Review of Design Process, Design Thinking and Factors

Review of Design Process, Design Thinking and Factors

Obj 1 for Interior Design I

Poll

Do you understand this information better?

• Yes

• No

Design Process

What is it about?

Design Process Defined Pt 1

The goal of the Design Process is to facilitate a systematic approach for creating design solutions. Through a progression of activities, the client’s needs/ wants are determined and a statement guiding the solution process is produced. It is from this understanding (the client problem always in mind) that the designer is able to begin crafting appropriate, feedback-informed solutions.

Design Process Defined Pt2

Refinements (iterations) based on feedback are designed until ultimately a final plan is devised. Appropriate construction documents are created by the designer and approved by the client prior to construction. Upon approval, construction begins. The designer monitors progress of the project for quality, budget and schedule considerations. Final punch lists are created to ensure the final product is satisfactory and meets the client’s ultimate expectations. The client is then able to inhabit the space.

Pre-Design

Though this is not an actual part of the Design Process, it is very important because this activity helps determine if there is “good chemistry” between the designer and future client. The two parties meet to get acquainted and discuss the scope of the project. An understanding of the client’s desires for the space and a general sense of their style preferences should be addressed as well as methods of compensation and pricing. This activity is very much like the two parties “interviewing” each other. Many clients may call this a design interview. Clients may have meetings with several designers before selecting the individual or firm they wish to contract with to design their space.

Programming

• Isolate client needs.

• Create the client program (an organizational outline of the client project).

• Conduct a feasibility study (is the cost worth the outcomes and will it meet the client need?)

• By the end of this process, the designer should understand all the needs of the project in detail.

• Gather key facts about the space and how the client will interact with it, take site measurements and inventory any existing items (*FF&E) the client will use.  * Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.

Programming

• Analyze the use of the space and its assets to prepare a summary/presentation to the client.

Multiple Choice

In which design phase do designers get clear vision of the client's design problem, current situation and future needs?

• Contract Administration

• Design Development

• Move in and Post- occupancy

• Programming

Schematic Design

• Develop the client concept and the overarching design ideas for the project. At this point, many “ideas” will be in the head of the designer.

• Create quick, preliminary sketches to demonstrate some of the key ideas to get feedback. This process may go on for a period of time as iterations and deeper insights are developed based on client and peer feedback.

• Engage in space-planning activities to explore the use of space and placement of furnishings.

• Develop budget projections and establish schedules and timelines for production.

Multiple Choice

At which step in the design process is the designer MOST creative in brainstorming ideas and drawing layouts?

• Design Development

• Pre-Design

• Programming

• Schematic Design

Design Development

• Refine ideas and decisions made in the Schematic phase.

• Focus on critical analysis of solutions and problem solving to ensure they are sufficient to meet the client’s needs.

• Begin to narrow down the ideas to offer well thought out solutions.

• Present final detailed solutions for client review and approval.

Multiple Choice

At which step in the design process does the designer meet the client to go over the design, refine the budget, and receive client approval for plans?

• Design Development

• Pre-Design

• Programming

• Design

Contract Documents:

The designer will prepare formal, standards driven documents for construction.   These would include plans, quotes, contracts for trades and schedules for production.

Multiple Choice

At which step in the design process does the designer start the bidding

process with contractors and prepare formal working drawings?

• Contract Documents

• Contract Administration

• Design Development

• Move-in and post-occupancy evaluation

Contract Administration:

In this phase, the project work is undertaken and the designer monitors for quality, scheduling and budgets. As phases of construction draw to a close, the designer creates punch lists to ensure all workmanship is up to an agreed upon standard.

Multiple Choice

At which step in the design process is the design plan implemented and

construction begins?

• Design Development

• Contract Administration

• Move In and Post Occupancy

• Contract Documents

Design Process vs Design Thinking

Initially, The Design Process and Design Thinking mirror each other as both gather information early on, both gather feedback from the client as the solutions begin to materialize and both support numerous iterations of design concepts. The difference lies with the fact that Design Thinking does not involve production of the final conceptualized product. It takes the client to that point. In the Design Process, design and production are all included in the process and governed by the designer. 

Design Thinking

Multiple Choice

Testing prototypes gives designers ideas on changes and improvements to make. These changes are called:

• artifacts.

