Matter

​Concentration of solutions​

​Learning Objectives

• Define the concentration of a solution.

• Outline the differences between concentrated and dilute solutions.

• Show how to calculate the concentration of a solution.

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Concentrated and Dilute Solutions

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• The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute dissolved in a volume of solvent.

• Solutions can be dilute or concentrated.

• Dilute solutions have less solute dissolved in them.

• Concentrated solutions have more solute dissolved in them.

​Concentrated Solution

​

• more solute

• less solvent

• darker in color​

​Dilute Solution

​

• less solute

• more solvent

• lighter in color​

​Concept Check

Open Ended

Outline the differences between a dilute and concentrated solution

​Measuring Concentrations​

​Concept Check​

Open Ended

10 grams of solute is dissolved in 90 grams of solvent. Calculate the mass percent concentration of the solution

Open Ended

A solution with a mass of 100 g has a mass percent concentration of 25%. Calculate the mass of the solute in the solution.

Open Ended

Two solutions, the first with 30 g of solute in 270 g of solvent and the second with 15 g of solute in 35 g of solvent, are made. Which solution has the higher concentration?

​Conservation of mass​

​Recall: Science Vocabulary

​Melting

- only 1 substance is involved​

- phase change (solid --liquid) because of heat​ added to the substance

​

Dissolving​

- 2 substances are involved; solute + solvent

- the result is a solution/mixture​

​Melting

- only 1 substance is involved​

- phase change (solid --liquid) because of heat​ added to the substance

​

​

Dissolving​

- 2 substances are involved; solute + solvent

- the result is a solution/mixture​

​Conservation of mass​

​Conservation of mass

​Homogeneous Mixture

​Heterogeneous Mixture

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アントワーヌ・ラヴォアジエ

Antoine Lavoisier

French chemist

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​Concept Check

​Concentration of Solutions​

Mixtures

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Mixtures

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​* A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different substances together

• Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous​

​A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout

​

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures​

Mixtures

​

​A heterogeneous mixture has a different composition throughout

Mixtures​

Poll

Classify

• Homogeneous mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures

Poll

Classify

• Homogeneous mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures

Poll

Classify

• Homogeneous mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures

Poll

Classify

• Homogeneous mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures

Poll

Classify

• Homogeneous mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures

Solutions

​

​Solutions are homogeneous mixtures

​The solid that dissolves is called solute

​The liquid that dissolves the solid is called solvent

​The dissolve solid and the liquid is called solution

​* Substances that dissolve are soluble

* Substances that do not dissolve are insoluble

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* Solubility is a measure of how much solid/solute will dissolve in a liquid/solvent​

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Match

Match the following

• solute

• solvent

• solution

the dissolved solid

water or liquid

the dissolved solid and water/liquid

• the dissolved solid

• water or liquid

• the dissolved solid and water/liquid

Draw

Under each picture, write the correct word

Open Ended

Explain the difference between melting and dissolving

​Science Vocabulary

​Melting

- only 1 substance is involved​

- phase change (solid --liquid) because of heat​ added to the substance

​

Dissolving​

- 2 substances are involved; solute + solvent

- the result is a solution/mixture​

Matter

Organic and Inorganic ​

​Organic substances contain carbon and hydrogen bonds

​

Examples​ of organic substances include glucose and gasoline (petrol)

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Organic substances can be gases, solids or liquids with​ low melting points

​Inorganic substances do not contain carbon

​

Example​s include salt and rocks

​

Inorganic substances are mostly​ solids with high melting points

Match

Match the following

• Organic

• Inorganic

• Ethanol

• Silver

Sugar

Diamond

Organic

Inorganic

• Sugar

• Diamond

• Organic

• Inorganic

Match

Match the following

• DNA

• Organic

• Inorganic

• Water

Organic

Methane

Salt

Inorganic

• Organic

• Methane

• Salt

• Inorganic

​Intensive and Extensive Properties

​Physical properties can be intensive or extensive

​

An extensive property depend on how much of the material is in it or ​the amount of the material

​

An intensive property does NOT depend on how much of the material there is or the size of the material​

Draw

Classify the following properties. Put a check mark on the proper column

​Density​

​Concept Check​

Match

Match the following

• 0.5 g/cm³

• 0.005 g/cm³

• 0.05 g/cm³

Lead

Expanded Polystyrene

Wood

• Lead

• Expanded Polystyrene

• Wood

Reorder

Reorder the following from highest density to lowest density

• Lead

• Wood

• Expanded polystyrene

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Open Ended

State which block would float on water. Give a reason for your choice.

Heating and cooling curves

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​* Heating and cooling curves show how the phase of a substance changes with temperature

Heating and cooling curves

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​* Heating and cooling curves show how the phase of a substance changes with temperature

Open Ended

As more heat is added, the ____ changes.

Multiple Select

The change of state that has the most heat energy is ___.

• boiling / evaporating

• condensing

• melting

• freezing

Multiple Select

The change of state that has the least heat energy is ___.

• boiling / evaporating

• condensing

• melting

• freezing

Poll

As a solid changes to a liquid, the temperature ___

• is the same

• increases

• decreases

Poll

As a liquid changes to a gas, the temperature ___

• is the same

• increases

• decreases