Anatomy Topic 6.4 Bone Structure Lesson

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

• They provide a dense outer layer for bones.

• They form a honeycomb structure that supports bone marrow.

• They are responsible for bone growth in length.

• They store calcium for the body.

Open Ended

Why is it important for the human body to have both compact and spongy bone tissues?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

• Compact bone looks smooth and solid, while spongy bone has a mesh of bony spines called trabeculae.

• Compact bone contains bone marrow, while spongy bone does not.

• Spongy bone is found only in the diaphysis, while compact bone is found only in the epiphysis.

• Compact bone is flexible, while spongy bone is rigid.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about the structure of short, irregular, and flat bones are correct?

• They consist of thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact bone.

• Bone marrow is scattered throughout spongy bone.

• They have a defined marrow cavity.

• Hyaline cartilage covers the area of bone that is part of a movable joint.

Multiple Choice

In flat bones, what is the arrangement of compact and spongy bone?

• A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone.

• Compact bone is surrounded by spongy bone on both sides.

• Spongy bone forms the outer layer, and compact bone forms the inner layer.

• There is no specific arrangement of compact and spongy bone in flat bones.

Fill in the Blanks

The tubular shaft that forms the long axis of a long bone is called the

.

Open Ended

Explain the functional significance of the epiphyseal line in long bones.

Multiple Choice

Which structure lines the medullary cavity of a long bone?

• Endosteum

• Periosteum

• Articular cartilage

• Trabeculae

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the periosteum contains Sharpey's fibers and what is their function?

• Fibrous layer; they secure the periosteum to the bone matrix

• Osteogenic layer; they produce bone cells

• Endosteum; they line the medullary cavity

• Compact bone; they store yellow marrow

Open Ended

Compare the structure and function of the periosteum and endosteum membranes in bone.

Multiple Select

Which structures are labeled in the diagram of the long bone? Select all that apply.

• Endosteum

• Nutrient foramen

• Yellow bone marrow

• Articular cartilage

Fill in the Blanks

Red marrow is found within trabecular cavities of spongy bone and

of flat bones.

Open Ended

Explain the differences between projections, depressions, and openings as types of bone markings, and give an example of the function of each.

Multiple Select

What are the main functions of bone markings?

• Sites for muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment

• Areas involved in joint formation

• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

• Storage of bone marrow

Multiple Select

Which of the following bone markings are projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment?

• Tuberosity

• Crest

• Trochanter

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which bone marking is described as a large rounded projection that may be roughened?

• Tuberosity

• Crest

• Trochanter

• Line

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between a foramen and a fossa as bone markings?

• A foramen is a round or oval opening through a bone, while a fossa is a shallow depression often serving as an articular surface.

• A foramen is a shallow depression, while a fossa is a round or oval opening.

• A foramen is a sharp projection, while a fossa is a ridge.

• A foramen is a bony expansion, while a fossa is a canal-like passageway.

Open Ended

List and briefly describe the five major cell types found in bone tissue.

Fill in the Blanks

Osteogenic cells are also known as

cells.

Open Ended

Describe the relationship between osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, and explain their roles in bone growth.

Multiple Choice

Which type of bone cell is responsible for maintaining the bone matrix and acting as a stress or strain sensor?

• Osteocyte

• Osteoclast

• Osteoblast

• Bone-lining cell

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about bone-lining cells is/are correct?

• They are flat cells on bone surfaces that help maintain matrix.

• On external bone surfaces, they are called periosteal cells.

• On internal surfaces, they are called endosteal cells.

• They are responsible for bone resorption.

Fill in the Blanks

Osteoclasts are derived from the same hematopoietic stem cells that become

.

Open Ended

Compare the functions of osteocytes and osteoclasts in bone tissue.

Open Ended

Describe the differences in origin and function between osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts as seen in the histological image?

• Increase surface area for enzyme degradation of bone

• Store calcium

• Produce bone matrix

• Transport nutrients

Open Ended

How do the structures of compact bone and spongy bone contribute to their functions in the skeletal system?

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

• Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is made up of trabeculae and contains bone marrow.

• Compact bone is found only in children, while spongy bone is found only in adults.

• Compact bone contains bone marrow, while spongy bone does not.

• Compact bone is soft, while spongy bone is hard.