Marine Science Ch 11

Marine Science Ch 11

Marine Turtles Mammals and Sea Birds

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a marine reptile?

• alligators
• sea turtles
• sea snakes
• crocodiles

Multiple Choice

Marine reptiles are found primarily in:

• cold regions

• temperate regions

• tundra

• tropical habitats

Multiple Choice

Sea turtles are

• Amphibians

• Reptiles

• Mammals

• Fish

Multiple Choice

How many species of sea turtles are there?

• 7

• 15

• 2

• 34

Multiple Choice

What are problems facing sea turtles?

• Disappearing beaches

• Shrimp nets

• Pollution

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the largest known sea turtle?

• Green Sea Turtle

• Loggerhead Sea Turtle

• Leatherback Sea Turtle

• Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Multiple Choice

Another name for a sea turtle's shell is a __________________.

• chelonidae

• plastron

• carapace

• hawksbill

Multiple Choice

The lower part of the shell of a sea turtle is called

• carapace

• plastron

• beak

• fluke

Multiple Choice

Which sea turtle is strictly an herbivore as an adult?

• Loggerhead

• Leatherback

• Olive Ridley

• Green

Multiple Choice

Their heads can tuck into their bodies

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What’s the longest known living turtle record?

• 587 years

• 402 years

• 200 years

• 87 years

Multiple Choice

My name is deceiving, because this is not the color of my shell, but of the fat I store. Who am I?

• Olive Ridley sea turtle

• Flatback sea turtle

• Hawksbill sea turtle

• Green sea turtle

Multiple Choice

What kind of egg development do sea turtles have?

• oviparous

• viviparous

• ovoviviparous

• asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

What determines the gender of sea turtles when still in eggs?

• Egg's temperature

• egg's shape

• Egg's color

• Egg's background

Multiple Choice

out of 1,000 eggs, how many make it to adulthood

• 1

• 20

• 50

• 100

Multiple Choice

What is the lifespan of most sea turtles?

• 50-90 years

• 10-20 years

• 30-50 years

• over 100 years

Multiple Choice

What’s the longest known living turtle record?

• 587 years

• 402 years

• 200 years

• 87 years

Multiple Choice

The ____________________ has venom, a paddlelike tail, and salt glands.

• marine crocodile

• marine iguana

• marine snakes

• sea turtles

Sea Snakes

Multiple Choice

Animals that are _________________ . retain the eggs within their body until they hatch, they then give birth to live young.

• Oviparous

• Crepuscular

• Ovoviviparous

• Fossorial

Multiple Choice

What is the largest marine reptile?

• sea turtle

• sea snake

• marine iguana

• salt water crocodile

Multiple Choice

Which has a more V-shaped snout?

• alligator

• crocodile

Multiple Choice

Which is less aggressive?

• crocodile

• alligator

Multiple Choice

Marine iguanas:

• live on rocky coastlines

• feed on seaweed

• are found only on Galapagos Islands

• all of the above are correct

Marine Iguana

Multiple Choice

How do marine iguanas get rid of excess salt?

• urine

• sweat

• sneezing

• crying

Multiple Choice

Sea birds spread ......................... on their feathers to make them waterproof.

• oil

• water

• seaweed

• salt

Multiple Choice

Marine birds can regulate their body temperature, therefore they are ........................

• exothermic

• endothermic

• mammals

• cold blooded

Multiple Choice

All marine birds fly

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

Marine birds are

• oviparous

• ovoviviparous

• viviparous

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not true about penguins?

• cannot fly

• clumsy on land

• live in North and South Poles

• have streamlined bodies that use countershading

Multiple Choice

How many seabirds are killed every year because of plastic?

• 1,000,000

• 100

• 537,000

• 628,200

Multiple Choice

What percent of sea birds will have eaten plastic at some point in their lives?

• 50%

• 78%

• 86%

• 99%

A Tern is depicted with a straight and narrow beak. A skimmer has a lower beak that is longer than the upper.

Pelicans and boobies plunge from the air into the water, jaegers pursue other seabirds and force them to regurgitate food, and frigate birds take fish from the surface and steal fish from other seabirds. Gulls rarely plunge from the air, and storm petrels flutter over the waves. Divers like cormorants pursue prey under water, swimming with their wings or feet.

Multiple Choice

Osmoregulation is used in mammals for what purpose?

• reproduction

• expelling excess salts

• toxins

• lung activity

Multiple Choice

Marine mammals do NOT have hair.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Seals and Sea Lions are examples of what type of mammals ___?

• Cetacean

• Felines

• Pinnipeds

• Sirenians

Multiple Choice

What animal is this?

• seal

• sea lion

• walrus

• beluga

• narwhal

structural differences: external ears, longer necks and external testicles on sea lions. The posterior flippers can move forward on a sea lion. On a seal, they can't. Anterior flippers on a sea lion rotate backward.  Anterior flippers on a seal can't rotate backward and they are covered with hair, five toes, and sharp nails.

Multiple Choice

the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus, but it is maintained in a state or dormancy.

• optional implantation

• secondary implantation

• delayed implantation

• seasonal fertilization

walrus

Multiple Choice

all marine mammals have blubber

• yes

• no

Multiple Select

Sea Otters lack a thick layer of blubber like other marine mammals, but make up for it by...

• eating constantly

• having low metabolisms

• going on land to bask

• having oils on their skin for waterproofing

• trapping air in their fur

Multiple Choice

Which otter species rarely leaves water, even gives birth in water?

