SP - S8 2026

Multiple Choice

A technical term known as deictic expressions (from Greek) which means “pointing” via language.

• context

• reference

• inference

• deixis

Multiple Choice

What is pragmatics?

• Meaning in use & meaning in context

  
  

• Studies on relationships between forms and the users of the forms

• The branch of linguistics dealing with

  language in use and the contexts in

  which it is used

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Deixis refers to expressions which................

• are used to point to someone or something through language

• show a relation between a referent and thought

• mention someone or something in speech or writing

Multiple Choice

Q2: News reporter from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia reports of the followings: This city has witnessed a flood as a result of the heavy rain. “This city” in this sentence is:

• Person deixis

• Spatial deixis

• Temporal deixis

Multiple Choice

How many types of deixis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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"Whenever I see John, he wears that same coat."

He and That refers to?

• Temporal deixis and Personal deixis

• Personal deixis and Spatial Deixis

• Temporal deixis and Spatial deixis

• Spatial deixis and Social deixis

Multiple Choice

I could swim when I was a child. The temporal deixis “When” is?

• Proximal forms

• Distal forms

Multiple Choice

Which sentence contains the proximal form of temporal deixis?

• They have been friends for 6 years.

• I will come home and have dinner then.

• She won’t come to the party this evening, I guest.

• I knew you were sleeping when I knocked on the door.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence contain the distal form of person deixis?

• Don’t let me know you have any secrets.

• We have been waiting for you for many hours.

• Please tell him that I will get home late.

• You cannot defeat my close friend in the competition.

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The context of the text itself (enough knowledge in conversation of what is being said to be able to infer on what pronouns to use).

• Reference

• Ellipsis

• Co-text

• Communicative situation

Multiple Choice

...... is a linguistic part of the environment in which a referring expression is used.

• Physical context

• Co-text

• Referent

Multiple Choice

According to Yule, reference is an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic forms to enable a listener, or reader, to identify something.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Attributive use is regarding to a specific person who is referred to, although his/her name or some other description is not used.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

The reference appears to work between all members of a community who share an unfamiliar language and culture.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

In terms of anaphoric reference, the second or subsequent expression is the anaphor. What is the anaphor in the example below?

In conclusion, we have no right to decide whether or not wild animals should exist, and I believe that we should do everything we can to protect them.

• wild animals

• them

• we

• everything

Multiple Choice

Learning anaphoric reference can avoid ambiguity. Which word(s) should we use to replace the word "them" in the example below?

Some famous people usually write about life lessons on Facebook, so people who follow them can learn from them.

• those lessons

• Facebook

• famous people

• life lessons

Multiple Choice

What are the correct subcategories of social deixis?

• Relational and Actual deixis

• Relational and Absolute deixis

• Formal and Casual dexis

Multiple Choice

What´s the definition of Anaphora?

• Retrieve things and play them.

• Refer to things and going back to them.

• Infer things and forget them.

• Write things and delete them.

Multiple Choice

What type of faces exist?

• Bad faces and good faces.

• Critical faces and Analytical faces.

• Positive faces and Negative faces.

• Right faces and Wrong faces.

Multiple Choice

What is an inference?

•  An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have.
• An inference is directly written in the text

Multiple Choice

Ana and Sophie sat in their chairs staring straight ahead for nearly two hours. They did not talk or hardly even move, but they were not bored at all. Where were Ana and Sophie?

• At the movies

• In class

• At church

• At a football game

Multiple Choice

It was 8:30 on Thursday night. Emily stared at the large, empty poster board on her bed. Then she looked at the stack of books about Abraham Lincoln on her desk. Emily began to cry. Why do you think Emily was crying?

• She wanted a different color poster

• It was late and she had a lot of schoolwork to complete before she could end her night

• She did not want to go to sleep

• She wanted a book about George Washington instead

Multiple Choice

The scout leader looked at the sky and muttered something under his breath. Then he looked at the map. "Let's get moving." He called to the group of tired boys. "The faster the better." Why do you think the scout leader started rushing the boys?

