Physical Science 3-2: Arranging Elements

​3-2: Arranging Elements

Multiple Choice

All matter is made of what?

• energy

• atoms

• electrons

• compounds

Multiple Choice

The state of matter where Particles are loosely packed and can flow over each other at MEDIUM speed! Has an indefinite shape.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Drag and Drop

The center of an atom, where its neutrons and protons are, is called the

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

nucleus

electron cloud

center

nucleotide

atomic core

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number for an element with three protons?

• 6

• 1

• 3

• 9

Lesson Objectives

• Describe how elements are arranged on the periodic table

• Distinguish between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

• Describe the patterns shown on the periodic table

• Describe some of the major groups of the periodic table

​What are Patterns of Elements

• By the 1860s, over 60 elements had been discovered, and scientists were seeking a way to organize them.

  • They found some similarities between them, but were unsure how to rank the importance of these similarities.

• In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev wrote the names of elements on cards, as well as some of their properties, and started arranging them into different patterns

  • When he placed them in order of atomic mass, he noticed that a pattern developed

Mendeleev's Pattern

How Were The Patterns Used?

• Mendeleev found that the pattern repeated several times

  • Every new row started with an element whose properties were similar to lithium, and every column of the table shared the same properties

• Periodic: A repeating Pattern

• Mendeleeve called his chart the Periodic Table of Elements, and left blank spaces to predict the discovery of new elements

  • Was eventually proven correct on multiple elements

What Does The Modern Periodic Table Look Like?

• Today, we recognize 118 elements, with more still being discovered through new technology

• Every periodic table of elements is sorted by Atomic Number

• We look at the periodic table in two directions

  • Periods: Rows that go Left to Right

  • Groups: Columns that go Up and Down

    • Elements in the same group tend to share chemical and physical properties

    • Can also be called families

Multiple Choice

Who created the periodic table?

• John Dalton

• Marie Curie

• Dmitri Mendeleev

• Isaac Newton

Multiple Choice

Groups on the periodic table are arranged...

• vertically

• horizontally

• diagonally

Multiple Choice

Periods on the periodic table are arranged...

• vertically

• horizontally

• diagonally

Multiple Choice

The periodic table is arranged in order of...

• increasing atomic number

• increasing atomic mass

• decreasing atomic mass

• decreasing atomic number

How are the Elements on the Periodic table classified?

• When we classify elements on the periodic table, we sort them into three major types

  • Metals

  • Metalloids

  • Nonmetals

metals

• Make up a majority of the elements

  • Groups 1-12, the bottom of 13, 14, 15, & 16

• They are solid at room temperature except for mercury

• Tend to look shiny and reflective

• They are ductile and malleable

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

nonmetals

• Mainly found on the right side of the Periodic table

• Many are gases at room temperature, but not all are

• Properties tend to be the opposite of metals

  • Dull

  • Brittle

  • Poor Conductors

metalloids

• Exist between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table

  • Form a staircase-shaped line

• Shares properties with both metals and non-metals

  • solid and shiny, but very brittle

  • Some are very good conductors at certain temperatures, like silicon

what information is on every periodic table?

• The Chemical Symbol of the Element: A one or two-letter Abbreviation that represents the element in the chemical formula

  • Maybe based on the older name for the element

  • If two Letters, the First is capitalized, and the second is lowercase

• The Element Name

• The Atomic Number

• The Atomic Mass

reading the periodic table

• The Periodic table starts with Hydrogen in the top left corner (atomic number 1), and reads across a row left to right

  • When you reach the end of a row, you go back to the beginning of the next row down

• As you go across a period, elemental patterns will repeat

Multiple Choice

At room temperature, most elements are classified as...

• non-metal

• metal

• mettalloids

• halogens

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are located along a dividing line that looks like a staircase?

• metals

• metalloids

• non-metals

• alkali metals

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a property of non-metals?

• malleable (easily reshaped w/o breaking)

• brittle (easily broken)

• ductile (capable of being drown out into a wire or thread)

Categorize

Options (11)

shiny, silvery solids

good conductors of heat and electricity

malleable and ductile

located ot the left of the metalloids

gases, or dull brittle solids

poor conductors

right of the metalloids

solids

semi-conductors

physcial properties like metals

chemical properties like nonmetals

Organize these options into the right categories

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

elemental groups

• Elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar properties because they all have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level

  • This similar arrangement causes them to react the same way in reactions

Group 1: alkali metals

• Group Contains Metals with only one electron in their outer shell

• They are Extremely Reactive with water and oxygen

  • Only found combined with other elements

• Very Soft

• Silver

• Shiny

• Low Density

Group 2: alkaline-earth metals

• Very Reactive, but less than the Akali Metals

• Silver Color

• React more slowly than Alkali Metals

Groups 3-12: transition metals

• Contain Metals

• Not very reactive

• Properties can vary greatly

• Shiny

• Good thermal and electrical conductors

• Higher Densities and melting points

group 17: halogens

• Contains Nonmetals

• Very Reactive, never found uncombined in nature

• Poor conductors of electric current

• Mainly react with alkali metals

group 18: noble gases

• Made up of nonmetals

• Have 8 electrons in the outermost shell, so is stable

  • Do not react with anything

• They are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

hydrogen

• The most abundant element in the universe

• A Nonmetal

• Made up of one proton and one electron

• Extremely reactive

• Doesn't really share properties with any other group on the periodic table

  • Is placed above Alkali metals because of the one electron in its shell

Lanthanides & Actinides

• Technically part of the transition metals, but moved below the periodic table to save space

• Lanthanides are often mixed with other metals to make them stronger

• Actinides are radioactive and mostly made in a lab

Multiple Choice

Elements in the same ________ are more chemically similar.

• group
• period
• club
• table

Multiple Choice

Which group of elements do not react?

• Alkali Metals

• Alkaline Earth Metals

• Halogens

• Noble Gases

Hotspot

Which Group is the Alkali Metals?

Multiple Choice

Which group of elements contains the most reactive metals?

• Alkali Metals

• Alkaline Earth Metals

• Halogens

• Noble Gases

Hotspot

Which Group is the Halogens?