• sea otters only

• marine otters only

• both otter species

• neither species

sea otter

Multiple Choice

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a characteristic of the Polar Bear?

• large head

• rounded ears, small tail

• short stout neck

• white to yellow fur

Multiple Choice

Why do polar bears have black skin and hollow fur?

• absorb sun to trap heat

• they are used as a cooling tool

• camouflage

• aides in sensing danger

polar bear

Multiple Choice

Manatees & Dugongs belong to which order of mammals?

• Sirenian
• Carnivor
• Cnidarian
• Mustelid

Multiple Choice

Which is the dugong?

• Left

• Right

Multiple Choice

Group of marine mammals including whales and dolphins.

• Cetecea

• Sirenia

• Pinnipedia

• Odontoceti

Multiple Choice

What is baleen & how does it work?

• Baleen is an small animal that helps the gray whale survive

• False teeth.

• Overlapping plates made of keratin that hangs from his mouth in place of teeth. It's used to strain out water.

• Thin strips of bone used to keep large particles out of their mouths

Baleen whales have rows of flexible, fibrous plates known as baleen that hang from the upper jaws

Multiple Choice

What do humpback whale's eat?

• Large fish

• Seaweed

• Krill and small fish

• Dolphins

Multiple Choice

Baleen Whales eat ______________ of krill in one day!

• 5 feet

• 10 pounds

• 2 tons

• 6 inches

water is filtered as the mouth closes and the tongue pushes up, forcing the water out through the baleen.

Baleen whales include northern right, humpback, minke, bryde's, bowhead, fin, blue, gray, and sei.

Multiple Choice

The tail of a whale or dolphin is called?

• fin
• dorsal fins
• caudal fin
• flukes

Whales may be identified from their fluke shape, blow pattern, or view of back when starting a dive.

Multiple Choice

What is the main way to distinguish between porpoise and a dolphin?

• size of dorsal fin

• body markings

• where they live

• shape of teeth

Multiple Choice

What are the animals often referred to as "unicorns of the sea" (because of their single tusk)?

• narwhals

• walrus

• manatees

• beaked whales

Toothed whales include dolphins, porpoises, narwhals, and sperm whales.

Multiple Choice

The Narwhal has a horn like a unicorn, but it is not really a horn it is a __________

• nostril

• arm

• tooth

dolphins

Multiple Choice

Odontocete whales have

• teeth

• baleen

Diving Adaptations

• Rapid breathing prior to dive (apneustic breathing)

• Lungs remove 90% of O2 from air (as opposed to 20% for humans).

• Elastic tissue in lungs helps temporarily expand lungs during apneustic breathing.

• Marine mammals have more blood than non-diving mammals for their size (means more hemoglobin to carry oxygen).

Multiple Choice

What protein do marine mammals use to bind oxygen?

• hemoglobin
• myoglobin
• collagen
• insulin

Adaptations for Diving

• Muscles contain more myoglobin to hold oxygen in tissues.

• The heart rate slows dramatically during a dive (bradycardia).

• Blood flow is reduced to extremities and digestive system, blood is sent to vital organs like the brain and heart.

• Muscles employ anaerobic respiration as necessary (needs less O2 but results in lactic acid build-up).

• Marine mammals can tolerate more lactic acid than other mammals.

• Rib cage and lungs collapse during dive to force air into tissues and prevent decompression sickness (bends) and absorption of Nitrogen.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are adaptations for deep diving in cetaceans?

• having more red blood cells to store more oxygen

• having more hemoglobin to store more oxygen

• slowing down the heart rate

• lower tolerance to lactic acid

Multiple Choice

Which animal does not use echolocation?

• Dolphins

• Orcas

• Sperm Whales

• Toothed Whales

• Seals

Echolocation

• Sound waves are emitted as a series of clicks of varying frequencies.

• Melon directs the outgoing sound waves.

• After the echo strikes an object, it is reflected back.

• These reflected echoes are received back by the melon and lower jaw.

• The longer it takes a echo to return, the farther away the object is located.

• Characteristic of toothed whales.

Two muscular nasal plugs act as valves, closing and opening the passages. Clicks are focused into a beam by the melon. The lower jaw receives the echoes and transmit them to the ears.

Multiple Choice

The Odontocete structure that amplifies sound during echolocation and sends the sound out into the environment is called the:

• blowhole

• melon

• air sac muscles

• monkey lips

Multiple Choice

How many times faster does sound travel through water than through air?

• 5

• 10

• 2

• 15

Multiple Choice

What is this behavior?

• spyhopping
• lunge feeding
• breaching
• diving

Multiple Choice

How long can a whale stay under water?

• 80/20 minutes

• 10 minutes

• 5 minutes

• 90/30 min

Multiple Choice

which whale migrates the longest distances

• blue whale

• orca

• grey whale

• dolphin

Multiple Choice

_________are herds of marine mammals including whales, dolphins, walruses and seals.

• schools

• clans

• pods

• cliques

Migrations

Summer feeding for the humpback whale occurs mostly off the coast of Antarctica.

Multiple Choice

Marine Mammals are....

• oviviparous

• ovoviviparous

• viviparous

Multiple Choice

Definition of gestation

• the act of food being digested in the stomach

• the process of growing offspring in the womb

• eating special feed

• the process of growing into an adult animal

Multiple Choice

The gestation period for a whale.

• 300 days

• 360 days

• 400 days

Giving Birth