7.3.2-Changes in State

7.PS.1.6

How is temperature related to particle motion?

Energy

The ability to cause change

The ability to do work( force x distance)

Forms of Energy

There are 7 forms of energy:

• Mechanical

• Thermal

• Chemical

• Light

• Sound

• Nuclear

• Electric

Potential Energy

Is energy that is stored and waiting to be transferred.

It is the energy that an object has based on its height and position.

Potential Energy = mass x height x gravity

(P.E) =(m) (h) (m/s²)

Potential Energy

The higher the object, the greater the potential energy

Examples of potential Energy

Examples of potential energy:

standing on top of a diving board

Examples of Potential Energy

• Standing at the edge of a diving board (gravitational p.e)

• A vase on the top shelf of a book shelf (gravitational p.e)

• Energy stored in your food (chemical p.e)

• Stretch rubberband (elastic p.e)

• An inflated balloon

• When your ferris wheel cart is at the top

• When you sit in that sack/rug at the top of the top of the giant slide at the fair (gravitational p.e)

Examples of Potential Energy

• That nuclear bomb that you used on the other team during CoD also had a type of nuclear potential energy stored in the particles within the nucleus of atoms

• Yes...seriously...it was nuclear potential energy stored and you were able to use it with a score steak

Multiple Choice

What is potential energy?

• The energy an object has due to its position or condition.

• The energy an object has due to its motion.

• The energy an object has due to its chemical composition.

• The energy as object has due to its atomic structure.

Multiple Choice

You throw a ball into the air as shown in the diagram. At what point does the ball have the most potential energy?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

Kinetic Energy

the amount of energy an object has due to its motion

Kinetic Energy

Examples of Kinetic Energy

• a boulder rolling down a hill

• a basketball falling to a net

• a moving car

• a glass falling on the floor

• an airplane in flight

• Riding a bike

Multiple Choice

On a roller coaster, where is maximum kinetic energy?

• At the bottom of a big hill
• When going around a corner
• When going upside down
• At the top of a big hill

Multiple Choice

When a pendulum swings, at which point is kinetic energy highest?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

The faster an object moves, the ________ kinetic energy it has. 

• more
• less
• none of the above
• all of the above 

Multiple Choice

Energy due to motion is ____________ energy. 

• Potential 
• Energy
• Kinetic
• Friction

Multiple Choice

Which particle arrangement represents a gaseous state?

Multiple Choice

When heat energy is added to water in a pot on a stove, what changes occur to the water?

• Particles move slower, and temperature decreases.

• Particles move faster, and temperature decreases.

• Particles move faster, and temperature increases.

• Particles move slower, and temperature increases.

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the particle vibration of an unknown substance in a container. Which substance can likely be represented by the motion of the particles in the diagram?

• water vapor

• water

• oil

• ice

Multiple Choice

An ice cube is placed in a glass, where it slowly begins to melt. What is true about the motion of the particles in the ice cube as it changes states?

• The particle motion remains the same.

• The particle motion decreases.

• The particle motion increases.

• The particle motion stops.

Multiple Choice

The image shows three particle arrangements for water. How can the phases be classified?

• ice,

  liquid water, water vapor

• liquid water, ice,

  water vapor

• water vapor, ice, liquid water

• water vapor, liquid water, ice

Multiple Choice

A student reads three statements from a science book.

The student uses the information to make a particle model representing the molecules of water in the

three states: ice, water, and water vapor. Which model is correct?

STORED energy

or

Energy that is ready to be released.

​

Potential Energy

Match

Match the following terms to the correct definition

• Kinetic Energy

• Potential Energy

• Work

• Force

Energy in motion

Stored energy

Force that causes motion

A push or pull

• Energy in motion

• Stored energy

• Force that causes motion

• A push or pull

How are temperature and thermal energy different?

Multiple Choice

When we measure the TEMPERATURE of something, we are measuring the _________ kinetic energy of all of the particles in that substance.

• AVERAGE

• TOTAL

Multiple Choice

When we add heat to a substance, its particles begin to speed up, which ________ their kinetic energy.