• They were going to be late for dinner

• They were going to miss their ride that was waiting for them

• It was about to rain

• The sun was about to cause it to be too hot for them to stay out much longer

Multiple Choice

Joseph and Caitlin were choosing the players for their teams. It was Caitlin's turn to choose, and only Jason was left. Caitlin said, "Jason."

We can infer that…

• Jason was the best player.
• Caitlin wanted Jason on her team.
• Jason was not a very good player.
• Caitlin had a hard time choosing a team member.

Multiple Choice

Tim looked out the window. The house looked so lonely. Tim's father put the last suitcase in the trunk and started up the car. Thor, his dog, put his head on Tim's lap, like he understood how  Tim was feeling. "It's okay Thor," he said, "Dad says we will like California." What is happening?

• Tim is sad because his dog doesn't have a house to live in.
• Tim is taking a trip to visit peolpe he doesn't know.
• Tim is taking Thor to live with his grandmother.
• Tim is moving to California with his family.

Multiple Choice

Rachel was on her way to volunteer at the animal shelter.  She was very excited!  She really liked dogs.  Her brother was allergic to dogs, however, so she was rarely around them.  Rachel had a lot of fun playing with the puppies, but after her shift, itchy bumps appeared on her arms.
It is likely that:

• Mosquitoes bit Rachel
• Rachel is allergic to dogs, too
• Rachel fell in poison ivy
• Rachel was already sick

Multiple Choice

an act by which a speaker/writer uses language to enable a listener/reader to identify someone or something

• Inference

• Refrence

• Face

• Anaphora

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additional information used by a listener/reader to create a connection between what is said and what must be meant

• Inference

• Refrence

• Face

• Anaphora

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use of pronouns (it) and noun phrases with the (the puppy)  to refer back to something already mentioned

• Infrence

• Refrence

• Face

• Anaphora

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the first mention of someone or something later referred to via anaphora

• Infrence

• Antecedent

• Face

• Politeness

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additional information used by a listener/reader to create a connection between what is said and what must be meant

• Infrence

• Antecedent

• Face

• Politeness

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similar to anaphora, but reversing the antecedent–anaphora relationship, often beginning with a pronoun and a descriptive noun phrase later

• Infrence

• Antecedent

• Cataphora

• Politeness

Multiple Choice

What is Presupposition ?

• is something the sentence assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance.

• is something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance.

Multiple Choice

Which sentences do presupposition constant?

• I realize the dress I bought is fake.

• I don’t regret that I bought the dress.

• I regret that I bought the dress.

• I regret that I didn't buy the dress.

Multiple Choice

Constancy under negation: the feature of the entailment of an utterance by virtue of which it remains constant or true even when the statement is negated

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which sentence presupposes “John is gay”?

• Everybody knows John is gay.

• Everybody doesn’t know John is gay.

• Both of these answers are correct

Multiple Choice

A: My dog was killed in a car accident.

B: My dog is dead.

→ What is the relationship between A and B?

• B is a presupposition of A

• B is an entailment of A

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is the presupposition of “ We regret telling him the secret ’’

• We told him the secret.

• We wish we had told him the secret.

• We don’t regret telling him the secret.

• We realize that we didn’t tell him the secret .

Multiple Choice

The presupposition of a simple sentence will always continue to be true when that simple sentence becomes part of a more complex sentence causing the meaning of the whole sentence is a combination of the meaning of its parts.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Projection problem is: ................................................................................................................................................................................................

• The problem of a simple structure remaining its presupposition on becoming a part of a more complex structure.

• The problem of a simple structure losing its presupposition on becoming a part of a more complex structure.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is the presupposition of “ Harry imagined that he has a son and this son lives in Paris.”

• Harry has a son.

• Harry doesn’t have a son.

• Harry’s son lives in Paris.

• Harry’s son doesn’t live in Paris.

Multiple Choice

Each sentence has its own presupposition.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which verbs are used in non factive presuppositions?

• dream, pretend, wish,...

