DA1 Review 1: Important docs, constitutional principles, & peopl

Review 1:

• Historical Documents, Constitutional Principles, and

• A few of the people ya gotta know.

Documents that influenced us...

Documents that gave us those democratic principles…

× Magna Carta: a

English government document that influenced the US Constitution. It limited the power of the king of England and protected the rights of the nobility
Big ideas:

• Limited Government,

• Rights,

• Rule of Law,

• Due Process (right to trial by jury)

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Documents that gave us those democratic principles…

English Bill of Rights:

• Influenced the US Constitution

• Expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, AND further limited the rights of the king.

Big Ideas:

• Limited Government,
  Rights,

• Due Process (trial by jury),

• Rule of Law

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Documents that gave us those democratic principles…

Spirit of the Laws:

• Influenced the US Constitution

• by Montesquieu

• Argued for separating the government into 3 branches so no one branch has too much power.

Big Ideas:

• Separation of Power

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Multiple Select

Which of the following documents influenced the United States Constitution? Choose all that apply.

• Spirit of the Laws

• Magna Carta

• Animal Farm

• English Bill of Rights

Dropdown

While ​Montesquieu's ​

Select answer

supported the idea of separation of power as a way to limit government, Enligh nobles' ​

Select answer

and Parliament's English Bill of Rights influenced the Constitution and limited government through the ideas of due process of law, rule of law, and rights.

Multiple Choice

This is the idea of splitting up the powers of the government into different branches (each with its own powers) so no one branch gets too much power.

• Due Process

• Separation of Power

• Republicanism

• Rule of Law

Declaration of Independence

× Break up letter written to King George
× Parts of Letter:

× Preamble

× Explains the reasons for writing the Declaration
× People have the right to change their government.

× If a group of people want to get rid of or break

away from their government, they need to explain
why - list their grievances (complaints)

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Declaration of Independence

× Paragraph 2

Purpose of government is to protect the rights of the people.

×Statement of purpose and basic human rights derived from the laws of
nature. - rights given them to by their Creator (god) not by the people running the government.

×All men are created equal

×Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

×If a government doesn’t give them rights, they should abolish it
(get rid of it)

×Jefferson’s statement means that the rights set forth in the Declaration are
not created by people or granted by government, and so cannot be taken
away by the actions of people or their governments.

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Dropdown

While ​

Select answer

was the main (primary) author of the Declaration of Independence, many of his ideas were based on ideas of​

Select answer

about individual rights and the social contract.

Multiple Choice

The Declaration of Independence stated that the purpose of government was to protect what?

• Rights of the ruler

• Rights of the people

• The right to complain

Multiple Choice

The Declaration of Independence introduced their grievances by saying that if a people want to abolish or split from a government, they need to explain

• who

• why

• when

• how awesome the King is

Declaration of Independence

× Part 3: Declaration of Grievances - their list of complaints - MAJOR purpose of the Declaration of Independence

×Lists specific complaints or grievances against
King George III

×Each item describes a violation of the colonists’ political, civil, and/or economic liberties

×Designed to justify the break with Great Britain.

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Multiple Choice

The colonists justified their break with England by including a list of what?

• Grievances

• Demands

• Rights of the king

Declaration of Independence

× Conclusion

× The conclusion states the colonists’

determination to separate from Great
Britain.

× Their efforts to reach a peaceful solution

had failed, leaving them no choice but to
declare their independence.

× Declaration of War!

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Dropdown

Basically, the Declaration of Independence was a ​

Select answer

designed to justify the revolution. The justification was given in the ​

Select answer

in the middle of the document.

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT

• A constitution is a plan that

• identifies the people’s ideals;

• establishes government structure, powers, and duties; and

• provides the supreme law.

• A constitutional government is limited because the constitution

places limits on the powers of government officials.

• No written constitution can spell out all the laws, customs, and

ideas that evolve around it.

• Governments do not always follow the laws of their

constitutions.

Multiple Choice

A written constitution is important because it

• outlines the structure of the government and basic laws

• If it is written, you get to tear it up when you drive 75 on Beltway 8.

• declares independence from another country

• lists all the laws of a country

PRINCIPLES (BIG IDEAS)

1. Popular Sovereignty/Republicanism

2. Limited Government

3. Federalism

4. Separation of Power

5. Checks and Balances

6. Individual rights

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY/REPUBLICANISM

Popular sovereignty: A government in which the people rule.