• feasibility.

• iterations.

• scope.

Empathize

•  the centerpiece of a human-centered design process.

• an activity that allows you to uncover the problem that needs to be addressed by watching, listening and discovering insights that give YOU the direction to create innovative solutions.

Multiple Choice

Which step in Design Thinking involves understanding the client's wants

and needs?

• define

• empathize

• ideate

• prototype

Define

• narrowing down the focused problem to create a meaningful and actionable problem statement (also known as point of view).

• all about bringing clarity and focus into the design discussion.

Multiple Choice

Hannah created a focused problem statement for a new furniture design.

Which Design Thinking step is this?

• define

• empathize

• ideate

• prototype

Ideate

• brainstorming, mind-mapping and sketching to interact with your ideas.

• the process of coming up with a number of broad ideas.

Prototype

• facilitated by producing multiple artifacts that can be used as visuals to get feedback and  further  narrow down solutions.

• intended to answer questions that you closer to a final solution based on user feedback.

Multiple Choice

The architect created a scale model of the shopping mall he designed for a commercial client. This Design Thinking step is:

• empathizing.

• ideating.

• prototyping.

• testing.

Test

• is when you solicit feedback about the Prototypes you created. Continue to ask “why” and focus on what you can learn about the person and the problem as well as your potential solutions.

• allows you to bring multiple prototypes to the user for comparisons that may reveal additional  and better solutions.

Poll

Do you have a better understanding?

• Yes

• No

Factors that Impact Interior Design

Factors that Impact

• Human-Centered Factors

• Social Factors

• Global Impact Factors

• Environmental Factors

Human-Centered Factors

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

• Physiological (physical)

• Safety and Security 

• Love and belonging 

• Esteem

• Self-Actualization

Multiple Choice

After a storm severely damaged their home, the Rileys moved into a

shelter until their home was safe to live in again. This represents:

• anthropometrics.

• ergonomics.

• Maslow's Hierarchy.

• proxemics.

Anthropometrics:

The study of measurements of the human body compared to surrounding space. Information can be helpful in space planning, furniture arrangement, and universal design. Example:  The space needed for a wheel chair to turn in a bathroom. 

Multiple Choice

Which factor is used when developing furniture styles to fit human body proportions?

• anthropometrics

• ergonomics

• Maslow's hierarchy

• proxemics

Proxemics: 

The study of human comfort in relationship to people and their interpersonal space.   The number of people, the task at hand, and the feelings of the people involved determines the size of the “space bubble” required. 

Example:  In a hotel lobby (strangers) you 

require more personal space than you do 

you your hotel room (family or friends).

Multiple Choice

Which human factor includes spatial considerations for areas with groups

of people and how they communicate and relate to each other?

• proxemics

• ergonomics

• anthropometrics

• Maslow's hierarchy

Ergonomics: 

The study of human engineering.  Human measurements and body positions are used to create an efficient working space to decrease fatigue and discomfort and to increase work output.   

Multiple Choice

Denisha's office chair is designed to help her work more efficiently and

reduce fatigue. Which human factor is being considered?

• anthropometrics

• ergonomics

• Maslow's Hierarchy

• proxemics

Universal Design: 

Term coined by North Carolina State University trained architect, Ron Mace, who advocated for people with disabilities. It is design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible without adaptation or specialized design.

Social Factors

Culture and Government

Culture

• Traditions of the individuals using the space.

• Religious considerations for the individual using the spaces.

Multiple Choice

Feng shui is a Chinese art and philosophy influenced by:

• Culture.

• Income.

• Social Status.

• Trends and Styles.

Government

• Laws that apply to building and design.

• Building codes for the safety of the people using and living in the spaces.

Multiple Choice

A bedroom must have a window as a way of egress, a closet, and a

smoke detector. Which social factor is responsible for these mandates?

• Culture

• Government

• Religion

• Traditions

Global Impact Factors:

Sourcing--- Channels of distribution ---Innovations

Environmental Factors:

• Designers must be respectful of the environment and the products used.

• LEED-Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Sustainability

• Ethics with design and environment Aspects of Green Design

Multiple Choice

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards guide

interior designers and contractors through education and certification in which environmental factor?

• sourcing

• sustainability

• distribution

• innovation