• know, image, pretend,...

Multiple Choice

The …... presupposition is the assumption that what is presupposition is not only untrue but is the opposite of what is true or contrary to facts.

• non-factive

• counter-factual

• factive

• lexical

Multiple Choice

How many types of presupposition are there?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

Is the sentence (2) a presupposition or an entailment of the sentence (1) ?

(1): Where is the man with the megaphone?

(2): There is a man with a megaphone.

• presupposition

• entailment

Multiple Choice

The sentences in (1) presuppose the sentence (2). Determine the type of presupposition.

(1): It was in the opera that I have lost my glasses.

(2): I have lost my glasses somewhere.

• existential

• lexical

• non-factive

• factive

• structural

Multiple Choice

Which of the following contains factive presupposition?

• She still plays the guitar on the street to make a living.

• Why did John drop out of school?

• I didn’t notice Tania was there.

• I wish I had a lot of money

Multiple Choice

What are the presupposition of this sentence?

“David started to become a vegan last year.”

• David likes eating vegetable than meat.

• David couldn’t eat meat.

• David used to eat meat.

• David is a meat lover.

Multiple Select

A: The fair boy shook his head.

B: There is a boy who is fair.

• existential presupposition

• factive presupposition

• lexical presupposition

• structural presupposition

• non-factive presupposition

Multiple Select

A: I stopped eating meat.

B: I used to eat meat.

• existential presupposition

• factive presupposition

• lexical presupposition

• structural presupposition

• non-factive presupposition

Multiple Select

A: What movie did you end up watching last Friday?

B: The addressee watched a movie last Friday.

• existential presupposition

• factive presupposition

• lexical presupposition

• structural presupposition

• non-factive presupposition

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence that matches this presupposition.

"If you were my daughter, I would not allow you to do this."

• You are not my daughter

• You are my daughter

Multiple Choice

"I wasn’t aware that she was married."

• She wasn't married

• She was married

Multiple Choice

The existential presupposition is assumed to be present in any definite noun phrase.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which are NOT the existential presuppositions of this example: “Have you read the research on the language of dolphins Tom did last semester?”

• Tom exists.

• Tom did research last semester.

• Tom has a research.

• Tom did research on the language of dolphins.

Multiple Choice

Factive presupposition is the assumption that something is true because of the presence of some verbs such as " know", "realize", and "glad" etc.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which verbs are used in non factive presuppositions?

• know, image, pretend,...

• dream, pretend, wish,...

Multiple Choice

What is the presupposition of this sentence? “ I regret lending her the book.”

• I will lend her the book.

• I never lend her the book.

• I lent her the book.

• I don’t lend her the book.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following sentences contains structural presupposition?

• I wasn’t aware that she was married.

• We imagined that we were in London.

• Why did Dusik get back to his hometown is a mystery

• The girl who is singing on the stage is my best friend.

Multiple Choice

Structural presupposition is based on the meaning of words, phrases, collocations.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the presupposition of this sentence? “She asked him to give her money again”.

• He never gives her money.

• He gave her money before.

• He will give her money next Sunday.

• He is giving her money now.

Multiple Choice

The …... presupposition is the assumption that what is presupposition is not only untrue but is the opposite of what is true or contrary to facts.

• factive

• non-factive

• lexical

• counter-factual

Multiple Choice

The projection problem for presuppositions is the problem of predicting the presuppositions of complex sentences in a compositional fashion from the presuppositions of their parts.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A: If I hadn't have eaten so much over the holiday, I would still have fitted my favorite jeans.

B: The speaker had eaten so much over the holidays.

What types of presupposition is B?

• structural & counter-factual

• counter-factual & factive

• factive & structural

• non-factive & counter-factual

Multiple Choice

…… is the meaning of some presupposition (as ‘part”) doesn’t survive to become the meaning of some complex sentence (as ‘whole’).

• counter-factual

• factive

• projection problem

• lexical

Multiple Choice

-Did you enjoy the performance?

