Dante Certification Level 1 Notes- PPT

Presentation

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Physics

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12th Grade

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Practice Problem

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Hard

Sophia Rodriguez

FREE Resource

140 Slides • 0 Questions

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Introduction

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

About the Dante Certification Program

Practical Training Benefits:

Establishes consistency around:
-
Understanding of Dante
-
Vocabulary
-
Methods for Use

The Certification:

Lets others know you have the skills.

Employers value Dante Certification enough to verify passing with us.
Qualifies for Renewal Credits

InfoComm CTS, CEDIA RU

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

About the Dante Certification Program

Second Edition: Updated Information

Dante Firmware Updater

Dante AVIO

Ultimo-X, Broadway Chipsets
IP Core Solution

Dante Virtual Soundcard
for Virtual Machines

GPS Clocking, Clock Zones,
Latency & Buffer Adjustment

Dante over Distance (>500 miles)

DAL & DEP

Dante Application Library &
Dante Embedded Platform

PoE 802.3bt

Original Certification Never Expired. Creation Dates: Level 1-2: 2016, Level 3: 2018

About the Dante Certification Program

Single-Switch
(Layer 2, Unmanaged)
Multiple-Switches
(Layer 2, Managed)
Multiple-Switches
(Layer 3, Managed)

Executive Summary
Operate Personal Systems

Professional Point Person
Managed Switch Optimization
Troubleshooting

Interface with IT Staff
Enterprise Network
Dante Domain Manager

Second Edition: Structure

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

About the Dante Certification Program

New Level 1-2-3 classes act as “General Education”.

New “Elective” Structure to Allow Continuous Growth

Audio/Video 101
Terminating
Category Cable

Managed Switch Tutorial

Intro to Fiber

DDM Administrator

Dante & ST 2110

Basics of Sound for
Conference & Presentation

Dante AV

New “Role-Based Certifications”: e.g. - Level 2 Live Engineer, Level 3 IT Manager

Second Edition: Structure + Electives

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Who is Audinate & What is Dante

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Who Is Audinate?

Network Engineers
serving the
A/V Industry

Develop Dante as
100%

Interoperable Solution
for all AV Manufacturers

Headquartered in
Sydney, Australia

Dante:

Manufacturers use our tested resources●

Use their A/V expertise
Use our networking expertise

Ultimo-X
0x4, 2x2 or 4x0

Broadway
16x16

Brooklyn II
64x64

PCIe-R
128x128

Dante HC (High Capacity)
512x512

V:1, A:8

10110010
01101100
11101011
10001001

The Complete AVoIP Solution

Shared Processor Options:
IP Core: 512x512 High Performance on Xilinx FPGA
Dante Embedded Platform (DEP): 64x64 Good Performance,
Linux x86 and ARM processors, Field Activation Capability.

Dante:

Manufacturers use our tested resources●

Use their A/V expertise
Use our networking expertise

Dante Virtual Soundcard

Mid-to High channel count

Any wired
network
port

The Complete AVoIP Solution

Event Recording, Prod Backing Tracks

Dante Via
Internal Computer Patching
Conferencing, Collaboration

Dante Application Library (DAL)
Software Maker can include Dante
e.g. - ZoomRooms, Shure IntelliMix DSP

10110010
01101100
11101011
10001001

Dante Via example: https://vimeo.com/475042691 Dante Application Library example: https://vimeo.com/425574576

Dante: The Complete AVoIP Solution

Dante Controller

Dante Domain Manager

Engineering

Support

Training

Dante: The Complete AVoIP Solution

Dante Controller

Dante Domain Manager

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

A Simple Demonstration

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Network Solution vs Digital Snake

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Dante:Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network

So, is Dante like a Digital Snake?

No, a network is far more powerful.

Dante:

Where Does the Signal Go?
How to Change Signal Paths?
Can we Split Signals?
Shares Cable with other Signals?

Linear cable path
Move the cable
No
No

Anywhere on Network
Click of the Mouse
Yes – on network
Yes – common infrastructure

Point-to-Point

Networked Solution

Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network

Analog (Multicore)

Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network

Digital Snake (CAT5)

Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network

Category Cable

Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network

SWITCH

A “whimsical” 6-way split
from stage sources.

Backstage monitor to check
mics before going on stage.

Monitor desk w virtual
soundcheck capabilities

FoH desk w virtual
soundcheck capabilities

Formal recording system.

