Genetic Diversity Test prep

Genetic Diversity Test prep

Learning the key concepts

Diversity of traits

All species are able to survive because they can reproduce faster than they are killed, and/or because each individual member is different.

The different characteristics held by each individual allow some members of the species to survive, even in situations where most would not.

Natural Selection

• Organisms fill a role in the ecosystem

• Sometimes multiple animal species fill the same role

• This is competition

• The species that is best at filling the role wins, and goes unchanged

• The species that loses either has to: change to fill a new role (niche), die out (go extinct) or leave the area

Favorable traits vs unfavorable

• Sexual reproduction creates variations in the species that can be tested against the environment. Some characteristics allow for roles to be filled better than others

• Good variations are more likely to breed and change the population (adaptations)

• Bad variations are more likely to die off before breeding

Multiple Choice

variation

• a difference

• a vertical

• a spell

• an animal

Multiple Choice

A trait that is useful for survival

• adaptation

• variation

• evolution

• natural selection

Multiple Choice

A dog barking to keep predators away is an example of...

• a good adaptation

• a bad adaptation

Evolution is change over time

Beneficial traits are "more likely" to be passed but sometimes can be killed off early.

Bad traits are "less likely" to be passed on but sometimes are passed on anyway.

Over a long period of time, a species will change to best fit their environment (Evolution)

Multiple Choice

Can bad traits be passed on in a population

• Yes, they are just less likely to be

• No, they will be killed first

• Yes, they are more likely to be

Multiple Choice

Will good traits always be passed on?

• Yes, they will always be passed on

• No, they will be killed first

• No, they are more likely to be

Multiple Choice

Evolution is a

• law

• theory

• conclusion

• hypothesis

Multiple Choice

Evolution means

• change in a species over time

• natural selection

• repopulation of the DNA

• random changes to DNA

Multiple Choice

Can a dog develop a trait that makes it less likely to bark?

• Yes, I've seen dogs that don't bark a lot

• No, all dogs bark a ton

Poll

Do you think that barking less (which we've already shown is less beneficial than barking more to get rid of predators) can still be passed down?

• Yes because humans support dogs who bark less, and they fit the environment

• Yes, because the trait can randomly pass on

• No, dogs that bark less will die off

• No, dogs that bark less don't get to make offspring

Extinction

• Occurs when...

• A species gets out-competed in its niche

• Can't adapt to change fast enough

• Doesn't have enough genetic diversity to survive random change events

Multiple Choice

What happens to a dog that doesn't bark in the wild, where there are many predators?

• It will likely be eaten before it can reproduce

• It will live and reproduce

Multiple Choice

When all organisms of a species die

• extinction

• endangered

• reduction

• pollution

Artificial Selection

• Artificial means "man-made"

• Selective breeding is when a man makes the decision of which organisms can breed. This is artificial selection as the change still occurs over time, but is man-made.

• Scientists can also change the DNA directly using genetic engineering

Multiple Choice

When scientists create changes in the DNA it is called

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• genetic engineering

Multiple Choice

When humans make changes over time in a different species' population

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• genetic engineering

Multiple Choice

Artifical means

• man-made

• natural

• normal

• dying

Multiple Choice

artifical selection is

• man-made change over time

• natural change over time

• extinction

• reduced prices on select items

Sexual Reproduction

A male and female contribute their sex cells to create an offspring. The offspring will have a random combination of traits from the mom and dad, half from each parent.

Multiple Choice

sexual reproduction requires

• 2 parents

• 1 parent

Multiple Choice

The resulting organism from reproduction is called ..

• offspring

• womb

• fetus

• toddler

Multiple Choice

During sexual reproduction the sex cells have

• half the chromosomes of a normal cell

• the same amount of chromosomes as a normal cell

• double the chromosomes of a normal cell

Multiple Choice

sexual reproduction adds ____ to a population

• genetic variation

• creativity

• relationships

• parents

Asexual Reproduction

One organism (the parent) makes a genetic clone of itself in order to reproduce. The only way for the offspring to be genetically different is from mutation.

Multiple Choice

Asexual reproduction requires

• 2 parents

• 1 parent

Multiple Choice

Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are

• genetically identical

• genetically different

Multiple Choice

Another term for genetically identical is

• clone

• repeat

• variation

• unique