• - It was the kind of shout you hear at concerts, emanating from a fan looking for a brief moment of acknowledgement from the artist on stage. But Taylor Swift, in her corporeal form at least, was not actually there to receive it on Friday night. The fan lobbed their love at a movie screen at a sold-out showing of Swift’s new concert film Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour, in downtown Manhattan.

• Which maxim is being violated here?

• manner

• quality

• quantity

Multiple Choice

• - Did you line the performance?

• - Her most recent concert tour is called 'The Eras Tour. ' Which is a nod to each of her musical 'eras' over her career. At each concert, she sings from each of her albums as she performs a musical tour of the years. I have 3 girls at my house, and Taylor Swift is staple in the musical soundtrack of our lives.

• which maxim is being violated here?

• quality

• quantity

• relevance

Multiple Select

Which maxims are flouted in this meme?

• quality

• quantity

• relation

• manner

Multiple Select

Which maxims are flouted in this meme?

• quality

• quantity

• relation

• manner

Multiple Choice

an action in which the form used (e.g. interrogative) does not directly match the function (e.g. request) performed by a speaker with an utterance,

• indirect speech act

• face-threatening act

• face-saving act

• Face

Multiple Choice

Implicatures are primary examples of more being communicated than is said.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

…............. implicatures are not tied to the particular words and phrases in an utterance but arise instead from contextual factors and the understanding that conventions are observed in conversation.

• Conventional

• Conversational

Multiple Choice

When no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning, it is called a generalized conversational implicature.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

…................... regarding the limitation of information conveyed by the speaker.

• quality

• manner

• relation

• quantity

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…................... make your conservational contribution as required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.

• Conversational implicature

• Tautologies

• The cooperative principle

• Hedges

Multiple Choice

Which kind of maxims does this conversation NOT follow?

A: "Hey, how was your weekend?"

B: "It was good, I went to the beach with my family, we had a lot of fun, the weather was great, we had a barbecue on Saturday night. It was a really nice weekend."

• Quantity

• Quality

• Manner

• Relation

Multiple Choice

Which kind of maxims does this conversation NOT follow?

A: "Have you ever read "The little mermaid?"

B: "Yes, this story is about a race bewteen turtle and rabbit."

• Quantity

• Quality

• Manner

• Relation

Multiple Choice

Which kind of maxims does this conversation NOT follow?

A: "What are you doing?"

B: "1+1=2, 2+2=4, 4+1=5"

• Quantity

• Quality

• Manner

• Relation

Multiple Choice

Which kind of maxims does this conversation NOT follow?

A: "What do you think of this painting?"

B: "Well, you know, I mean, it's kind of hard to say. Like, it's interesting, but at the same time, it's not really my style, you know what I mean?"

• Quantity

• Quality

• Manner

• Relation

Multiple Select

In which of the following expressions conventional implicatures are attached?

• Marie is poor, but she’s honest.

• Frank sang Home Sweet Home.

• Marie is poor and she’s honest.

• Frank produced a series of sounds that corresponded closely to the score of Home Sweet Home.

Multiple Choice

What are the Maxim of Quantity?

• Speakers should be brief and orderly, and avoid obscurity and ambiguity

• Speakers should be as informative as is required, that they should give neither too little information nor too much

• Speakers are assumed to be saying something that is relevant to what has been said before

• Speakers are experted o be sincere, to be saying something that they believe corresponds to reality.

Multiple Choice

When speakers flout the Maxim of Manner,...

• they may hyperbole, metaphor, irony and banter

• they appear to be obscure, are often trying to exclude a third party

• they expert that the hearers will be able to imagine that the utterance did not say

• they seem to give too little or too much information

Multiple Choice

“Don’t make your contribution more informative than is required”

What maxim does this above rule belong to?

• Maxim of quality

• Maxim of quantity

• Maxim of relation

• D. Maxim of manner

Multiple Choice

“Don’t say what you believe to be false”

What maxim does this above rule belong to?

• A. Maxim of quality

• B. Maxim of quantity

• C. Maxim of relation

• D. Maxim of manner