Dante: Signal Splitting

SWITCH

Output splits for main PA
drive, as well.

Dante: Signal Splitting

Digital Snakes & Point-to-Point (P2P) Connections

USB

Analog

Snake

Digital
8x8

Dante Network Solution

X
64x64

Three unrelated
connection types for
one signal chain.

Stagebox channels
used for BG tracks

No control links

Common network
for many functions:

- Dante audio

Stagebox untouched
by BG tracks

- Mixer Control
- Amp Monitoring

●

Dante: Flexible Capacity





Dante Controller

Dante Virtual Soundcard

Dante Via

Dante Application Library (DAL)

Dante AVIO, Driverless USB

Dante PCIe Card

Dante: Works Equally on Mac OS or Windows

Summary: What is Dante?

Dante is not just an audio-video transport, it is a complete solution.●

Standardized management, maintenance, support network, training, etc.

Dante is powerful, intuitive, and cost-effective.●

Simple plug-n-play start. Advanced configuration waiting when you need it.
Flexible audio and video routing and splitting.

Dante benefits from “the Network Effect”.●

In 2019, we passed 1,000,000 devices in the field.
Thousands of devices to choose from, including unique problem solvers.

Dante Certification will go beyond the simplistic design.●

You can have audio passing in your system in minutes.
This class will solidify the skills you already have.

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Basics of Digital Audio

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Audio Basics:

Amplitude

Time

000000000000000000000000

001010101010101010101010

010101010101010101010100

100000000000000000000000

101010101010101010101010

110101010101010101010100

111111111111111111111111

Capturing a Sound Wave

Audio Basics:

000000000000000000000000

001010101010101010101010

010101010101010101010100

100000000000000000000000

101010101010101010101010

110101010101010101010100

111111111111111111111111

Amplitude

Time

Capturing a Sound Wave

Audio Basics:

000000000000000000000000

001010101010101010101010

010101010101010101010100

100000000000000000000000

101010101010101010101010

110101010101010101010100

111111111111111111111111

Amplitude

Time

101010101010101010101010
Digital Word

Word Length (aka Bit Depth)

Capturing a Sound Wave

Audio Basics:

48kHz Sample Rate means:
Measure the wave 48,000 times/second

Resolution of Time (Frequency)

24-bit means:

Scale uses 24 binary digits
Resolution in Amplitude

Capturing a Sound Wave

24 binary digits

Audio Basics:

Nyquist Therum

Sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency.

Capturing a Sound Wave

One Cycle

Peak
(Compression)

Trough
(Rarefaction)

Audio Basics:

Nyquist Therum

Sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency.

Capturing a Sound Wave

Problem: Sample rate too low (7 cycles, 8 samples)

Audio Basics:

Nyquist Therum

Sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency.

Capturing a Sound Wave

Good: Sample rate over 2x highest frequency: (32 samples, 7 cycles)

Audio Basics:

“Depth of Teeth”

11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000
11110000 11110000 11110000
11110000 11110000 11110000
11110000 11110000 11110000 00000000

Drop These Bits

Fill With 0’s

From 32-bit to 24-bit:

From 24-bit to 32-bit:

Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths

Sample Rate &
Bit Depth Match

Bit Depth
Mismatch

Audio Basics:

Sample Rate &
Bit Depth Match

Bit Depth
Mismatch

Sample Rate
Mismatch

“Tooth Spacing”

Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths

Audio Basics:

Sample Rate
Converter

Sample Rate &
Bit Depth Match

Bit Depth
Mismatch

Sample Rate
Mismatch

Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths

Audio Basics:

Dante Support Multiple Simultaneous Sample Rates●

A single clock leader will coordinate all sample rates and frame rates.
Dante ports must be at the same sample rate to connect.

48kHz

96kHz

A Single Clock Leader
for all Sample Rates, Frame Rates

Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths

Audio Basics:

Dante Support Multiple Simultaneous Sample Rates●

A single clock leader will coordinate all sample rates and frame rates.
Dante ports must be at the same sample rate to connect.

48kHz

96kHz

Some devices can bridge: two separate Dante ports with Sample Rate Conversion

INTERFACE A

INTERFACE B

Sample Rate Conversion

Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths

Audio Basics:

Bandwidth is more than just audio data – also network overhead.●

to/from addresses, packet formatting data, etc.

