35B Modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

Modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

By Marija Savić

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- лекција за 3. разред средње школе, према уџбенику Improving English 3 Катарине Ковачевић и Гордане Марковић​

Modal verbs | модални глаголи

• понашају се као помоћни глаголи па се никад не користе с помоћним глаголима BE, HAVE, DO

• одрични облик граде додавањем NOT после глагола

• питања граде инверзијом глагола и субјекта

• не мењају се по лицима

• после модалних глагола увек се користи инфинитив без TO

• могу се односити на прошлост, садашњост, будућност​

modal verbs revision

Modal verbs

modal verbs revision

• must / mustn't

• ought to / ought not to

• need / needn't

• dare / daren't

• used to​

• will

• would

• shall

• should / shouldn't

• can / could

• ​may / might

Modal verbs

modal verbs revision

• Modalni perfektivni progresiv: will / would have been playing

• Modalni pasiv:

  will / would be played

• Modalni perfektivni pasiv:

  will / would have been played​

• Modalni prezent:

  will / would play

• Modalni perfekat:

  will / would have played

• Modalni progresiv:

  will / would be playing​

Modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

Speculations about past actions

• modal verbs with the perfect infinitive (have + past participle) are used to talk about how sure or unsure we are about something in the past.

• ​must, might / may / could, can't / couldn't, should

• should have + past participle used to talk about past events which did not happen, to express obligation or criticism

modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

His secretary must have taken the letter. It is not here. (we see that)

​Његова секретарица мора да је узела писмо. Није овде.​

Example:

• must have + past participle used when we are quite sure about something

Deduction

must have + past participle

must have + past participle for deduction

He may / might / could have mentioned it, but I can't really remember. I wasn't listening.

Можда је то поменуо, али се не сећам. Нисам слушао.​

Example:

• mght / may / could have + past participle used when we are not sure about something but we think it was possible

Uncertainty

might / may / could have + past participle

might / may / could have + past participle for uncertainty

She can't have stolen Ann's bag because she was with me. (it's impossible)

Није могла украсти Енину ташну јер је била са мном.​

Example:

• can't / couldn't have + past participle used when we are sure did not happen in the past

Certainty

can't / couldn't have + past participle

can't / couldn't have + past participle for certainty

​I should have sent the postcard myself. > Требало је да лично пошаљем разгледницу.

He should have helped her.​ > Требало је да јој помогне.

Examples:

• should have + past participle used to express criticism about past events which did not happen

Criticism

should have + past participle

should have + past participle for criticism

You shouldn't have said things like that to her - it really upset her!

Није требало да јој кажеш такве ствари - узрујао си је!​

Example:

• should not have + past participle used to talk about unwanted things that happened

Unwanted events

should not have + past participle

should not have + past participle for unwanted events

We needn't have hurried. Now we are too early.

Није требало да журимо. Сад смо поранили.​

Example:

• needn't have + past participle used to talk about actions which were performed yet unnecessary

Unnecessary actions

needn't have + past participle

needn't have + past participle for unnecessary actions

Let's practice!

modal verbs with the perfect infinitive​

modal verbs with the perfect infinitive

Multiple Choice

I'm almost certain that it happened.

It . . . . . . . . . . . ..

• must have happened

• can't have happened

• may / might have happened

Multiple Choice

I'm almost certain that it didn't happen.

It . . . . . . . . . . . ..

• must have happened

• can't have happened

• may / might have happened

Multiple Choice

I'm not sure whether it happened or not.

It . . . . . . . . . . . ..

• must have happened

• can't have happened

• may / might have happened

Multiple Choice

Why is he late? He . . . . . . have been stuck in a traffic jam.

• must

• should

• might / could

• can't / couldn't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

It was a mistake to lie. You . . . . . . . have told him the truth. (but you didn’t)

• must

• should

• might / could

• can't / couldn't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

He . . . . . . . . have been at that club last night. It was closed.

• must

• should

• might / could

• can't / couldn't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

He . . . . . . . have entered the house here; the window is broken.

• must

• should

• might / could

• can't / couldn't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

You . . . . . have watered the flowers. It’s raining.

• must

• should

• might / could

• can't / couldn't

• needn't

Multiple Select

He had the necessary qualifications and . . . . . have applied for that job, too.

• may

• could

• might

• can't

• needn't

Multiple Select

Nobody knows why she left. She . . . . . have fallen in love with someone else.

• may

• could

• might

• can't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

They. . . . . have been at the café but I didn't see them.

• may

• could

• might

• can't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

You . . . . . have seen him this morning. He was with me all the time.

• may

• could

• might

• can't

• needn't

Multiple Choice

- Where is your sister?

-I'm not sure. She . . . . . have gone home.

• may

• could

• might

• can't

• needn't