

• 50%

• 25%

• 100%

• 10%

Multiple Choice

A gopher has gained 200 Kcal from eating grass all day. A snake comes along and eats that gopher, gaining a portion of those Kcal. A hawk swoops down and eats the snake; how many trophic levels have we moved up?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

As you go up a food chain, food web or energy pyramid, energy

• increases

• decreases

Producers and Consumers

Plants are producers (autotrophs)

Animals are consumers (heterotrophs)

Consumers

• Herbivores - eat just plants

• Omnivores - eat plants and animals

• Carnivores - eat just animals

Multiple Choice

An illustration and a dichotomous key are given. What is the correct classification for this organism?

• Class Insecta
• Order Amblygygi
• Order Araneae
• Order Scorpiones

Multiple Choice

When using a dichotomous key to identify organisms, what do we look at?

• physical features
• weather patterns
• environment
• diet

Multiple Choice

Mice eat seeds, nuts and berries they belong in which TROPHIC level on an energy pyramid?

• Level 1: Producers

• Level 2: Primary consumers

• Level 3: Secondary consumers

• Level 4: Tertiary consumers

Multiple Choice

Squirrels eat nuts, seeds and berries. They are

• herbivores

• omnivores

• carnivores

Food Webs and Energy Pyramid Review

Multiple Choice

The source of energy for all ecosystems is

• producers

• the sun

• water

• consumers

Multiple Select

Mark all the organisms that are considered producers

Multiple Choice

Mushrooms often grow around dead plants such as decomposing trees. They break down these dead organisms and put energy that stores in the plant back into the ground for other plants to use. What type of consumer are mushrooms?

• carnivore

• omnivore

• herbivore

• decomposer

Ecological succession is the orderly process of change in the species composition or makeup in an ecological community over time.

Primary Succession

Starts with bare rock

Primary succession describes the process of
colonization by plants of previously uninhabited
land.

Primary Succession

Primary
succession
occurs when
a new island
is formed, a
new lake is
formed or a
volcano
erupts

Mount St. Helems erupted in
1980 exposing bare rock.

Primary Succession

Primary succession is a very slow process,
because there is no soil.

Soil is formed from weathering ( breakdown
of the rock) and the mixing of organic
material from living organisms.

Multiple Choice

​ Starting with bare rock is a characteristic of _______​ succession

• primary
• secondary
• tertiary

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of Primary Succession? Select all that apply.

• A new mountain being formed from tectonic uplift

• A new volcanic island formed over a Pacific Ocean hotspot

• A volcano erupts exposing bare rock in the top of the volcano.

• A forest recovering from a wildfire

Primary Succession

• The first organisms to

inhabit this new land are
called pioneer species.

• These species work to

create a more hospitable
environment for other
species.

• Pioneer species in

primary succession are
are lichens, mosses and
small annuals.

Multiple Choice

The type of plants in an ecosystem affects the__

• type of animals that can live there

• amount of rainfall

• local weather

• rock substrate

• amount of sunlight available

Multiple Select

Th first plants to grow after a volcano will be the ones that create the new soil. They are called "pioneer species" and include examples like:

• lichen

• pine trees

• moss

• willow trees

Secondary Succession

• This occurs when an existing ecosystem is

disturbed.

• Ex. land after a fire, flood or clearing

for agricultural lands.

• During this stage, the original ecosystem

is replaced by new species.

Secondary Succession

Secondary Succession

• Pioneer species include small annuals ( grasses and other small plants).

• Pioneer species are replaced by taller, bush /shrub sized plants

• Replaced by bush sized woody
  shrubs

• Replaced by small trees, then larger trees until a climax community is established.

Multiple Select

In which of the following scenarios would secondary succession occur? Select all that apply.

• A forest after a forest fire

• A newly formed volcanic island

• A farmer clears and plows a field

• A desert covered with cacti

Multiple Choice

The presence of __ differentiates primary and secondary succession. lower case

• soil
• animals

• water

• p

Climax Community

This is the
end result of
the
succession
process is a
stable, mature
ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Secondary succession happens much faster than primary succession because ______ is already present

• soil
• water

• plant life

• animal life

Multiple Choice

The top row of pictures represents ___

• primary succession

• secondary succession

• pioneer plants

• climax community

Let´s study kingdoms

General characteristics

ARCHAEBACTERIA

• Oldest kingdom

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Survive in extreme environments: salty, acidic, hot.

• Include aerobic (require oxygen) and anaerobic (do not require oxygen) species.

• Halophyles are examples of this type of species.

BACTERIA

• Unicellular organisms .

• Makes up most of the bacteria in the world .

• Produce many antibiotics .

• Used to make yogurt (good bacteria).

• Example: sterptobacilli and bacillus cereus.

Multiple Choice

Which layer is older?

• Layer 2 (yellow)

• Layer 6 (blue)

FUNGI

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophs

• Eukaryotic

• Decomposers

• Do not perform photosynthesis-no chlorophyll

PROTISTA

• Unicellular or multicellular

• Live in water and soil

• Can perform autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

• Divided into algae and protozoan (Euglena, paranmecio, amoeba).

• Eukaryotic

Animalia

• Eukaryotic

• Largest kingdom

• Heterotrophic nutrition

• Multicellular

Plantae

• Eukaryotic

• Make their own food through photosynthesis

• Second largest kingdom

• Multicellular

• Divided into vascular and non-vascular

Multiple Choice

Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:

• dichotmous key

• binomial nomenclature

• 2 scientific names

• binomial key

Multiple Choice

Which kingdom do humans belong to?

• Plantae

• Fungi

• Animalia

• Protista

Multiple Choice

One of the following is NOT a kingdom.

• Virus

• Animals

• Plants

• Archaea

Multiple Choice

What are the 6 kingdoms?

• phylum, class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

• Humans, Plants, Protists, Archaea, Fungi, Bacteria

• Trees, Animals, Protists, Archaea, Fungi, Bacteria

• Plants, Animals, Protists, Archaea, Fungi, Bacteria

Multiple Choice

I have cell walls
I am an autotroph
I am multicellular
What am I?

• Plant
• Animal
• Eubacteria
• Unicorn

Multiple Choice

I have no cell walls
I am eukaryotic
I reproduce sexually
I am multicellular
What kingdom do I belong to?

• Plantae
• Animalia
• Protista
• Fungi

Multiple Choice

I am unicellular
I am prokaryotic
I am found in extreme ecosystems
What kingdom do I belong to?

• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalia
• Kingdom Archaebacteria