Revision Lesson- Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table

Chemical/Physical Properties and Changes

Physical Properties

• Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties describes how a substance reacts to other substances.

The question to ask!

Are these properties determined without changing the identity of the substance?

Multiple Choice

Water (H₂O) freezes at zero degrees celsius. Is freezing an example physical or chemical property?

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

An iron nail is left outside on the porch exposed and rusts. Is rusting an example of a physical or chemical property?

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

An object catches on fire. Is this flammability an example of physical or chemical property?

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

The smell and taste of vanilla is very strong. Are odor and taste examples of a physical or chemical properties?

• physical property

• chemical property

Physical Changes

Physical changes have the same identity but change in physical state or appearance.

Can you get the original substance back?

Chemical Changes

Chemical changes involve how substances react to other substances.

Chemical changes create new substances. (Not just changes in appearance.)

Can you get the original substance back?

Multiple Choice

Is baking a cake a physical or chemical change?

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Is burning wood in a campfire a physical or chemical change?

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Is dissolving sugar into water a physical or chemical change?

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Is boiling water a physical or chemical change?

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Which of the following determines the identity of the element? (if you know this, then you can find out which element it is)

• The number of protons

• The mass

• The number of neutrons

• The number of electrons

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents an electron?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

What is the mass of this atom?

• 10

• 9

• 6

• 3

Explanation

The mass can be different, even with the same element. For example, Carbon usually has a mass of about 12 amu, but there are carbons with a mass of 13 and even 14 amu. Electrons usually equal the protons, but electrons can be gained or lossed by an atom (ions)

​Calculating the number of subatomic particles

​1. electrons = atomic number

​

​2. protons = atomic number

​

​3. neutrons - mass (rounded to the nearest whole #)- atomic number

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons are in an atom of Fluorine?

• 9

• 10

• 11

• 12

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons?

• 7

• 3

• 4

• 10

The Periodic Table helps us draw Bohr models:

​The period (left to right) number tells us how many electron shells the atom has:

​a. Find Ca --> since Ca is in period 4 it will have 4 electron shells

​b. Now find Pb --> since Pb is in period 6 it will have 6 electron shells

Multiple Choice

The group number helps us identify how many ______ an element has.

• valence electrons

• electron shells

• protons

• neutrons

Multiple Choice

The element Mg has how many valence electrons?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

​In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are found outside the nucleus in different shells or energy levels. The way electrons are placed in their electron shells is called electron configuration or simply electron arrangement. Number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom is called valence electrons. These are the electrons that are either transferred or shared with other atoms during chemical reactions.

​Rules

​(Note: These rules apply only for the first 20 elements)

• ​The first shell, the one closest to the nucleus, can hold only a maximum of 2 electrons.

• ​The second and third shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

• ​Any extra electrons are placed in the fourth shell.

• ​Inner shells are filled before any electrons are placed in the outer shell.

Multiple Choice

State the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the first electron shell of an atom.

• 1

• 2

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

State the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the second electron shell of an atom.

• 2

• 8

• 16

• 24

Multiple Choice

State the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the third electron shell of an atom.

• 2

• 14

• 16

• 8

Multiple Choice

A chlorine atom has 17 electrons. Its electron configuration must be:

• 2. 8. 7

• 10. 7

• 3. 7. 7

• 8. 2. 7

Multiple Choice

The electron arrangement of a calcium atom can be written as 2. 8. 8. 2. What must be the atomic number of calcium?

• 40

• 20

• 2

• 18

Multiple Choice

How would you draw a Lewis dot diagram for Magnesium?

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Aluminum Have?

• 1 Valence electron

• 2 Valence electron

• 3 Valence electron

• 4 Valence electron

• 5 Valence electron

Let's Review How to Read the Periodic Table

Multiple Choice

The period in the periodic table are…

• The vertical columns of the periodic table

• The horizontal rows of the periodic table.

Multiple Choice

Group or family on the periodic table is….

• The vertical columns of the periodic table

• The horizontal rows of the periodic table.

Multiple Choice

Most of the elements on the periodic table are non-metals.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which elements are found on the left to middle of The Periodic Table?

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

• Candles

Properties Of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

• Metals have luster, are malleable, are ductile, good conductors, mostly solids

• Nonmetals are brittle, mostly gases, they are insulators or poor conductors

• Metalloids have properties of both - for example semi conductors

Multiple Select

Choose all of the properties that relate to metals

• Luster

• Dull

• Malleable

• Brittle

• Good Conductors

Who Am I?????

Using the notes, clues, and a periodic table determine "who" each of the unknown elements are. When typing in an elemet use the atomic symbol, if it is a family use the full name that was provided in todays notes.

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