Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles

Multiple Choice

All living things are either unicellular or multicellular

• True

• False

Two Main Types of Cells:

Prokaryotic: Rhymes with "NO"

-Defined as a cell that DOES NOT have a nucleus

Eukaryotic: Rhymes with "DO"

-Defined as a cell that DOES have a nucleus

Multiple Choice

A Prokaryote is an organism that...

• lacks DNA

• lacks a nucleus

• is the better type of cell

• unicellular

Multiple Choice

A Eukaryote is like YOU because they all have....

• skin giving it shape

• chloroplast or

  chlorophyll

• many cells

• a nucleus

Multiple Choice

Structures in your cells that have specific functions, like your organs, are called...

• cell parts

• functionelles

• organelles

• organs

​​Organelles

Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.

Multiple Choice

What is an organelle?

• a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ

• groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function

• a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function

• a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism's body

Organelles Found in the Cell:

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuoles

• Cell Wall

• Chloroplast

• Ribosome

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Smooth ER

  • Rough ER

• Golgi Apparatus

• Lysosomes

• Cilia & Flagella

NUCLEUS

Functions:

- Protects DNA which controls cell activities. 

Analogy: Human Brain

- Contains DNA 

DNA is the location in which our genetic information is located. This info. includes hair, eye color, Etc.
-- All Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus

​Cell Membrane

All cells have it. It is the outside boundary that separates the cell from the environment.

​​

​

"Hey border patrol let the water and food inside we need need them, but don't let the Corona Virus in we don't need that."

Cell Membrane:

Supports & protects the cell 

Controls movement of nutrients (water, carbon dioxide, oxygen) 

Maintains homeostasis (BALANCE) 

Analogy: The classroom door, this allow students to come in and out of the classroom.

In ALL Cells

Multiple Choice

Which part of a phospholipid is on the OUTSIDE of the membrane, making contact with water?

• Phosphate Head

• Lipid Tails

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell"?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

Mitochondria:

Function:

Powerhouse of the cell 

Breaks down food (sugar) molecules into energy 

Analogy: Light switch in the classroom, powers the lights to the room.

In All Eukaryotic Cells

Cytoplasm:

Function:

Holds the organelles in place

Support and protect the organelles

Analogy: Jell-O with fruit in the center, if you wiggle the Jell-O the fruit is protected and stays in place

Vacuoles:

Function:

Stores food, water, and waste

 

Plant: One, LARGE

Animal: Many & SMALL

Analogy: The cabinet in the classroom

In All Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Wall:

Function: Rigid exterior layer

Supports & protects the cell; gives it shape 

Does NOT control the movement of nutrients in and out of the cell

Analogy: The brick wall outside of the school

Plants, Bacteria, Fungi & Algae

Chloroplast:

Function:

Uses energy from the sun to make food through the process of photosynthesis

Converts sunlight (radiant) energy into chemical energy (sugar)

Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

Analogy: A greenhouse in a city

Plants & Algae

​ALL CELLS!

​Eukaryotic Cells

​Eukaryotic Cells

​Eukaryotic Cells

This is the critical sequence of organelles that help to create proteins

• Nucleus stores the DNA which codes for how to make proteins

• Nucleolus creates the material to make ribosomes

• Rough ER serves as housing for the ribosomes

• Ribosomes serve to create proteins

• Golgi Apparatus packages and ships proteins where they need to go

Multiple Choice

Which of these is involved in protein production?

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

​Animal Cells Only

Organelle Structure & Function

How does organelle structure influence function?

​Remember that -

​

Structure refers to the Shape/ Description

​

Function is the organelles Job

​

​The following questions will help you relate the function and structure.

You have learned about all the different cell organelles. They all look different and have different functions.

Think of products that you use every day...

Everything you use is built with a specific structure so that it can perform its function.

• Shoes are designed to fit and support your feet.

• A bike is designed with pedals to move the wheels.

• A hair brush is designed with bristles to detangle your hair.

• Gloves are designed to fit your fingers and keep hands warm

If the structure of those things changes, it can no longer perform the function.

• Shoes are designed to fit and support your feet.

  • If you get holes in the soles of your shoes-- no longer works

• A bike is designed with pedals to move the wheels.

  • If the pedals/chain breaks, the wheels no longer move

• A hair brush is designed with bristles to detangle your hair.

  • If the bristles of a hair brush break or change shape-- no longer works

• Gloves are designed to fit your fingers and keep hands warm

  • If the shape of the glove changes/no longer fits-- does not work

STRUCTURE = FUNCTION

Similarly, in biology, the structure of something is always connected to the function. Everything is designed to perform its function. Let's think about cell organelle structure and function

​Cristae-- Folds inside the mitochondria
Matrix-- Fluid inside the mitochondria

*The folds of the cirstae provide more surface area for reactions. More space to make energy!

