Big Idea 15: Diversity & Evolution of Living Organisms (CS1)

Big Idea 15: Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms

Domains and Kingdoms (CS1)

Big Idea 15: Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms

• The scientific theory of evolution is the organizing principle of life.

• The scientific theory of evolution is supported by multiple forms of evidence.

• Natural selection is a primary mechanism leading to change over time in organisms.

Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared characteristics. (SC.6.L.15.1 - DoK 3)

• All living things are made of cells, they grow, develop, and change, respond to stimuli, consume energy, and reproduce.

• Organisms are classified according to similarities, not differences between them.

• The classification hierarchy places organism in broad to specific categories starting with Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and finally, Species. There are fewer and fewer individuals as you move to more specific categories.

• Remember: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti!

• Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist that is know as the "father of taxonomy" (which is the study of classification), due to his formalization of binomial nomenclature, or scientific names.

• Binomial nomenclature means "a name with two terms". It consists of the genus and species of the organism. It can be abbreviated with the first letter genus capitalized followed by a period and then the species name.

Domains

• Domain is the broadest category of the taxonomic hierarchy.

• Organisms are classified into domains according to their cellular structure.

• The three domains are Eukarya, Prokarya, and Archaea.

• Eukarya consists of eukaryotic organisms, whose cells have a nucleus that contains their DNA.

• Prokarya consists of prokaryotic organisms that are unicellular and do not have a nucleus within that cell, instead their DNA is free floating in the cell's cytoplasm.

• Archaea consist of prokaryotic organisms, but they are able to live in harsh environments, like thermal vents and really salty water, which organisms in the domain Prokarya cannot.

Kingdoms

• After being sorted into domains, organisms are further classified into kingdoms.

• All of the organisms in the domain Prokarya are classified into the kingdom Eubacteria. All of the organisms in the domain Archaea are classified into the kingdom Archaebacteria.

• The organisms in the domain Eukarya are sorted into the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, or Protisa based on how they obtain the energy needed for survival.

• Animals are heterotrophs, or consumers, because they must consume other organisms for food (energy).

• Plants are autotrophs, or producers, because they produce their own food in the form of glucose from sunlight.

• Fungi are heterotrophs, but rather than consumers, they are decomposers because they absorb energy from dead or decaying matter.

• Protists can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungi-like depending on how they obtain energy.

Multiple Choice

Mushrooms, bread molds, and yeasts are classified together in the fungi kingdom. Specific characteristics are used to classify these organisms. Which of the following is a characteristic used to classify these organisms as fungi?

• They are parasites.

• They are unicellular.

• They are prokaryotes.

• They are heterotrophs.

Multiple Choice

The grouping, Genus is just before the most specific category.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Hermit crab is a scientific name.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Which taxon is broader (more organisms included)?

• Phylum
• Family
• Order
• Class

Multiple Choice

List the names of classification in order (Letters are given)

• K P C F O G S
• K F O C G S
• K P C O F G S
• S G F O C P K

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scientific names is written correctly? Assume all are in italics!

• Homo Sapien
• Homo sapien
• homo sapien
• Homosapien

Multiple Choice

Binomial Nomenclature uses the __ and ___ name to identify an organism

• Latin & English
• Class & order
• Kingdom & species
• Genus & species

Multiple Choice

Who developed the method of classification in the 18th century?

• Aristotle
• Plato
• Linnaeus
• Darwin

Multiple Choice

Binomial nomenclature is the ____________ system for naming organisms.

• Numerical
• Symbolical
• two word
• alphabetical

Multiple Choice

The science of classifying is called

• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Sortology
• Phylogeny

Multiple Choice

Scientists place organisms into one of six groups. What are these groups called?

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

Multiple Choice

Members of this kingdom are multicellular and autotrophic

• Plantae

• Animalia

• Protista

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

Examples of species in this kingdom are amoebas and paramecia.