• Government has power only by consent of the people (permission)

• People participate by voting

Republicainism is the idea that we elect representatives to rule on our behalf (in our place)

• It isn't reasonable for everyone to vote for all issues

• People vote for people to represent their views.

• Opposition is allowed (people can run AGAINST people already in office) (unlike governments with unlimited power).

Example – People can run for office, campaign for individuals who run, or protest decisions made by others.

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

Power of the government, which is given by the people, is limited by law and restricted to certain principles of action

Multiple Choice

The idea that a government gets its power from the people is...

• popular sovereignty

• republicanism

• rule of law

• federalism

Dropdown

A government that gets its power from the consent of the governed (the permission of the people) is always a ​

Select answer

government

FEDERALISM

• Federalism: A system of government in which powers

are shared by the state and national government.

• In our system, the national government does have ultimate

(final) authority, but states have a lot to say in what goes
on as well.

• Some powers are given to federal (or national) government,

some are kept for the states

FEDERALISM

The 10th Amendment says about power:

• “Powers not delegated [given] to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited [not allowed] by it to the states, are reserved [kept for] to the states, or to the people.”

• This means: if something is not listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal (national) government, they can’t have it!

• It belongs to the states or the people of the US

Also:

Federalism helps the government by reducing the amount that the federal government has to do when ruling a large nation. The states take some of the jobs that the national government would have to do if we had a unitary system.

Dropdown

Under federalism, power is ​

Select answer

the national and state governments.

HOWEVER...

• There are powers that the national government takes

even though they aren’t said in the Constitution

• These are implied powers

• This is allowed because of the “necessary and proper clause”, also called the elastic clause

• Congress can do what they need to in order to do the jobs given in the Constitution

• “Congress shall have the power to make all laws which shall

be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any
department or officer thereof.”

FEDERALISM - POWERSFOR GOVERNMENT

Federal: Delegated
(also called
Enumerated) Powers

➔
Coin money

➔
Maintain armed
forces

➔
Declare war

➔
Regulate trade
between states

➔
Regulate trade with
other countries

Regulate = control, pass
laws about

Both federal and state share: Concurrent
Powers

➔ Establish courts

➔ Enforce Laws

➔ Collect taxes

➔Borrow money

➔ “Provide for the
general welfare and
public safety”

States: Reserved
Powers

➔
Regulate trade inside
of own state

➔
Conduct (hold)
elections

➔
Establish (make)
local governments

➔
Public schools

Dropdown

Under federalism, ​

Select answer

powers belong to the national (federal) government, ​

Select answer

powers belong to the state governments, and ​

Select answer

power is held by BOTH the national and state governments.

Multiple Choice

When federalism splits power between the federal and state governments, it

• lets both levels do whatever they want

• Makes sure the president has all the power

• helps run a really big country

Separation of Power

• Definition – Divides the roles of government into 3 branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.

• Why? So that one person or one group of people do not control everything and become too powerful.

• Who came up with this? Montesquieu

Check and Balances

• Definition – Each of the 3 branches of government has a little

control, or check, on the other 2 branches.

• This balances power between the 3, ensuring that none of the

branches get out of control.

• Example – Federal judges are nominated by the President, but have

to be approved by Congress.

"Government ought to control itself."

Limited Government

• Definition – There are rules government must follow; limits

on their actions

Multiple Choice

This is one way that the government uses to control itself - to keep itself from getting too much power. (Government must control itself!)

• Elastic clause

• Consent of the governed

• Checks and Balances

• Republicanism

Multiple Choice

Congress' powers are expanded by the ____________, which allows them to make laws that they need to (are necessary) in order to fulfill the delegated powers.

• checks and balance clause

• elastic clause

• supremacy clause

• separation fo powers clause

Individual Rights

• Definition – Personal liberties and privileges that people are

born with and can not be taken away.

• The Bill of Rights, the first Ten Amendments, was created to list out all of these rights so people know when the government tries to take them away.

• According to the Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to protect the rights of the people.

Match

Match the following

• Government power comes from consent of tte people

• Government does not have all power - it has laws it has to follow

• Power is split between the central and regional (state) governments

• People elect representatives to make decisions in government

Popular sovereignty

Limited government

Federalism

Republicanism

• Popular sovereignty

• Limited government

• Federalism

• Republicanism