Mitochondria

​Nucleolus-- makes ribosomes
Nucleus-- holds DNA; like a container
Membrane protects DNA
Pores allow certain things in and out

Nucleus

Structure = Function

Multiple Choice

Why does the mitochondria have folds?

• To provide more space for chemical reactions/energy production

• To fit better in the cell

• To provide liquid in the mitochondria

Rough ER-Folds/tubes that can guide proteins, with ribosomes to make proteins

Smooth ER-- folds/tubes that guide lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum(s)

-Twisted like a latter to hold more information / instructions
-Able to split in half to replicate itself
-Nitrogen Bases held together with weak hydrogen bonds easily broken & reattached

DNA

Structure = Function

​-Made of smaller units called phospholipids
-Acts as a barrier for the cell
-Can allow certain things through the phospholipids, and keep other things out
-Flexible

Cell membrane

-Gel inside the cell
-Supports all organelles in cell-- needs to be thick but flexible
-Provides space for movement and chemical reactions

Cytoplasm

Structure = Function

Multiple Choice

What if the cytoplasm was more like water instead of gel?

• It would have a better structure to support organelles.

• It would not have the right structure to support organelles.

• Nothing would change.

Multiple Choice

Why does the cell membrane need to be flexible?

• To make it easier for the cell to move around.

• To keep things out of the cell.

• To allow certain things in and out of the cell.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Nucleus?

• Structure: The Jelly-like material that is within the cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane.

  Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy

• Structure: A large, oval-shaped structure that is enclosed in a membrane.

  Function: Contains the genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Vacuole?

• Structure: Large, round sac that is filled with fluid

  Function: Stores water, food, or waste materials for the cell

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes

  Function: Gives support to the organelles within the cell

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Mitochondria?

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes.

  Function: Breaks down sugars to release energy in a form usable by the cell; the powerhouse of the cell.

• Structure: Green, oval-shaped structure that contains chlorophyll

  Function: Regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell, protects and gives some structure.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Cell Membrane?

• Structure: A porous, thin tissue that forms the outer surface of the cytoplasm.

  Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy.

• Structure: A porous, thin tissue that forms the outer surface of the cytoplasm.

  Function: Regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell, protects and gives some structure.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Cytoplasm?

• Structure: The Jelly-like material that is within the cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane.

  Function: Gives support to the organelles within the cell.

• Structure: A porous, thin tissue that forms the outer surface of the cytoplasm.

  Function: Contains the genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Chloroplast?

• Structure: Green, oval-shaped structure that contains chlorophyll

  Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy.

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes.

  Function: Contains the genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell.

Plant vs Animal Cells

Which organelles belong to each type of cell?

Plant vs. Animal Cell:

Plant and animal cells all have 4 major differences:

1. Plant cells have a few large vacuoles while animal have many small vacuoles

2. Plant cell contain a cell wall while a animal cell DOES NOT

3. Plant cells contain chloroplast and animal cells DO NOT

4. Animal cells have lysosomes and plant cells DO NOT

On the next slide identify the organelles labeled as A, B, C, and D.

Which cell is known as the animal cell? Answer on the next slide.

Multiple Choice

Which cell is known as an animal cell?

• Cell #1

• Cell #2

Multiple Select

Select ALL of the following organelles that are found in animal cells:

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cell Wall

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Which model is a Animal Cell?

Multiple Choice

Which model is a Plant Cell?

Multiple Select

Check mark all that apply. How can you tell the difference between a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell? (Hint there's more than one right answer)

• Plants Cells have Mitochondria and Animal Cells do not

• Plant cells have a Cell Wall and Animals cells do not

• Animal cells have many, small Vacuoles. Plant cells have one large Vacuole.

• Animal cells do not have Chloroplast, but Plant cells do.

• Plant cells have a square shape and Animal cells have a circle shape.

Multiple Choice

Only plant cells have these organelles that uses sunlight to create glucose

• chloroplast

• lysosome

• golgi apparatus

• endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

What type of cell make it own food?

• Animal Cell

• Plant Cell

Multiple Choice

These animal cell organelles are cleaners that break down large molecules and digest bacteria

• ribosomes

• golgi bodies/apparatus

• endoplasmic reticulum

  smooth and rough

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Both animals and plant cells have a cell wall?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What type of cell have an oval or circular shape?

• Animal

• Plant

Multiple Select

What type of cells do you find ribosomes in?

