Year 10 Periodic Table And Atoms Revision

Year 10 Atomic structure and Periodic table test Revision

The proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge.

​​Proton

The neutron is a subatomic particle with a neutral charge.

Neutron

​The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge.

Electron

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons contained inside the nucleus.

​​Atomic Mass

Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Isotope

An Ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons.

​​Ion

This is a neutral carbon atom meaning it has an equal number of protons and electrons in the atom.

​​Carbon-12

Carbon-13 is an isotope of carbon which has an atom mass of 13 giving it the name carbon-13. It is higher in mass because this isotope has one more neutron inside the nucleus.

Carbon-13

Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon which has an atom mass of 14 giving it the name carbon-14. It is higher in mass because this isotope has two more neutron inside the nucleus.

Carbon-14

Electron configuration is the way electrons are distributed throughout the atoms shells. For example oxygens electron would be 2,6 meaning 2 electrons on the inner most shell and six electrons in the second shell/outer shell the outer shell can also be called the valence shell.

​​Electron Configuration

​A valence electron is an electron that is positioned on the outer most shell of an atom this shell can also be called the valence shell.

Valence Electron

First shell - 2 electrons
Second shell - 8 electrons
Third shell - 8 electrons can be 18 when you get to bigger elements, but not for what we are doing.

​

Energy Levels

How does electron configuration relate to period table groups?

Electron configuration relates to period table groups because of the valence electrons (outer most electrons on the atoms shells), groups show the number of valence electrons in that vertical row of atoms.

This symbol means that an oxygen atom has gained two electrons meaning it now has a negative two charge because their are two more electrons than protons.

​O2-

This symbol means that a magnesium atom has lost two electrons meaning it now has a positive two charge because their are two more protons than electrons.

Mg2+

What ion symbols mean?

The periods indicate the number of electron shells the atoms have in that period. Periods are the horizontal rows that relate.

Periods

The groups indicate the number of valence electrons the atoms in that group has. Groups are the vertical rows that relate.

Groups

How is electron configuration related to groups and periods?

How is Ion charge related to the group number?

Why don't Noble gases form ions and why are they unreactive?

Noble gases don't form ions and are unreactive because they have a full shell of valence electrons on their valence shell this means they don't lose or gain electrons. They are already stable atoms.

Why are Alkali-metals so reactive?

Alkali-metals are so reactive because they want to become a stable element. Since they only have one electron to remove from their valence shell they can do this really quick and they are usually found as ionic compounds in nature except for hydrogen.

• Dull

• Brittle

• Not Strong

• Bad Conductors

• Mostly Liquids And Gases at room temperature

Non-Metals

• Shiny

• Malleable

• Ductile

• Good Conductors

• Solid at room temperature

​Metals

Properties of metals and Properties of non-metals