• does nothing to

• decreases

• increases

Multiple Choice

When we measure the THERMAL ENERGY of an object, we are measuring the _________ kinetic energy of all of the particles in that substance.

• AVERAGE

• TOTAL

Multiple Choice

The more particles at a given temperature, the ______ thermal energy.

• LESS

• MORE

What happens to thermal energy when matter changes
from one state to another?

Multiple Select

What are the 3 states of matter we have been learning about?

• solid

• sauce

• gum

• gas

• liquid

Multiple Choice

Which arrow shows melting?

• A

• B

Multiple Choice

Which arrow shows freezing?

• A

• B

What is a change in State?

• Boiling

– A rapid change from a

liquid to a gas (vapor)

– Boiling Point

• The temperature at

which this occurs in
liquid water.

100°C
212°F

I will be able to explain what a change in state is

and describe how matter changes state.

Multiple Choice

What is the boiling point of water?

• 0 degrees Celsius

• 100 degrees Celsius

• 212 degrees Celsius

• 32 degrees Celsius

Multiple Choice

Which arrow shows evaporating?

• A

• B

Multiple Choice

Which change is happening?

• Evaporating

• Condensing

Multiple Choice

Which change is happening?

• Evaporating

• Condensing

What is a change in state?
• Vaporization

– Process by which liquids

or solids change to a gas.

I will be able to explain what a change in state is

and describe how matter changes state.

– Particles vibrate faster

when heat is added causing
a change in state

What is a change in state?
• Sublimation

– Change in state from a solid

directly into a gas. (skips
liquid phase)

• Add heat
• Atoms gain energy
• Escape into the air as a gas.
• Example: Dry Ice

I will be able to explain what a change in state is

and describe how matter changes state.

Multiple Choice

What process happens when an ice cube changes
from a solid to a liquid?

• melting

• boiling

• vaporization

Multiple Choice

What change of state occurs in sublimation?

• solid to gas, skips liquid

• gas to liquid, no solid

• liquid to solid, no gas

• solid to liquid, no gas

What is a change in state?
• Deposition

– Change in state from a

gas directly to a solid.

• Substance cools.
• Atoms lose energy
• No liquid forms in the

process.

• Example:

– Water vapor turns into

ice crystals.

I will be able to explain what a change in state is

and describe how matter changes state.

States of Water

Water is one of the few things that is found in nature as a solid, liquid and a gas

Solid Water - Ice

• When water freezes, it expands or gets bigger.

• Molecules vibrate back and forth but do not move to different positions.

• Ice floats in water because 

       it is less dense.

Liquid - Water

• molecules move freely so sometimes they

  bump into each other.

• most things dissolve in water which makes water the universal solvent.

• greatest range of temperatures

  very cold water to very hot water.

Gas - Water Vapor

• molecules move quickly and far apart.

• water in a gas state is called water vapor.

Multiple Choice

When water freezes, does it expands (gets bigger) or contract (get smaller)?

• expands

• contracts

Multiple Choice

Ice is ____ than liquid water.

• more dense

• less dense

Multiple Choice

This state has the greatest range in temperatures.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

True or False: molecules in the liquid state vibrate back and forth but don't move positions.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Water vapor (gas) - molecules move quickly and are far apart.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Condensation is ____

• gas to a liquid

• liquid to a gas

• gas to a solid

Multiple Choice

Evaporation is

• gas to a liquid

• liquid to a gas

• solid to a gas

Dropdown

When the rock falls, what happens to its kinetic energy? ​

Select answer

Dropdown

When the rock falls, what happens to the sum (total) energy? ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

The Law of Conservation of Energy states:

• Energy can created or destroyed but not transformed

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only transformed

• Energy can't be created, destroyed or transformed

Match

Match the following

Radiant Energy

Chemical Energy

Sound Energy

Thermal Energy

Nuclear Energy

• Radiant Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Sound Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Nuclear Energy

Poll

How do you feel about today's lesson

• Im not sure I understand it

• I think I get it but need more practice

• I did good I am happy

• I am very happy this is easy