Shippers move the size/weight of the
whole package, not just the items in it.

Rule of thumb: 512 channels per 1Gbit link

≈ 590 Mbps (contents)
≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)

●

Wisdom: Don’t plan to use 100% network bandwidth.
This 512 ch “rule of thumb” is under 80% utilization.

512 channels x 48 kHz x 24 bit

MADI

512

(at 1 msec latency)

Estimating Bandwidth

Audio Basics:

≈ 590 Mbps (contents)
≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)
512 channels x 48 kHz x 24 bit

≈ 590 Mbps (contents)
≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)
256 channels x 96 kHz x 24 bit

Rule of thumb: Double Sample Rate, Reduce Channels by Half●

(Assuming you need bandwidth to remain constant)

÷2

≈ 590 Mbps (contents)
≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)
128 channels x 192 kHz x 24 bit

÷4

Estimating Bandwidth

Audio Basics:

Network Hubs repeat any
incoming data to all outputs.











 

   








Network Switches only send
incoming data where it belongs.

Hubs make a giant “collision domain”.
If two packets are sent at the same
time, the data collides and must be
retransmitted.

Switches buffer data packets.
If two packets target the same port at the
same time, they are queued and sent first
in, first out. So, a 1Gbps network can
move thousands of channels.

512 ch

256 ch

Estimating Bandwidth

LinkedIn Post from SSL: https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:share:6691738801636728832

5x 64-fader S500 & T80 Tempest Engines
6x 32-fader S300 & T25 Tempest Engines

● 512 faders
● >5,500 audio Processing Paths
● >24,000 Dante Audio channels

Audio Basics: Network Capacity

Audio Basics:

Sample Rate is the resolution of time – measured in digital words / sec●

Bit Depth represents the resolution of the sound wave amplitude.●

e.g. – 44.1kHz (CDs), 48kHz (Pro Audio), 2x or more is “high resolution”

Nyquist Theorum states the sample rate must be ≥2x the highest frequency captured.

e.g. – 16-bit (CDs), 24-bit to 32-bit (Pro Audio Production Capture)

512 channels on a 1Gbps connection; The network can have more.●

Dante capacity scales with bandwidth. (2Gbps link could carry 1024 channels, etc.)

Doubling sample rate doubles bandwidth or halves the channel count.

To connect: sample rates must match, bit depths can be mixed.●

Summary

The network switch itself is not limited to the port speed.

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Basics of Digital Video

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Video Basics:

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).●

Resolution

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Resolution

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Aspect

4:3

12345678910111213141516
16:9

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Aspect

4:3

16:9

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

16:9

4:3

Cropping image to fit on screen.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Aspect

4:3

16:9

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

16:9

4:3

Keeping whole image, adding black bars.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Aspect

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Anamorphic (distorting the image) to maximize resolution.

.35

2.35:1

3:2

Video Basics:

●

Interlaced draws
the odd lines, then
the even lines.

480i, 1080i

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Additional Reading: Why Do We Interlace? https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/why-do-we-interlace

● An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Interlaced vs Progressive

Progressive draws
all lines in order.

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

480p, 720p,
1080p, 4K

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Additional Reading: Why Do We Interlace? https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/why-do-we-interlace

● An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Interlaced vs Progressive

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

In a scan, the first
and last pixes are
roughly a half frame
apart in time.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Additional Reading: Why Do We Interlace? https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/why-do-we-interlace

● An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Interlaced vs Progressive

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

In a scan, the first and
last pixes are captured
roughly a half frame
apart in time.

That means neighboring
lines of the composite
were also captured a
half frame apart in time.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.●

4 : 4 : 4

4 : 2 : 2

4 : 2 : 0

Luma
(Brightness)

4:4:4 vs 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Chroma
(Color)

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.●

4 : 4 : 4

4 : 2 : 2

4 : 2 : 0

Luma
(Brightness)

Chroma
(Color)

4:4:4 vs 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.●

4 : 4 : 4

4 : 2 : 2

4 : 2 : 0

Luma
(Brightness)

Chroma
(Color)

4:4:4 vs 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Video Basics:

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.●

HDR captures wider range of
hightlight and shadows.