• Fungi

• Protista

• Plantae

• Animalia

Multiple Choice

Members of this kingdom are multicellular and heterotrophic

• Plantae

• Protista

• Animalia

• Achaebacteria

Multiple Choice

Molds, yeast, and mushroom belong to kingdom:

• Eubacteria

• Archaebacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

Algae, seaweeds, and protozoans belong to kingdom:

• Protista

• Animalia

• Plantae

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

Which 2 organisms have the fewest characteristics in common?

• 2 organisms in the same kingdom

• 2 organisms in the same genus

• 2 organisms in the same species

• 2 organisms in the same family

Multiple Choice

Cells that have a true nucleus are called....

• eukaryotes

• prokaryotes

• unicellular

• multicellular

Multiple Choice

Cells that do not have a true nucleus are called....

• eukaryote

• prokaryote

• unicellular

• multicellular

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms are LEAST closely related?

• organisms that share a domain

• organisms that share a family

• organisms that share a genus

• organisms that share a species

Multiple Choice

An organism that CANNOT make its own food and must consume other living things:

• heterotroph

• multicellular

• unicellular

• autotroph

Multiple Choice

An organism that CAN make its own food is called:

• heterotroph

• unicellular

• autotroph

• multicellular

Multiple Choice

Any living things is called:

• organism

• animal

• cell

• plant

Multiple Choice

The smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms is:

• atom

• cell

• nucleus

• brain

Multiple Choice

In Binomial Nomenclature the Genus and Species are in italics and only the GENUS is capitalized

• False

• True

Multiple Choice

How many species does Felis domesticus contain?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is shown in the image?

• Organisms grow and develop

• Organisms react to stimuli

• Organisms can adapt

• Organisms use and obtain energy

• Organisms are made up of cells

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is shown in the image?

• Organisms reproduce

• Organisms react to stimuli

• Organisms can adapt

• Organisms use and obtain energy

• Organisms are made up of cells

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is shown in the image?

• Organisms reproduce

• Organisms react to stimuli

• Organisms can adapt

• Organisms use and obtain energy

• Organisms are made up of cells

Multiple Choice

The main language of scientific names is:

• Greek

• English

• Latin

• Arabic

Multiple Choice

Which group is made up of organisms that are all from the same kingdom?

• cat, frog, palm tree

• mold, fungi, pear tree

• maple tree, grass, fish

• rose bush, tulip, apple tree

Multiple Choice

Naming system developed by Linnaeus

• Classification

• Binominal Nomenclature

• Genus

• Taxonomy

Multiple Choice

Which 2 organisms would be able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring?

• 2 organisms in the same class

• 2 organisms in the same family

• 2 organisms in the same genus

• 2 organisms in the same species

Multiple Choice

Which organisms pictured on the cladogram have hair?

• prosimians only

• prosimians and humans

• humans only

• prosimians and birds

Multiple Choice

An example of an unicellular organism would be:

• monkey

• bacteria

• spider

• human

Multiple Choice

An organism made up of more than one cell would be called:

• multicellular

• unicellular

• heterotroph

• autotroph

Multiple Choice

Which organisms are most closely related?

• Equus caballas (Horse) & Equus burchellii (Zebra)
• Cyanea artica (Jellyfish) &
  Ctenodiscus crispatus (Mud Starfish)
• Naja naja (cobra) & Glycine max (soya bean)
• Ophiocomina nigra (black brittle star) & Brassica nigra (black mustard)

Multiple Choice

Organisms in this smallest taxonomic group share many characteristics.

• domain

• kingdom

• species

• class

Multiple Choice

Mosquito belongs to what kingdom?

• Animal Kingdom

• Plant Kingdom

• Fungi Kingdom

• Protista Kingdom

Multiple Choice

Dandelion, What kingdom does it belongs to?

• Plant Kingdom

• Animal Kingdom

• Fungi Kingdom

• Protista Kingdom