• Prokaryotes

• Animal Cells

• Plant cells

Multiple Select

Which of the following are present in plant cells but NOT animal cells

• Cell Wall

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Chloroplast

• Lysosomes

Multiple Choice

What is the largest organelle in the plant cell? It is surrounded by a membrane, contains water, and functions to hold materials and wastes.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Cell Wall

• Central Vacuole

Multiple Select

Which of the following are present in animal cells but NOT plant cells

• Cilia/flagella

• Mitochondria

• Lysosomes

• Vacuoles

Review!

Practice answering these questions based on what you previously learned!

Multiple Select

Which of the following are present in prokaryotes but NOT eukaryotes

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• Vacuoles

• None of these

Multiple Choice

What do you call the tiny cell structures inside a cell that carry out a specific function within the cell?

• Biomolecules

• Organelles

• Cells

• Atoms

Multiple Choice

What is the cell's control center that directs all activities of the cell?

• Nucleolus

• City Hall

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

What organelle contains almost all of the DNA of the cell?

• Nucleolus

• City Hall

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?

• vacuole

• ribosome

• endoplasmic reticulum

• golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the Golgi Body (apparatus)?

• Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.

• Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell

• Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell

• Stack of membranes that packages and ships chemicals

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Plasma membrane

• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Plasma membrane

• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

What is a sac-like structure used to store water and nutrients? These are much larger in plant cells?

• Lysosomes

• Mitochondria

• Vacuoles

• Golgi Body

Multiple Choice

What organelle helps with cell digestion?

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

• Golgi Complex

• ER

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the nucleus?

• Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.

• Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell

• Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell

• Stack of membranes that packages and ships chemicals

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?

• ER

• ATP

• YOLO

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What structure, found in both animal and plant cells, is responsible for storage of water, food, and waste?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

What is this cell structure?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Vacuole

• Golgi apparatus

• Cell (Plasma) membrane

Multiple Choice

What are the 2 primary components of the plasma membrane?

• Carbs and proteins

• Phospholipids and proteins

• Nucleic acids and phospholipids

• Amino acids and carbs

Multiple Choice

What cell structure is responsible for determining which things can enter or leave the cell?

• Mitochondria

• Cytoskeleton

• Cell/Plasma Membrane

• Centriole

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What membrane-bound organelle, found in all Eukaryotic cells, is responsible for producing energy for the cell from the break down of glucose (sugar)?

• Mitochondria

• Cytoskeleton

• Cell/Plasma Membrane

• Centriole

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What membrane-bound organelle, found in Plant cells and some Protists, is responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into glucose (sugar)?

• Mitochondria

• Cytoskeleton

• Cell/Plasma Membrane

• Centriole

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

A rigid layer that lies outside the cell's  membrane and provides protection and support for the cell is known as ...

• Cytoskeleton

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Plant cells are able to produce their own food by absorbing light energy. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

Multiple Choice

What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP?

• Ribosomes

• Vesicles

• Cytoskeleton

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by allowing materials in and out of the cell?

• Mitochondria

• Cell (Plasma) membrane

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle. Does a prokaryotic cell contain a membrane-bound organelles?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Plant and animal cells are both types of ____ cells.

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for producing energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

• Cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What is the jelly-like substance that surrounds other cell structures and helps things move around the cell?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Chlorophyll

• Cytoplasm

• Centriole

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Chlorophyll

• Cytoplasm

• Centriole

Multiple Choice

The function of a cell membrane is to control....

• what goes into a cell

• what leaves a cell

• what enters and leaves a cell

• the temperature of a cell

Multiple Choice

In order for your cells to have energy _________ and __________ have to enter the cell membrane.

• carbon dioxide and water

• glucose and oxygen

• peanutbutter and jelly

• glucose and carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Cytoplasm is composed of ....

• salt

• jelly

• water

• salt and water

Multiple Choice

Which cell organelle is a storage tank for nutrients, water and waste? (Larger in plants)

• nucleus

• vacuole

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which cell organelle commands cell functions and holds DNA?

• nucleus

• vacuole

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which cell organelle is the power house of the cell. Turns glucose and oxygen to ENERGY?

• nucleus

• vacuole

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which cell organelle creates protein. They are found in the Rough ER and cytoplasm.

• nucleus

• vacuole

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What part of the cell job is storage ?

• Vacoule

• nucleus

• chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What part of the cell is know as the Brain of the cell?

• Mitocondria

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

• Organelles

Multiple Choice

Name the jelly like structure that keep all organelles inside the cell.

• Cell wall

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

• Vacuole