High Dynamic Range (HDR)

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Canon: HDR Explained https://youtu.be/2YUjCW8HYKo

Video Basics:

●

24fps
25fps
30fps

48fps
50fps
60fps

Film:
TV (PAL):
TV (NTSC):
(29.97fps)

Fun explanation of how 29.97fps came to be: https://youtu.be/3GJUM6pCpew

(59.94fps)
x2

A video will flash images at a given frames per second (fps)●

●

A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.

Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.

An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Frame Rate

Video Basics:

A raw 4K/60 signal is over 10Gbps.
How is this working on a 1Gbps link?

Dante AV uses a JPEG 2000 codec.

JPEG 2000 Codec

Video Basics:

of digital cinemas use
intoPIX JPEG 2000 codec

No generational loss.

Subsequent decode and encode with no loss.

65%

Original Spec: 2160P 24fps 4:4:4 ≈ 250Mbps

JPEG 2000 Codec

MPEG

UNCOMPRESSED

NUMBER OF ENCODE/DECODE PASSES

IMAGE QUALITY
(PSNR)

FINAL RESULT

JPEG 2000

INITIAL COMPRESSION LOSS

Video Basics: JPEG 2000 Codec

Video Basics:

Encodes one frame at a time.

Low Latency

Encodes frames in groups.

MPEG

Intra-frame
Codec

Inter-frame
Codec

Errors continue until next keyframe

Medium Latency

Errors Contained to 1 Frame

JPEG 2000 Codec

Intra-frame Codec

Inter-frame Codec

Video Basics:

Resolution

4Kp60

1080p30

4Kp30

4:2:2

Color
& Frame Rate

Space
Encoded Data Rates
Uncompressed

Maximum

Typical

8.49 Gbps

4.25 Gbps

1.00 Gbps

≈ 600 Mbps

≈ 400 Mbps

≈ 150 Mbps

≈ 540 Mbps

≈ 270 Mbps

≈ 68 Mbps

Raw Data

VIDEO

Estimated Dante AV Data Rates using well lit content in encoded with Ultra Low Latency codec.

For more bandwidth estimations, please refer to
“Dante AV JPEG 2000 Bandwidth Estimator”

JPEG 2000 Codec

Video Basics:

● HDCP is High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

Protects (locks) copyrighted material in transport between devices.

● If content is not HDCP protected, Dante AV does not add it.

● If content is HDCP protected, Dante AV follows HDCP v2.3 rules.

Allows up to 16 devices participating with the video path.

Common for DVD, Blu-ray, Cable/Satellite TV, Computer video out, etc.

Validated by DCP for unicast and multicast modes.

You’ll have unlimited displays and reach.

● Dante audio channels are unaffected by HDCP.

High-bandwidth Digital Copy Protection (HDCP)

Video Basics:

Structural Video Settings●

Resolution, Aspect, Interlaced

Summary

Color Space:●

Color encoding (eg 4:2:2), bit depth and High Dynamic Range processing

Video Codec: JPEG2000●

Used in 65% of digital cinemas today.
Visually lossless, appropriate for natural video and computer graphics.

Audio is uncompressed, just like other Dante audio devices.●

Supports up to 4K/60 Resolution●

HDCP Copy protection management (only if content is protected)
Signal can be split on network - more on this in the Level 2… class, “Multicast”

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Dante Ports & Connections

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Some Dante devices will have one
Dante port, some will have two.

●

A second port typically defaults to
“Daisy Chain” or “Switched” mode.

●

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

SWITCH

INTERNAL

CONNECTION

Network Topology: Daisy Chain (aka Switched)

192.168.1.15

User Ecrips on en.wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daisy_chain.JPG

Network Topology:

Daisy Chain

Daisy Chain (aka Switched)

Network Topology: Daisy Chain (aka Switched)

Daisy Chain

Star

Network Topology: Star

Trunk Line / Uplink

Network Topology: Star

Network Topology: Connections (Best Practice, Wiring)

Endpoints

Computer, Dante Audio Devices, etc.
Trunk Lines

e.g. - Other switches

PRIMARY

CONNECTION

192.168.1.15

Network Topology: Redundant

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

SWITCH

Some Dante devices will have one
Dante port, some will have two.

●

A second port typically defaults to
“Daisy Chain” or “Switched” mode.

●

A second port typically could also
feed a redundant connection.

●

Network Topology: Redundant

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

PRIMARY

CONNECTION

Some Dante devices will have one
Dante port, some will have two.

●

A second port typically defaults to
“Daisy Chain” or “Switched” mode.

●

A second port typically could also
feed a redundant connection.

●

SECONDARY

CONNECTION

192.168.1.15

192.168.2.15

Primary

Secondary

Network Topology: Redundant

169.254.__.__

172.31.__.__

Daisy Chain
or “Switched”
Star

Network Topology: Review

Redundant

Redundant will be discussed more
in Dante Certification Level 2

Some Dante devices will
have a control connection.

●

- iPad control of Mixer
- DSP Configuration
- Beam Forming Mic Config

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

SWITCH

INTERNAL

CONNECTION

REMOTE CTRL,
PROGRAMMING,
DSP CONFIG, ETC

192.168.1.15

192.168.1.21

Discrete Control Port

CONTROL

Control may be offered as either
a Discrete or Combined port

●

Network Connections: Control Ports

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

SWITCH

INTERNAL

CONNECTION

REMOTE CTRL,
PROGRAMMING,
DSP CONFIG, ETC

192.168.1.15

192.168.1.21

Combined Control Port

●

- iPad control of Mixer
- DSP Configuration
- Beam Forming Mic Config

Control may be offered as either
a Discrete or Combined port

●

Network Connections:

Some Dante devices will
have a control connection.

Control Ports

Dante devices can be connected in a daisy chain or through a switch.●

For devices that have more than one port, you can chain them.

Device Control ports might be separate or merged w Dante Primary.●

For devices with control functions, like DSPs, mixers, beam forming mics, etc.

Network Connections: Summary

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Tour of Dante Controller

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

- Dante is managed with friendly names, not obscure numbers.

Devices have names, even channels can be labelled for easier reading.

- When setting up a system, name first, then make subscriptions.

The names are used to remember subscriptions, not numbers or IP addresses.

Dante Names: Introduction

If you change names after making subscriptions, at the next
reboot, devices may show this symbol indicating it cannot locate
the device or channel – because it is looking for the old name.

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Latency

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

Latency:

Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.
e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system

Introduction

Latency:

Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.
e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system

Introduction

microsecond

millisecond

1
1,000second

1
1,000,000second

0.000001 second

0.001 second
msec

µsec

Latency:

Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.
e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system

Speed of Sound = 343 m/sec (1125 ft/sec)*

3m (10ft) away ≈ 10msec

10msec
(1-way)

Introduction

Speed of sound changes with temperature, humidity and other factors, but the given speed works for ballpark estimates in 20°C (68°F) at sea level.

Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.
e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system

Speed of Sound = 343 m/sec (1125 ft/sec)*

3m (10ft) away ≈ 10msec

20msec
(Round-Trip)

10msec
(1-way)

Latency: Introduction

Speed of sound changes with temperature, humidity and other factors, but the given speed works for ballpark estimates in 20°C (68°F) at sea level.

Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.
e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system

Latency: Introduction

Mixer: 1.0msec

0.25msec

Wireless Mic

3.0msec
In-Ear Mon

3.0msec

Δt = 7.5msec

Latency: Deterministic Latency

Dante
Latency

Receipt at
Dante Interface
Playout at
Dante Interface

Dante devices allow you to determine
latency performance. (0.1msec/switch hop is safe.)

Dante latency describes the time from a
transmitter accepting a signal until the
receiver plays it out.

Dante latency is imperceptible to
presenters and performers alike.

Phase alignment
better than 1µsec

Latency: Suggested Settings

A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec
per network switch “hop”.

Network
Latency

Receipt at
Dante Interface
Playout at
Dante Interface











0.5msec

If two devices in a subscription have
different default latency settings, the
longer of the two will be used.

0.25 msec
0.50 msec

1.00 msec
0.50 msec

0.50 msec

1.00 msec

Transmitter

Receiver

Playout

Outcomes of Mixed Default Latencies

Latency: Suggested Settings

A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec
per network switch “hop”.

If two devices in a subscription have
different default latency settings, the
longer of the two will be used.

0.25 msec
0.50 msec

1.00 msec
0.50 msec

0.50 msec

1.00 msec

Transmitter

Receiver

Playout

Outcomes of Mixed Default Latencies

0.5msec

0.25msec

0.5msec

1.0msec

Latency: Verifying Performance in Dante Controller

A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec
per network switch “hop”.

If two devices in a subscription have
different default latency settings, the
longer of the two will be used.

Dante Controller can show you the
latency performance of any connection.
Receiving “Device View” Latency Tab

Drummers can hear in headphones before direct sound from their drum.

●

≈ 1.44msec
Total System

≈ 0.7msec

0.25 msec

≈ 0.12 msec

OUT

8msec

At 4K/60, Dante can deliver video from HDMI to HDMI in a half frame.●

≈ 8msec
Dante AV System

Latency: Dante Performance

Including Codec

(2x)

Audio latency measurements at 96kHz, confirmed by staff at Focusrite and Allen & Heath.

≈ 1.777-2.333msec
Time for sound to travel 2’-2½’

Latency: Dante Video – Perfect Lip Sync

1 msec

Network

7 msec
Codec & Other Work

7 msec
Audio Buffer

MONITOR OUTHDMI INHDMI OUT

ETHERNET 1 / POE

48V DC IN

ETHERNET 2

AUDIO

VIDEO

HDMI

Video Wall

Blended Projection

Latency: Impeccable Frame Alignment

Everything has latency.●

Even the speed of sound and speed of light are quantifiable.

Typical Dante latency is 1.00msec or less - down to 0.25msec
●

This latency is not perceivable – seamless to presenter/performer.
A good rule of thumb for modest systems is 0.1msec per switch hop.

Latency: Summary

Dante AV maintains lip sync, even though essences are separate.●

The same latency is automatically negotiated for audio and video.
Dante AV automatically delays the audio to compensate for video codec latency.
Access to audio delay is provided in case your venue has a sync issue.

If latency settings don’t agree, it uses the longer of the Tx and Rx settings.

100

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Dante is Standard Networking

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

101

Standard Wired Network Solutions:

Dante uses COTS hardware.

No special hardware.

COTS means Commercial Off-The-Shelf

No special firmware.
No special settings.

If you are only using one switch and only running Dante...
an unmanaged, wide-open switch is a great place to start.

COTS Hardware

102

Dante uses COTS hardware.

COTS means Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Use your favorite brands:

Standard Wired Network Solutions: COTS Hardware

103

Dante uses COTS hardware.

COTS means Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Use managed and/or unmanaged switches:

Standard Wired Network Solutions: COTS Hardware

104

Standard Wired Network Solutions:

Unmanaged Switches
- Out-of-the-box, Plug-n-Play.
- Sufficient for small, dedicated audio systems.

Managed switches
- Allows for traffic separation and optimization.
- Scalable for large networks and video deployments.
- Interested? Continue to Level 2 after this class.

Dante works on either type.
- Dante designed to maximize unmanaged environments
- Dante offers hooks and tags for managed environments

Managed vs Unmanaged

105

Switch Features to Look for:

Provides capacity for higher channel counts.●

1Gbit Speed (or better)

Higher bandwidth improves clocking between devices.●

100Mbit

1Gbit

Time / Transmission Frames

Packet ready, waits for next
transmission opportunity

1Gbps or Faster

106

Switch Features to Look for:

PoE powers devices through
the Ethernet connection.

●

Devices follow a standard,
only pull required power.

●
2003

2009

2018

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

PoE

PoE+

PoE++

802.3af

802.3at

802.3bt

15W

30W

60W

100W

Year
Ratified

Descriptor
Informal
Name
Port-Supplied
Power

Standard

The “PoE Budget” lists the
total power available.

●

Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)

PoE

107

Switch Features to Look for:

PoE powers devices through
the Ethernet connection.

●

Devices follow a standard,
only pull required power.

●

The “PoE Budget” lists the
total power available.

●

Reserve ≈ 20% for power
loss and some headroom.

●

Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)

PoE

PoE Draw

PoE Budget

108

PoE Budget Estimation

802.3at
25.5W full draw (ea)

802.3af
3W draw
3.0W
25.5W
25.5W

54.0W
10.8W

64.8W

20% Reserve

Draw

PoE Budget

109

Switch Features to Look for:

Known by several names

Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE), Green Ethernet, 802.3az

●

Intended to reduce energy
consumption of network switches.

●

Known to cause data interruptions,
problematic for any real-time network.

●

Energy Efficient Ethernet (Disable)

If EEE is engaged, network may work
most of the time, with random hiccups.

●

Most switches have EEE, but many
can disable it with a setting.

●

EEE Disable

110

About Neutrik etherCON Connections

Neutrik etherCON photos: https://www.neutrik.com/en/products/data/ethercon

Neutrik etherCON connectors are standard RJ45
adding a rugged, locking “Cannon” shell.

●

etherCON supported by product chassis.

111

About Neutrik etherCON Connections

Neutrik etherCON connectors are standard RJ45
adding a rugged, locking “Cannon” shell.

●

Normal RJ45 cable can connect to etherCON.●

RJ45 often supported by PCB

Opened switch photo:https://youtu.be/JS0Rp7qxWTY?t=563

etherCON supported by product chassis.

112

Standard Wired Network Solutions:

CAT5e or better will deliver 1Gbps at 100m lengths.
Do not use CAT5 – it was only rated for 100Mbps speeds.

CAT5e or better is suggested.●

Cabling

CAT5

100Mbps

Cable

Tx Speed

CAT5e

1Gbps

CAT6

1Gbps

CAT6A

10Gbps

113

Standard Wired Network Solutions:

Fiber is appropriate for longer runs.
300m is a typical starting point, some parts can go many kilometers

We can also use Fiber Optics●

Cabling

SFP Slots

114

Standard Wired Network Solutions:

Fiber is appropriate for longer runs.
300m is a typical starting point, some parts can go many kilometers

We can also use Fiber Optics●

Cabling

115

WiFi is not supported for media streams.

WiFi is less reliable and lower bandwidth than wired solutions.

Supported for Dante Controller: Control & Monitoring

Not supported for Dante Audio/Video streams

There are wireless products that link to Dante…

Wireless mics/body packs, IEM Receivers
AKG, Audio Technica, Lectrosonics, Sennheiser, Shure, Sony
5GHz Spanning
Neutrik

FM Transmitter, IR Transmitter, WiFi
Williams AV / Williams Sound

Bluetooth
AtteroTech, Audinate,
Elytone, Williams Sound

116

Core IP Settings:

Devices in your subnet will be contacted locally.

IP Address and Your Subnet

192.168.0.101
192.168.0.105

LAN

SWITCH

192.168.0.119

192.

168

101

192.

168

___

IP Address

The devices on
my local network
should start with

DHCP

117

Core IP Settings:

Devices in your subnet will be contacted locally.

IP Address and Your Subnet

192.168.0.101
192.168.0.105

LAN

SWITCH

192.168.0.119

192.

168

101

255.

255

192.

168

___

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

subnet - the range of IP addresses
found on your local network.

DHCP

192.

168

Gateway

118

Core IP Settings:

Devices in your subnet will be contacted locally.

192.

168

101

255.

255

192.

168

___

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

subnet - the range of IP addresses
found on your local network.

192.

168

Gateway

IP Address and Your Subnet

119

Core IP Settings:

Devices in your subnet will be contacted locally.

192.

168

101

255.

255

192.

168

___

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

subnet - the range of IP addresses
found on your local network.

192.

168

Gateway

IP Address and Your Subnet

120

Core IP Settings:

There are ranges of IP address available for use on your local network.

192.168.0.101
192.168.0.105

LAN

SWITCH

192.168.0.119

192.

168

10 .

__
172.

.
16-31
.

Address
Ranges

Local

DHCP

Local Address Ranges

121

Core IP Settings:

There are ranges of IP address available for use on your local network.

10.156.217.101
10.156.217.105

LAN

SWITCH

10.156.217.11
9

192.

168

10 .

__
172.

.
16-31
.

Address
Ranges

Local

DHCP

Local Address Ranges

Beginner’s safe rule: Do not
end your IP address in 0 or 255.

122

Core IP Settings:

Dante devices support Static or Automatic (DHCP, Link Local) Addressing

Automatic Addressing, Link Local

169.

254

167

255.

255

169.

254

Automatic Addressing:
Looks for DHCP Server.
If none found, revert to Link Local.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

Link Local: Randomly picks an
address in 169.254.__.__.

123

Core IP Settings:

Dante devices support Static or Automatic (DHCP, Link Local) Addressing

Automatic Addressing, Link Local

169.

254

167

255.

255

169.

254

Automatic Addressing:
Looks for DHCP Server.
If none found, revert to Link Local.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

Link Local: Randomly picks an
address in 169.254.__.__.

169.254.15.167
169.254.119.21

LAN

SWITCH

169.254.137.201

124

125

Dante uses standard network switches and cabling.●

No special firmware required – use your favorite brands.

Dante can use managed or unmanaged switches.●

Small, dedicated networks may not need configuration.

Networking: Summary

If you need to join a managed network, Dante is prepared to do that, as well.

Dante media doesn’t cross WiFi, but Dante control does. ●

Different wireless technologies solve different wireless issues – use the right tool.

We suggest: 1Gbps or faster, Power over Ethernet (PoE), Disable EEE

IP addressing ranges reserved for Local Area Networks●

Safe rule: Don’t end your IP address in 0 or 255.
If DHCP server is not present, automatic addressing reverts to Link Local.

126

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Dante Links to a Computer

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

127

Dante to a Computer

Cubase

ProTools

Nuendo

Premiere

QLab

Figure 53® and QLab® are registered trademarks of Figure 53, LLC. Audinate is not affiliated with Figure 53, LLC and the Dante Certification program has not been reviewed nor is it approved by Figure 53, LLC

128

Dante to a Computer

Any 1Gbps
wired port

Cubase

ProTools

Nuendo

Premiere

QLab

129

ASIO (up to 64x64) or WDM (16x16)

Low Latency
Great for DAWs and live performance

Simple & Lean

No frills audio input/output

Flexible Channel Count
Adjustable in Size from 2x2 to 64x64

Core Audio (up to 64x64)

Dante to a Computer: Dante Virtual Soundcard (DVS)

130

Processing & Repatching

Route signal between objects in the computer.

Dynamic Sizing

ASIO (32x32), WDM (16x16)

Medium Latency
The Processing takes time.

Expose any sound source or destination.

Core Audio (up to 32x32)

Take a Dante input to a USB Interface Output.

Cubase

16x16 to any program or device, 32x32 in total.

Dante to a Computer: Dante Via

Sample Rate Converts everything to 48kHz

Demonstration of Dante Via for Production Conferencing Applications: https://vimeo.com/475042691

131

Dante Virtual Soundcard

Straight-Thru Interface, more I/O

Dante Via

Routing between audio objects
Mixing signals
Sample Rate Conversion

Minimal Control/Set-up

Internal Routing Functionality

Low latency

Modest latency

However, a single computer can only run one at a time.

A single computer can have DVS and Dante Via installed simultaneously.

Dante to a Computer: Summary – DVS vs Dante Via

132

Dante to a Computer: Dante Application Library (DAL)

Software can include a virtual Dante interface built-in with DAL:

Demonstration of Dante Via for Production Conferencing Applications: https://vimeo.com/425574576

Dante Application Library

133

Dante to a Computer

USB Type-C 2x2 I/O (24-bit 48kHz)

-Ideal for Smartphones and Tablets
-Provides USB 5V Power while connects
-Plug any device into the Dante Network

USB Bluetooth 1x2 I/O (24-bit 48kHz)

-Stream Stereo audio wirelessly via Bluetooth
-Receive or send audio from/to the Network
-Use Bluetooth mic/speakers as Dante Tx/Rx

… or a Mobile Device

134

Dante to a Computer: Professional Recording

ProTools

128x128 @ 24-bit, 96kHz

Available from
Focusrite, SSL and Yamaha

Focusrite is a fixed configuration, linkable.
Apogee and Avid solutions are card cages.

PCIe-R Soundcard

ProTools I/O

135

Dante Virtual Soundcard and Dante Via●

Software that simulates a soundcard, uses any 1Gbps wired port.

Dante Application Library (DAL)●

Dante virtual interface is built-in to some applications.

Hardware Products for Professional Recording●

Redundant network support, high channel counts and sample rates.

USB and Bluetooth I/O for computer or Mobile Devices●

Better interfaces for Conferencing, Health Clubs and other Consumer Interfaces

Dante to a Computer: Summary

136

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Conclusion

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

137

The Certification Mini Tests

Networking



Digital Video



The Dante Platform



Digital Audio



Digital Audio

Digital Video

Networking

Dante Solution

100%

80%

20%

40%

60%

138

The Certification Mini Tests

Networking



Digital Video



The Dante Platform



Digital Audio



Digital Audio

Digital Video

Networking

Dante Solution

100%

80%

20%

40%

60%

139

Dante Level 1 Certificate and Seal

Certificate Available Immediately

Seal Available Within 2 Weeks

Once you pass all tests…

140

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Finish

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

2nd Ed.

LEVEL

Introduction

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

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